Dab tsi cuam tshuam rau kev tsim cov kab mob Flocs?

Cov kab mob flocs yog cov viscous flocs tsim los ntawm kev sib sau ntawm cov kab mob thiab lawv cov secreted extracellular polymeric tshuaj (EPS) nyob rau hauv activated sludge / biofilm; lawv yog ib qho tseem ceeb ua haujlwm hauv kev kho dej khib nyiab lom neeg.

• Core Bacteria: *Zoogloea*, *Pseudomonas*, *Flavobacterium*, thiab lwm yam.

• Cov tsos mob: Cov flocs tsim tshiab tsis muaj xim thiab pob tshab nrog cov qauv compact; mature flocs yog yellowish -xim av thiab flocculent; cov laus flocs yog xim dub thiab xoob.

• Loj: Kaum mus rau pua pua micrometers, reticulated/branched/spherical/mhroom-zoo li tus.

1. Basis: Cov kab mob tso tawm ntawm EPS (qhov tseem ceeb "adhesive")

• Muaj pes tsawg leeg: Polysaccharides (70–80%) + proteins + me me ntawm nucleic acids/lipids.

• Muaj nuj nqi: Encapsulates cov kab mob hlwb, adheres rau ib leeg, thiab tsim ib lub moj khaum reticulated.

• Ua rau: Kev tso tawm ntau heev tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov as-ham txaus, aerobic mob, thiab haum pH (6.5–7.5) / kub (20–35 degree).

2. Aggregation: Adhesion thiab bridging daim ntawv microflocs.

• Homobiotics adhere ntawm cov tshuaj ntsiav / cov qog ua kua; heterobiotics txuas ntawm EPS network.

• Them neutralization: Cov kab mob saum npoo nqa cov nqi tsis zoo; cations (Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺) neutralize tus nqi, txhawb aggregation.

• Qhov tshwm sim: Tsim ntawm 10–50 μm microflocs.

3. Maturation: Microflocs aggregate, tsim rau cov kab mob flocs.

• Microflocs txuas ntxiv mus adsorb cov kab mob, cov organic teeb meem, thiab cov khoom raug tshem tawm, nce qhov loj thiab ntom.

• Ib qho aerobic → anoxic → anaerobic microenvironment yog tsim nyob rau hauv, txhawb ib txhij nitrification / denitrification / phosphorus tso tawm.

• Mature bacterial flocs: 100–500 μm, nrog rau kev daws teeb meem zoo thiab ua haujlwm siab.

1. Organic Matter Degradation

• Cov cheeb tsam tshwj xeeb siab: Adsorption + degradation ntawm yaj / colloidal organic teeb meem, 5-10 npaug ntau npaum li cov kab mob dawb.

• Synergistic metabolism: Cov kab mob Aerobic decompose tau yooj yim degradable COD, anaerobic kab mob degrade recalcitrant tshuaj, mineralization → CO₂ + H₂O.

• Piv txwv: BOD5 tshem tawm tus nqi ntawm cov dej khib nyiab hauv nroog yog 80-95%, feem ntau yog los ntawm flocs.

2. Ua tau zoo adsorption

• Adsorption ntawm suspended solids (SS), hnyav hlau, dyes, thiab trace organic teeb meem.

• Mechanism: Cov pawg hydroxyl/carboxyl/amino ntawm EPS muab ntau qhov chaw adsorption; Tom qab adsorption, enrichment → degradation / nag lossis daus.

3. Sludge-Kev cais dej

• Floc density ≈ 1.02–1.05 g/cm³, yooj yim los ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus (secondary sedimentation tank).

• Cov flocs zoo heev: SV30=20–30%, SVI=50–150 mL/g, sai sai, tshem tawm cov dej tawm.

• Loose/aged flocs → sludge bulking → turbid effluent, sludge poob.

4. Kev tiv thaiv thiab kev ntxhov siab

• Anti-phagocytosis: EPS encapsulation ua rau nws nyuaj rau protozoa rau lawv, tuav ruaj khov biomass.

• Toxicity resistance: EPS adsorbs/buffers tshuaj lom (hnyav hlau, phenols, cyanides), tiv thaiv cov kab mob hlwb.

• Kev poob siab tsis kam: Sab hauv microenvironment tseem nyob ruaj khov nyob rau hauv pH / kub / load hloov pauv, muab kev poob siab muaj zog.

5. Nitrogen thiab Phosphorus Tshem Tawm

• Nitrification: Nitrifying kab mob nyob rau saum npoo aerobic zone convert NH₄⁺ rau NO₃⁻.

• Denitrification: Denitrifying kab mob nyob rau hauv lub puab anoxic cheeb tsam hloov NO₃⁻ rau N₂ (nitrogen tshem tawm).

• Kev tshem tawm Phosphorus: Polyphosphate- khaws cov kab mob aerobically nqus phosphorus thiab anaerobicly tso phosphorus, thaum seem sludge tawm phosphorus.

6. Ecological stability

• Cov khoom noj khoom haus ntawm cov kab mob / fungi / protozoa / metazoa cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub floc, inhibiting kev loj hlob ntau ntawm cov kab mob filamentous thiab tiv thaiv sludge bulking.

• Protozoa (Vorticella/rotifers) ua hauj lwm raws li cov kab mob: Ntau Vorticella → zoo floc kev ua si thiab clearer effluent.

• Zoo Flocs: Lub teeb daj / pob tshab, compact qauv, zoo nkauj npoo, zoo ib yam loj, ceev ceev, clear supernatant.

• Cov Flocs tsis zoo: Cov xim tsaus, cov qauv xoob, qhov muag plooj, ntau qhov me me, qeeb qeeb, turbid supernatant.

• Kev soj ntsuam Microscopic: Saib ntawm 400x magnification; loj, ntom flocs nrog ntau Vorticella yog superior.

• Dissolved Oxygen (DO): 2–4 mg/L (siab dhau → xoob flocs; qis dhau → blackening thiab foul tsw). • Nutrient ratio: C:N:P=100:5:1 (Nitrogen deficiency → filamentous bacteria bulking; Phosphorus deficiency → loose flocs).

• pH: 6.5–7.5 (Ntau acidic → disintegration; dhau alkaline → laus).

• Kub: 20–35℃(Tsuas kub → kev loj hlob qeeb, xoob flocs).

• Sludge retention time (SRT): 5–15 hnub (Too dhau → ntau cov flocs tshiab, tsis zoo nyob; ntev dhau lawm → laus, tsis muaj zog).

Flocs yog "lub plawv" ntawm kev kho dej khib nyiab: tsim los ntawm kev sib sau ntawm zoogloea thiab EPS (cov kab mob tshwj xeeb), lawv cov haujlwm tseem ceeb yog adsorption, degradation, daws, thiab kev ntxhov siab; lawv qhov ntau, qhov loj me, thiab cov qauv ncaj qha txiav txim siab cov dej ntws zoo thiab qhov system stability. Tswj DO, cov as-ham, pH, qhov kub thiab txias, thiab lub hnub nyoog sludge thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tuaj yeem tswj tau siab -flocs zoo nrog cov qauv compact, kev ua haujlwm siab, thiab kev daws teeb meem zoo.