Sedimentation thiab flotation daws qhov teeb meem ntawm cov pa phem uas "xav" thiab "ntub." Tab sis muaj lwm yam impurity nyob rau hauv dej-cov khoom raug tshem tawm, cov khoom colloidal, thiab cov khoom yaj hauv dej- uas tsis yog dab dej lossis ntab. Yuav ua li cas?
Qhov no yog qhov uas pom los rau hauv. Yooj yim muab tso, pom yuav cia cov dej khib nyiab ntws los ntawm cov txheej lim dej, tso siab rau lub cev cuam tshuam, adsorption, thiab tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov lim xov xwm txhawm rau txhawm rau cov pa phem.
Kev lim dej yog cov txheej txheem "gatekeeping" hauv cov chav kho mob lub cev thiab lub sijhawm dej ntws hauv ntau cov txheej txheem kho dej khib nyiab, cim kev hloov pauv ntawm "pretreatment" mus rau "kev kho siab". Ntau cov txheej txheem kho dej khib nyiab tsom rau cov dej rov qab siv dua thiab ruaj khov, qis -turbidity effluent cia siab rau kev pom! Kab lus no tham txog peb qhov feem ntau siv lim xov xwm -quartz xuab zeb, activated carbon, thiab manganese xuab zeb- lawv ua li cas, siv lawv li cas rau ntawm -site, thiab yuav ua li cas rov tsim dua thiab tswj lawv thaum lawv txhaws lossis saturated.
I. Cov ntsiab cai ntawm kev lim
Tsis txhob xav tias pom tsuas yog "sifting xuab zeb"; nws yeej muaj ntau lub luag haujlwm ua haujlwm ua ke.
Mechanical interception: Cov khoom loj dua li cov lim tawm qhov khoob yog cuam tshuam ncaj qha. Qhov no yog txoj kev pom zoo tshaj plaws, tab sis tsis muaj txiaj ntsig rau cov khoom me dua qhov khoob.
Inertial impaction: Raws li cov dej ntws nyob ib ncig ntawm cov lim xov xwm, cov khoom zoo sib txawv ntawm lawv cov streamlines vim inertia thiab sib tsoo nrog cov lim xov xwm saum npoo, ua raws. Qhov dej ntws muaj zog dua, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj qhov cuam tshuam cuam tshuam.
Adsorption thiab adhesion: Physicochemical kev sib cuam tshuam (van der Waals rog, electrostatic rog) ntawm lub lim xov xwm nto adsorb me me hais rau saum npoo. Cov qauv ntxeem tau ntawm activated carbon kuj muab lub cev muaj zog adsorption muaj peev xwm. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev lim dej thiab tshem tawm cov khoom zoo thiab cov tshuaj yaj.
Bioflocculation: Tom qab cov ntaub ntawv biofilm rau ntawm qhov chaw lim dej, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntxiv uas tau zais los ntawm cov kab mob tuaj yeem ua raws li cov khib nyiab pov tseg hauv dej, thaum tib lub sijhawm biodegrading qee cov organic teeb meem, txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm cov effluent.
Sedimentation: Cov dej ntws nrawm nrawm heev nyob rau hauv lub qhov hws ntawm cov lim txheej, thiab qee qhov me me nyob ntawm lub lim xov xwm vim lub ntiajteb txawj nqus.
II. Quartz xuab zeb filtration - feem ntau siv ua ntej - txoj kev pom
Quartz xuab zeb yog feem ntau siv lim nruab nrab. Quartz xuab zeb yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev nyuaj siab, cov khoom ruaj khov, tus nqi qis, thiab muaj dav.
Haum rau: Tshem tawm cov khib nyiab, turbidity, thiab qee cov colloidal hais los ntawm dej. Cov dej turbidity tuaj yeem txo qis kom qis dua 1 NTU. Nws tuaj yeem siv los ua chav kho mob sib sib zog nqus rau cov dej ntws hauv cov dej hauv nruab nrab, lossis ua ua ntej - lim rau cov lim dej lim dej thiab cov txheej txheem membrane.
Kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo: Feem ntau siv cov khoom loj yog 0.5 ~ 1.2 hli, lim txaj thickness yog 0.7 ~ 1.5 m, thiab pom tshaj tawm yog 5 ~ 10 m / h. Kev pom ntau dhau ua rau muaj kev nce ceev hauv lub taub hau thiab lub sij hawm luv luv; Tsawg dhau qhov nrawm ua rau kev siv cov khoom siv tsawg.
Cov hom: Cov twj tso kua mis siab lim dej (kaw thiab nias, tsav los ntawm lub twj tso kua mis) thiab cov lim dej nqus dej (qhib hom, tso siab rau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov dej sib txawv rau lub ntiajteb txawj nqus ntws).
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev saib xyuas: Lub hauv paus yog rov qab ntxuav. Raws li tus nqi ntawm cov khoom ntim khoom nce, lub taub hau poob nce thiab cov dej ntws tsawg zuj zus, yuav tsum tau rov qab ntxuav dua - siv cov dej rov qab los txhawm rau txhawm rau lim lub txaj thiab tshem tawm cov impurities. Backwash siv feem ntau yog 12-15 litres / (m²·s), nrog rau kev nthuav dav ntawm kwv yees li 25% -45%, kav 5-10 feeb. Cov dej huv yog siv rau kev ntxuav rov qab; huab cua txhuam tej zaum yuav tsim nyog los txhim kho cov nyhuv ntxuav. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, lub txaj lim qhov siab yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua kom txo qis (xuab zeb poob lossis hnav). Yog tias qhov txo qis tshaj 10%, cov xuab zeb yuav tsum tau ntxiv los tiv thaiv thinning ntawm lub txaj lim thiab tom qab nkag mus ntawm cov khib nyiab tshem tawm hauv cov dej ntws tawm.
III. Activated Carbon Filtration - Ib Lub Zog Tshwj Xeeb Lim Media rau Decolorization thiab Odor Tshem Tawm
Cov pa roj carbon activated muaj thaj tsam loj loj (500-}1500 m² ib gram) thiab cov qauv tsim microporous zoo, muaj peev xwm adsorption muaj zog heev rau cov organic teeb meem, xim, thiab tsw.
Haum rau: Tshem tawm cov organic teeb meem (COD), xim, residual chlorine, thiab tsw los ntawm dej. Cov pa roj carbon activated muaj peev xwm txo tau sai rau cov tshuaj dawb chlorine thiab feem ntau siv rau dechlorination los tiv thaiv cov kab mob hauv qab; nws muaj kev tshem tawm tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws, cov tshuaj humic, thiab lwm yam xim - tsim cov tshuaj; nws kuj muaj peev xwm adsorption tseem ceeb rau tsw - ua rau cov khoom xws li thiols thiab phenols.
Kev khiav hauj lwm Parameters: Feem ntau siv activated carbon hom yog thee -raws li thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo plhaub-raws li. Lim lub txaj tuab yog 1-2 meters, pom ceev yog 4-10 meters / teev, thiab dej yuav tsum nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov lim xov xwm tsawg kawg 6-15 feeb; Lub sijhawm sib cuag tsis txaus ua rau txo qis adsorption efficiency.
Regeneration thiab Hloov: Cov pa roj carbon activated yuav tsum tau kho tom qab adsorption saturation. Thermal regeneration yog txoj kev zoo tshaj plaws -pyrolyzing thiab gasifying lub adsorbed organic teeb meem ntawm 800-900℃restores adsorption muaj peev xwm, ua kom tiav tus nqi regeneration ntawm 85%-95%. Txoj kev no suav nrog kev nqis peev siab thiab cov nqi khiav lag luam, tsim nyog rau kev rov tsim dua tshiab hauv cov tshuab loj. Tshuaj regeneration siv cov kua qaub, alkalis, los yog cov kuab tshuaj organic los desorb cov adsorbate; Nws yog qhov yooj yim rau kev khiav lag luam tab sis muaj tus nqi qis dua (50% -70%) thiab tsim cov kua dej rov ua dua tshiab uas yuav tsum tau kho. Hauv cov khoom siv kho dej me me, ncaj qha hloov cov pa roj carbon saturated activated carbon nrog cov pa roj carbon tshiab yog kev lag luam ntau dua; Cov pa roj carbon monoxide pov tseg tuaj yeem muab pov tseg los ntawm cov koom haum kws tshaj lij lossis siv los ua roj rau kev hlawv.
Cov Ntsiab Lus Tseem Ceeb: Cov lim dej ua kom cov pa roj carbon activated tseem yuav tsum tau rov qab ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua ntawm qhov kev siv ntawm 10-12 litres / m²·thib ob txhawm rau tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob hnav cov pa roj carbon ntau dhau. Tsis tu ncua saib COD lossis xim ntawm cov effluent. Yog tias pom pom tias muaj kev nkag mus, hloov mus rau lub tank ua kom cov pa roj carbon rov qab tam sim lossis npaj rau kev tsim dua tshiab. Cov kab mob tau yooj yim loj hlob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov pa roj carbon activated; Yog li ntawd, cov tshuaj chlorine residual nyob rau hauv lub influent yuav tsum tau tswj thaum lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm, thiab cov pa roj carbon txheej yuav tsum tau disinfected tsis tu ncua yog tias tsim nyog.
IV. Manganese xuab zeb lim - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau tshem tawm cov hlau thiab manganese ions los ntawm dej
Manganese xuab zeb yog ib qho tshwj xeeb lim xov xwm, feem ntau muaj manganese dioxide (MnO₂). Nws tsis cia siab rau lub cev cuam tshuam tab sis ntawm cov tshuaj catalytic oxidation.
Haum rau: Tshwj xeeb tshem tawm cov hlau thiab manganese ions los ntawm cov dej hauv av los yog cov dej khib nyiab. Hlau muaj nyob rau hauv yaj Fe²⁺ daim ntawv, thiab manganese nyob rau hauv yaj Mn²⁺ daim ntawv, uas tsis tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm los ntawm cov pa sedimentation thiab pom. Lub active manganese dioxide zaj duab xis nyob rau saum npoo ntawm manganese xuab zeb lim media catalytically oxidizes Fe²⁺ thiab Mn²⁺, tsim Fe³⁺ thiab Mn⁴⁺ hydroxide precipitates, uas yog ces khaws cia thiab tshem tawm los ntawm lim txheej.
Kev khiav hauj lwm Parameters: Siv tau particle loj ntawm manganese xuab zeb: 0.6 ~ 2.0 hli; lim txheej thickness: feem ntau 0.8 ~ 1.2 m. Qhov ceev ceev yog feem ntau tswj ntawm 5-8 meters ib teev; Kev nrawm nrawm heev yuav ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidation tsis txaus, ua rau hlau thiab manganese nkag mus. Lub zog pH yuav tsum tsis txhob qis dua 6.5 (cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidation yuav luag tsis qis dua pH 6.0), thiab cov pa oxygen yaj yuav tsum txaus (feem ntau, aeration yuav tsum tau ua ntej nkag mus rau hauv lub txaj lim).
Cov Ntsiab Lus Tseem Ceeb: Thaum lub sij hawm tshem tawm cov hlau thiab manganese siv manganese xuab zeb lim xov xwm, hlau hydroxide (liab -xim xim av) yuav tsis tu ncua tso rau ntawm lub txaj lim dej, yuav tsum tau rov qab ntxuav nws tas li. Kev siv rov qab siv dua yog feem ntau 15-18 litres/(m²·s), siab dua me ntsis ntawm cov xuab zeb quartz, nrog rau kev nthuav dav tswj ntawm 30%-50%. Tom qab ua haujlwm ntev, cov yeeb yaj kiab nquag ntawm manganese xuab zeb nto yuav muaj hnub nyoog lossis tshem tawm, txo cov kev kho mob. Membrane regeneration tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm ib ntus ntxiv me me ntawm cov poov tshuaj permanganate, uas rov tsim cov active MnO₂ membrane nyob rau hauv oxidation nyhuv ntawm poov tshuaj permanganate. Yog tias cov nyhuv tseem tsis txaus siab tom qab ntau qhov kev tsim kho tshiab, qee qhov lossis tag nrho cov lim xov xwm yuav tsum tau hloov. Manganese xuab zeb lim tsis tuaj yeem siv ib txhij nrog chlorine-chlorine yuav ua rau cov active catalytic zaj duab xis rau ntawm manganese xuab zeb nto, ua rau poob ntawm hlau thiab manganese tshem tawm muaj nuj nqi.
V. Ntawm -Site Operation and Maintenance Record of the Filtration System
Backwashing yuav tsum tau thaum sib txawv siab nce; tsis txhob tos kom txog thaum lub effluent yog huab ua ntej pib.
Tswj qhov kev siv rov qab kom zoo zoo; Kev ntxuav tsis txaus rov qab yuav tsis ntxuav kom zoo, thaum rov qab ntxuav ntau dhau yuav ua rau lim xov xwm ploj.
Tsis tu ncua xyuas cov lim xov xwm thickness thiab ntxiv nws tam sim yog tias tsim nyog. Tsis tas li ntawd, xyuas cov dej faib cov kaus mom thiab cov txheej txheem txhawb nqa raws li cov dej ntws tawm.
Yog tias cov cuab yeej raug kaw rau lub sijhawm ntev, khaws cov dej hauv lub tank kom tsis txhob lim tawm los ntawm clumping thiab hardening.
Txheeb xyuas tus nqi iodine ntawm cov pa roj carbon activated thaum tuaj txog; yog tias nws qis dua tus nqi tsim, cov nyhuv adsorption yuav raug txo, thiab cov pa roj carbon activated yuav tsum tsis kam lees.
