Kev piav qhia ntxaws ntawm BOD₅/COD Indicators

Hauv kev lag luam kho dej khib nyiab, "dej biodegradability" yog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas tsis tuaj yeem zam tau, txawm tias hauv kev tsim qauv, kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm, lossis kev daws teeb meem. Nws ncaj qha txiav txim siab seb cov txheej txheem kev kho mob twg xaiv, seb cov qauv tso tawm puas tuaj yeem ua tau raws li, thiab txawm tias cuam tshuam rau cov nqi khiav lag luam thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm tag nrho cov dej khib nyiab.

Qhov feem ntau siv thiab intuitive taw qhia rau kev txiav txim ntawm cov dej khib nyiab biodegradability yog BOD₅ / COD piv- kev lag luam tus de facto "tus qauv kub": thaum BOD₅ / COD > 0.3, cov dej khib nyiab yog biodegradable yooj yim; nruab nrab ntawm 0.2 thiab 0.3, cov dej khib nyiab yog biodegradable; thiab <0.2, cov dej khib nyiab yog qhov nyuaj rau biodegrade.

Qhov no zoo li yooj yim txheej txheej ntawm qhov tseem ceeb zais qhov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev kho dej khib nyiab. Niaj hnub no, peb yuav piav qhia txog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb no hauv cov neeg ua haujlwm cov ntsiab lus, los ntawm kev txhais thiab kev txhais lus mus rau kev siv tswv yim, muaj feem cuam tshuam rau, thiab kev soj ntsuam ceev faj. Tau ntim nrog cov ntaub ntawv siv tau, nws yooj yim rau cov neeg ua haujlwm kho tshiab kom pib sai, thiab txawm tias cov kws tshaj lij tuaj yeem sau rau txhua qhov khoob hauv lawv txoj kev paub.

Txhawm rau kom nkag siab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm BOD₅/COD, peb yuav tsum xub qhia meej lub ntsiab lus ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus ntsuas -lawv ua zoo li ob "yardsticks" rau ntsuas cov pa phem hauv cov dej khib nyiab, tsuas yog ntsuas los ntawm ntau lub kaum ntse ntse.

1. COD: "Tag Nrho Tag Nrho Tag Nrho Cov Dej Num Hauv Dej"

COD sawv cev rau Chemical Oxygen Demand, uas yog hais txog cov pa oxygen noj thaum tag nrho cov pa phem oxidizable (xws li cov organic thiab inorganic teeb meem) hauv cov dej khib nyiab yog oxidized siv cov oxidant muaj zog (feem ntau potassium dichromate). Qhov ntsuas yog mg / L.

Cias muab, COD ntsuas qhov "sib npaug ntawm tag nrho cov oxidizable pa phem nyob rau hauv cov dej khib nyiab," tsis hais seb cov pa phem no puas tuaj yeem decomposed los ntawm cov kab mob. Nws cov yam ntxwv suav nrog kev tshawb pom sai thiab cov ntaub ntawv ruaj khov, ua rau nws feem ntau siv "qhov ntsuas pom sai" hauv kev kho dej khib nyiab kom ntsuas qhov ntsuas ntawm cov pa phem.

Piv txwv li, cov hlau hnyav thiab cov khoom muaj kuab lom hauv cov dej khib nyiab, thiab cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab thiab roj hauv cov dej phwj tuaj, txhua tus tuaj yeem oxidized los ntawm cov oxidants muaj zog thiab yuav suav nrog tus nqi COD. Yog li, COD tsuas yog qhia txog "kev ua paug hnyav npaum li cas," tab sis tsis yog "txawm tias cov pa phem no tuaj yeem raug kho los ntawm cov kab mob."

2. BOD₅: Tus nqi ntawm cov pa phem hauv cov dej khib nyiab uas tuaj yeem decomposed los ntawm cov kab mob.

BOD₅ stands rau Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), uas yog hais txog cov pa oxygen noj los ntawm cov kab mob hauv cov dej khib nyiab tshaj tsib hnub nyob rau hauv aerobic tej yam kev mob raws li cov organic teeb meem yog decomposed thiab metabolized. Qhov ntsuas kuj yog mg / L.

Tsis zoo li COD, BOD₅ tsuas yog ntsuas "organic teeb meem uas tuaj yeem decomposed los ntawm cov kab mob"- uas yog, cov pa phem uas cov kab mob tuaj yeem "siv tau." Txij li thaum lub hauv paus ntawm kev kho dej khib nyiab tso siab rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob hauv cov kab mob los hloov cov pa phem rau hauv cov dej tsis zoo thiab carbon dioxide, BOD₅ yog qhov taw qhia tseem ceeb ntawm "dej biodegradability."

Ob lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm no: Ua ntej, "tsib hnub"-vim microbial decomposition ntawm cov organic teeb meem yuav siv sij hawm, qhov kev pom zoo ntawm kev lag luam yog siv tsib hnub raws li lub sij hawm ntsuas tus qauv, uas zoo dua qhia qhov tseeb metabolic tus nqi ntawm cov kab mob hauv kev ua haujlwm; thib ob, "aerobic tej yam kev mob"-qhov no sib raug rau cov txheej txheem kho aerobic (xws li AO thiab MBR). Cov ntsuas ntsuas rau kev kho anaerobic yuav txawv, tab sis BOD₅ tseem yog qhov siv tau yooj yim.

BOD₅ / COD piv qhov tseem ceeb sawv cev rau qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm "organic teeb meem hauv dej khib nyiab uas tuaj yeem decomposed los ntawm cov kab mob" mus rau "txhua yam oxidizable pa phem hauv dej khib nyiab." Ib qho piv txwv siab dua qhia tau tias cov pa phem hauv cov dej khib nyiab tau yooj yim "siv" los ntawm cov kab mob, ua rau muaj kev ua kom zoo dua biodegradability; Qhov qis dua qhia tau hais tias ntau cov pa phem hauv cov dej khib nyiab yog qhov nyuaj rau cov kab mob kom decompose, ua rau tsis zoo biodegradability.

Cia peb ntxiv cov kev txhais lus ntawm peb qhov kev lag luam feem ntau siv, ua ke nrog cov xwm txheej ua haujlwm, ua kom yooj yim rau txhua tus neeg to taub:

1. BOD₅/COD > 0.3: Yooj yim Biodegradable, Kev Kho Mob Biological Nyiam

Thaum qhov sib piv ntau dua 0.3, nws txhais tau tias ntau dua 30% ntawm cov pa phem hauv cov dej khib nyiab tuaj yeem decomposed los ntawm cov kab mob, qhia tias biodegradability zoo. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov txheej txheem kev kho mob lom (xws li activated sludge, biofilm, A²O, MBR, thiab lwm yam) yog nyiam, kom ntseeg tau tias kev kho mob zoo thaum txo cov nqi khiav hauj lwm.

Cov piv txwv muaj xws li: cov dej phwj hauv tsev (BOD₅ / COD feem ntau ntawm 0.4 thiab 0.6) thiab cov khoom noj khoom haus cov dej khib nyiab (xws li cov dej khib nyiab hauv tsev tua tsiaj thiab cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, qhov sib piv tuaj yeem ncav cuag 0.5). Hom dej khib nyiab no yuav tsum tsis muaj kev kho ua ntej thiab tuaj yeem nkag ncaj qha rau hauv lub tank kho kab mob. Cov kab mob tuaj yeem ua kom cov pa phem tau zoo, thiab cov dej ntws tau yooj yim ua tau raws li COD thiab BOD₅ cov qauv tso tawm.

Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm thiab kev saib xyuas: Lub hauv paus ntawm kev khiav dej num ntawm hom dej khib nyiab no yog tswj cov kev txwv xws li DO (solved oxygen), MLSS (methanol{0}}blended solids), thiab F/M (sludge loading) nyob rau hauv lub tank kho cov kab mob kom ntseeg tau cov kab mob microbial. Qhov no tshem tawm qhov xav tau ntau ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg ntxiv, ua rau cov nqi khiav lag luam qis dua.

2. 0.2 Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug BOD₅/COD Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.3: Biodegradable, yuav tsum tau kho kom zoo dua qub

Cov dej khib nyiab nyob rau hauv qhov no muaj qhov nruab nrab biodegradability, txhais tau hais tias 20% mus rau 30% ntawm cov pa paug tuaj yeem decomposed los ntawm cov kab mob, tab sis muaj ntau cov kuab paug recalcitrant (xws li siab -molecular- hnyav cov organic teeb meem hauv qee cov dej khib nyiab) nyob. Hom dej khib nyiab no tsis tuaj yeem nkag ncaj qha mus rau hauv lub tank kev kho mob lom, txwv tsis pub nws yuav ua rau muaj cov kab mob microbial ntau dhau, txo kev kho mob, thiab txawm tias muaj teeb meem xws li sludge bulking thiab cov qauv dej ntau dhau.

Cov piv txwv muaj xws li: dyeing thiab luam ntawv cov dej khib nyiab, papermaking mid-stage wastewater, and some chemical wastewater. Hom dej khib nyiab no yuav tsum tau kho kom zoo dua qub los hloov cov khoom siv hluav taws xob recalcitrant mus rau hauv biodegradable organic teeb meem, nce BOD₅ / COD piv, ua ntej nkag mus rau hauv kev kho mob lom.

Cov txheej txheem pretreatment muaj xws li: oxidation siab heev (xws li Fenton oxidation thiab ozone oxidation), hydrolysis acidification (decomposing loj organic molecules rau hauv cov organic acids me me kom nce BOD₅ cov ntsiab lus), thiab coagulation sedimentation (tshem ib co recalcitrant suspended solids). Tom qab pretreatment, qhov piv ntawm feem ntau yuav nce mus rau saum toj no 0.3, ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ntawm kev kho mob lom.

Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm thiab kev saib xyuas: Kev tswj cov theem ua ntej yog qhov tseem ceeb. Piv txwv li, qhov ntau npaum ntawm Fenton oxidation reagent thiab lub sij hawm tuav ntawm hydrolysis acidification yuav cuam tshuam qhov piv ntawm kev txhim kho cov nyhuv. Hauv theem kev kho mob lom neeg, lub hnub nyoog sludge thiab cov pa roj carbon ntau npaum li cas yuav tsum tau hloov kho kom tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej tias cov kab mob tuaj yeem ua kom cov pa phem tau zoo.

3. BOD₅/COD <0.2: Kev kho biochemical tsis zoo.

Thaum qhov sib piv tsawg dua 0.2, nws qhia tau tias tsawg dua 20% ntawm cov pa phem hauv cov dej khib nyiab tuaj yeem decomposed los ntawm cov kab mob; feem ntau yog cov tshuaj recalcitrant (xws li cov hlau hnyav, cov khoom muaj kuab lom, thiab cov khoom hnyav molecular). Kev quab yuam biochemical kev kho mob ntawm cov dej khib nyiab no yuav tsis tsuas yog ua rau kev kho mob tsawg kawg nkaus xwb tab sis kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev qhuav dej ntawm cov kab mob biochemical vim qhov inhibition ntawm microbial kev ua los ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg, uas ua rau cov dej tsis zoo uas tsis ua raws li cov qauv.

Cov piv txwv muaj xws li: cov dej khib nyiab tshuaj (xws li cov dej khib nyiab pov tseg thiab cov dej khib nyiab pov tseg), cov dej khib nyiab electroplating, thiab siab - cov dej khib nyiab organic (tom qab ntev - lub sij hawm degradation). Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau kev kho cov dej khib nyiab no yog "kev kho lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg raws li txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb, ntxiv los ntawm kev kho biochemical," lossis txawm tias tsis muaj kev kho biochemical txhua.

Cov kev kho mob muaj xws li: lub cev adsorption (xws li activated carbon adsorption), tshuaj los nag, oxidation siab heev, thiab membrane sib cais (xws li ultrafiltration thiab thim rov qab osmosis), uas ncaj qha tshem tawm cov pa phem los ntawm lub cev los yog tshuaj txhais tau tias, es tsis txhob cia siab rau microbial metabolism. Yog tias kev kho mob lom neeg tiag tiag, kev kho mob siab heev yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej kom nce BOD₅ / COD piv rau saum 0.2. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov tshuaj lom - cov kab mob resistant yuav tsum tau ntxiv thiab maj mam ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.

Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm Kev Ua Haujlwm: Tsom ntsoov rau kev tswj xyuas cov txiaj ntsig kev kho mob ntawm theem pretreatment, saib xyuas cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tshuaj lom hauv cov dej khib nyiab kom tsis txhob nkag mus rau hauv cov kab mob lom. Yog tias siv cov khoom siv roj ntsha, cov kev txwv xws li load, kub, thiab pH yuav tsum tau tswj nruj me ntsis kom tsis txhob muaj kab mob microbial.

Ntau tus neeg ua haujlwm thiab tu cov neeg ua haujlwm ntsib qhov teeb meem uas BOD₅ / COD piv ntawm tib pawg ntawm cov dej khib nyiab sib txawv ntawm lub sijhawm sib txawv, qee zaum txawm tias hloov pauv ntau. Qhov no yog vim qhov piv txwv cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau yam. Kev nkag siab txog cov xwm txheej no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txiav txim siab biodegradability kom raug thiab zam kev txiav txim tsis raug.

1. Cov dej khib nyiab zoo nws tus kheej (Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws)

Cov hom ntawm cov organic teeb meem hauv cov dej khib nyiab ncaj qha txiav txim siab qhov sib piv: qhov siab dua cov ntsiab lus ntawm biodegradable organic teeb meem (xws li qab zib, proteins, thiab roj), qhov siab dua BOD₅ thiab qhov sib piv loj dua; Qhov siab dua cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov organic teeb meem tsis tu ncua (xws li cov tshuaj tsw qab, cov hlau hnyav, thiab cov kuab tshuaj organic), qhov siab dua COD, tab sis BOD₅ tsis hloov ntau, ua rau muaj qhov sib piv me me.

Piv txwv li, cov dej khib nyiab hauv tsev muaj ntau dua biodegradable organic teeb meem, ua rau muaj qhov sib piv ntau dua; thaum cov dej khib nyiab muaj cov organic teeb meem ntau dua, ua rau qis dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, pH thiab qhov kub thiab txias hauv dej khib nyiab kuj cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm microbial, cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau BOD₅ cov txiaj ntsig kev xeem, thiab yog li qhov piv.

2. Kev kuaj pom yuam kev (Easy Overlooked)

Ob txoj kev tshawb nrhiav BOD₅ thiab COD muaj cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm nruj. Kev ua haujlwm tsis raug ntawm txhua kauj ruam tuaj yeem ua rau pom qhov yuam kev, cuam tshuam rau qhov sib piv.

Piv txwv li, hauv kev kuaj COD, kev siv tshuaj oxidant tsis txaus lossis lub sijhawm cua sov tsis txaus yuav ua rau tus nqi COD qis dua, ua rau muaj qhov sib piv ntau dua. Ib yam li ntawd, hauv kev sim BOD₅, cov qauv dej tsis zoo los yog kab lis kev cai kub sib txawv ntawm 20℃± 1℃yuav ua rau qhov tsis raug BOD₅ qhov tseem ceeb, cuam tshuam rau kev txhais piv.

Daim ntawv pom zoo: Ua raws li cov qauv hauv lub tebchaws thaum lub sijhawm kuaj, ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas tsis tu ncua, thiab ua cov qauv sib piv kom ntseeg tau cov ntaub ntawv ruaj khov. Tsis txhob ua yuam kev hauv kev xaiv cov txheej txheem lossis kev hloov kho kev ua haujlwm vim qhov kev xeem yuam kev.

3. Lub Sijhawm Retention thiab Pretreatment

Lub sij hawm khaws cia ntau dhau ntawm cov dej khib nyiab hauv cov kav dej lossis cov tank sib npaug yuav ua rau qee cov organic teeb meem ua ntej decomposed los ntawm cov kab mob, ua rau txo qis BOD₅ cov ntsiab lus thiab qis dua. Piv txwv li, lub sij hawm khaws cia tsis txaus ua rau tsis tiav degradation ntawm cov organic teeb meem, siab dua BOD₅ cov ntsiab lus, thiab ntau dua.

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov txheej txheem pretreatment kuj cuam tshuam rau qhov piv: piv txwv li, hydrolysis acidification pretreatment nce BOD₅ cov ntsiab lus, ua rau qhov sib piv nce; coagulation thiab sedimentation pretreatment tshem tawm ib co organic teeb meem, thiab yog hais tias lub tshem tawm cov organic teeb meem yog yooj yim degradable, nws yuav ua rau ib tug txo nyob rau hauv BOD₅ thiab ib tug tsawg ratio.

4. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov khoom tsim kev puas tsuaj

Yog tias cov dej khib nyiab muaj cov tshuaj lom xws li cov hlau hnyav, cov kab mob bactericides, thiab phenols, nws yuav cuam tshuam cov kab mob microbial, ua rau qis BOD₅ nyeem ntawv (vim tias cov kab mob tsis tuaj yeem decompose organic teeb meem zoo), tab sis COD nyeem ntawv tseem tsis cuam tshuam, yog li ua rau qhov sib piv qis dua.

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib tug tsawg ratio tsis tas yuav qhia tsis zoo biodegradability, tab sis, theej hais tias cov tshuaj lom inhibits microorganisms. Hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, cov tshuaj lom yuav tsum raug tshem tawm ua ntej ua ntej ntsuas qhov sib piv kom raug txiav txim siab biodegradability.

Kev nkag siab lub ntsiab lus thiab cuam tshuam ntawm BOD₅ / COD piv yog qhov tseem ceeb, tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau kawm paub siv nws los qhia kev ua haujlwm zoo li cas -txawm nws yog tus txheej txheem tsim cov nroj tsuag dej khib nyiab tshiab lossis kev hloov kho ntawm ib qho uas twb muaj lawm, qhov ntsuas no ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb.

1. Txheej txheem tsim theem: Txiav txim siab cov txheej txheem kev kho mob tseem ceeb

Thaum tsim lub chaw kho dej khib nyiab tshiab, thawj kauj ruam yog sim BOD₅ / COD piv ntawm cov dej khib nyiab. Raws li qhov sib piv, xaiv cov txheej txheem kho kom tsim nyog:

- Ratio > 0.3: Ua ntej cov txheej txheem kev kho mob lom neeg, xws li A²O, MBR, SBR, thiab lwm yam, tshem tawm qhov xav tau kev kho mob nyuaj thiab txo cov nqi peev;

- 0.2 Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau Qhov Ntsuas Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.3: Siv kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm "pretreatment + biological treatment." Pretreatment xaiv muaj xws li hydrolysis acidification, advanced oxidation, thiab lwm yam, los txhim kho biodegradability ua ntej nkag mus rau hauv cov kab mob lom;

- Ratio < 0.2: Feem ntau siv physicochemical kev kho mob, xws li advanced oxidation, membrane sib cais, activated carbon adsorption, thiab lwm yam., supplemented los ntawm kev kho mob lom thaum tsim nyog (yuav tsum tau sib sib zog nqus acclimatization ntawm microorganisms).

2. Kev Hloov Kho Kev Ua Haujlwm: Txhim kho cov txheej txheem tsis zoo thiab daws teeb meem kev ua haujlwm

Rau cov chaw kho dej khib nyiab uas twb muaj lawm, BOD₅ / COD piv yog "weathervane" rau kev hloov kho. Cov xwm txheej ntawm daim ntawv thov feem ntau yog raws li hauv qab no:

(1) Effluent COD exceeds the standard, but the ratio is normal (>0.3): Qhov no qhia txog kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm cov kab mob lom, tejzaum nws yog vim tsis txaus DO, sludge aging, lossis ntau dhau. Tsis muaj xws li aeration ntim, sludge paug ntim, thiab rov qab piv yuav tsum tau hloov kho kom rov ua haujlwm microbial.

(2) Effluent COD tshaj tus qauv, tab sis qhov sib piv qis (<0.3): This indicates excessive recalcitrant pollutants in the wastewater. Pretreatment needs to be strengthened to increase the ratio, or the dosage of chemical agents needs to be increased to assist in removing recalcitrant pollutants.

(3) Kev poob qis ntawm qhov sib piv: Tshawb xyuas seb puas muaj tshuaj lom lossis puas tsuaj tau nkag mus, seb puas muaj qhov yuam kev hauv kev tshawb nrhiav, lossis seb lub sijhawm khaws cov dej khib nyiab ntev dhau lawm. Siv cov kev ntsuas raws sij hawm (xws li nres dej ntws, hloov dej, lossis ntxiv dag zog ua ntej).

(4) Kev hloov pauv ntau dhau ntawm qhov sib piv: Ua kom zoo rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tank sib npaug, txuas ntxiv lub sijhawm khaws cia, homogenize cov dej zoo, thiab tsis txhob cuam tshuam cov dej tsis zoo uas ua rau qhov sib piv hloov pauv, yog li cuam tshuam rau kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov kab mob lom neeg . 3. Kev daws teeb meem Theem: Ceev nrooj nrhiav hauv paus cag.

Thaum qhov kev kho dej khib nyiab ua haujlwm tsis zoo (piv txwv li, sludge bulking, cov qauv dej ntau dhau), kev sim BOD₅ / COD piv tuaj yeem txo qhov kev daws teeb meem sai:

- Ib txwm piv, tab sis sludge bulking: Qhov no feem ntau yuav yog vim muaj kev tswj tsis raug ntawm biochemical tsis zoo (xws li, tsis txaus DO, siab F / M ratio), ntau dua li qhov teeb meem biodegradability;

- Tsawg tus nqi, thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm cov kab mob microbial: Qhov no feem ntau yuav yog vim muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm cov tshuaj lom lossis cov pa phem ntau dhau, yuav tsum tau tshawb xyuas meej txog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab kev kho kom zoo dua qub.

1. Core Logic: BOD₅ / COD piv yog qhov piv ntawm "cov pa phem uas tuaj yeem decomposed los ntawm cov kab mob" mus rau "tag nrho cov pa phem." Qhov siab dua qhov piv, qhov zoo dua qhov biodegradability.

2. Standard Range: >0.3: Yooj yim biodegradable (feem ntau biochemical); 0.2 ~ 0.3: Biodegradable (pretreatment + biochemical);<0.2: Difficult to biodegrade (primarily physicochemical).

3. Daim Ntawv Thov: Siv qhov piv rau kev tsim thiab kev xaiv txheej txheem; siv qhov piv rau kev ua haujlwm thiab kev hloov pauv; siv qhov piv rau kev daws teeb meem thiab kev txheeb xyuas hauv paus.

Rau kev kho dej khib nyiab thiab kev saib xyuas cov neeg ua haujlwm, BOD₅ / COD piv tsis yog tus lej lej yooj yim xwb, tab sis yog "cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb" coj peb txoj haujlwm. Mastering nws cov kev txhais lus thiab daim ntawv thov scenarios tso cai rau kom meej meej tswj ntawm cov txheej txheem kev khiav hauj lwm, txo nqi kho mob, thiab xyuas kom meej effluent raws li cov qauv.

Thaum kawg, ceeb toom: Hauv kev xyaum, ib tus tsis tuaj yeem tso siab rau ntawm BOD₅ / COD piv. Nws tseem yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab txog yam xws li pH, qhov kub thiab txias, thiab cov ntsiab lus tshuaj lom ntawm cov dej khib nyiab los ua cov txheej txheem tsim nyog tshaj plaws thiab kev hloov kho kev ua haujlwm.