Nkag siab ua haujlwm sludge (II) - Yuav ua li cas kom muaj microorganisms 'deev'!

Cov lus qhia: Cov ntaub ntawv dhau los tau sib tham txog keeb kwm thiab cov qauv microbial qauv ntawm kev ua haujlwm sludge. Cov ntaub ntawv no tsom rau "Yuav ua li cas khaws cov kab mob me me ua me nyuam." Peb txhua tus paub tias thaum ib puag ncig yog tsim nyog rau kev luam tawm, cov muaj sia (cov nroj tsuag, tsiaj, thiab cov tsiaj txhu thiab cov kab mob me me) ib txwm nkag mus rau hauv lub xeev me nyuam; Thaum ib puag ncig poob, muaj sia nres nres kev rov ua dua tshiab. Yog tias peb siv tib neeg txoj kev muaj me nyuam "uas yog ib qho kev sib tw, cov hluas niaj hnub no fim peb txoj kev nyuaj: Kev kawm ntawv, thiab vaj tse. Peb txoj kev sib txawv cuam tshuam qhov lawv tau txais kev cuam tshuam rau cov menyuam. Ntawm chav kawm, cov kab mob me tsis muaj ntau yam yuav tsum tau ua, tsis ua lawv xav tau tsheb lossis tsev. Tsuav ib puag ncig cov dej ib puag ncig ua rau cov pa oxygen, pH, thiab cov as-ham, lawv tuaj yeem loj hlob sai!

Cov kab mob me me muaj lawv txoj kev nkhaus, thiab lawv cov txheej txheem kev loj hlob hloov nrog kev muaj cov as-ham. Nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig txhais tau, tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm sab nraud yam, txoj kev loj hlob nkhaus ntawm cov kab mob me ntawm cov kab mob sib xyaw ua ke rau daim duab hauv qab no. Cov txheej txheem kev loj hlob muaj plaub theem: kev yoog raws theem (hloov kho theem), logarithmic kev loj hlob theem, deceleration kev loj hlob theem, thiab endogenous pa. Thaum cov microorganisms nkag mus rau lwm qhov chaw tshiab, muaj lub sijhawm hloov kho thaum lawv cov lej tseem nyob sib luag.

Slude kev loj hlob nkhaus (piv txwv li, microbial kev nkhaus)

Cov concentration ntawm cov microorganisms muaj tus nqi pib, uas sawv cev tus nqi ntawm sludge ntxiv thaum pib pib ntawm kev kho roj ntsha. Sij hawm dhau mus, qhov sludge concathing elastually nce. Feem ntau, cov sludge concentration nyob rau hauv lub aerobic roj cariological kev kho mob tuaj yeem tswj hwm ntawm 3000-5000 mg / l. Lub sludge concentration yog nyob ntawm lub cev concentration ntawm tus nqi; Qhov siab dua lub hauv siab, ntau dua qhov sludge concentration uas tuaj yeem tswj hwm.

Hauv kev kho mob ntsig txog kev kho mob muaj roj ntsha ua rau lub zog kho mob yog tswj kev txiav txim siab theem thiab theem thaum kawg kev ua pa. Nws tuaj yeem pom tau tias sludge concentration sib txawv nyob raws li hom kev ua haujlwm ntawm hom kev kho roj ntsha.

Nyob rau hauv kev ua si tshwj xeeb, tseem hu ua plug Flationation maj mam poob thaum lub sij hawm propulsion, thiab sludge kev loj hlob yog tswj tau thaum lub sij hawm deceleration kev loj hlob theem. Qee tus yuav nug, Txoj cai no tau tswj hwm li cas? Qhov no yog tiav los ntawm sludge recirculation thiab slude tshem kev ntsuas!

Ua tiav cov sib xyaw txhais tau hais tias txhua ntu ntawm kev kho ntsha ua lag luam tank muaj raws li tib qho kev mob (piv txwv li, purrolled concentration, pho, yaj oxygen, thiab lwm yam). Txheej txheem kev kho mob muaj kev kho mob (xws li cov txheej txheem SBR tau hais ua ntej lawm

Txuas ntxiv Aeration (SRT) siv cov chaw thau khoom tsawg heev hauv kev tsim qauv hauv kev tsim qauv, ua rau muaj kev txo qis hauv kev kho roj ntsha. Cov txheej txheem no ua haujlwm hauv kev ua pa thaum kawg ntawm kev nkhaus, xav tau ib lub sijhawm organic loj hlob thiab lub sijhawm ntev, feem ntau 20-30 hnub rau SRT thiab 24 teev rau HRT. Cov txheej txheem no feem ntau tsis siv thawj lub chaw ua haujlwm kom loj.

Yaj oxygen concentration nkhaus

Yog tsis muaj sab nraud yaj oxygen ntxiv, cov pa oxygen hauv cov dej maj mam txo raws li pom hauv daim duab. Ntawm chav kawm, yaj oxygen yuav tsum tau muab ntxiv rau hauv kev kho roj ntsha kom muaj kev kho tus nqi tseem ceeb.

Purutrant Concentration Nkhaus Nkhaus

Bod tuaj yeem, rau qee qhov, qhia txog kev pom ntawm cov pa paug nyob hauv dej (raws li tau hais ua ntej, COD zoo siv hauv tank ntim tsim). Sij hawm dhau los, tus kuab paug lub siab txo qis rau theem rho tawm.

Raws li qhov ntsuas kub haum, txaus txaus zam oxygen thiab cov as-m ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus uas muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom noj khoom haus uas muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tus nqi, thiab flocculation thiab adsorption cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua haujlwm sludge.

Kev yoog cov theem (Cov theem hloov kho): Kuj tau hu ua cov theem hloov kho, qhov no yog thawj theem ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm sludge sau qoob. Cov kab mob me tsis nthuav tawm, tab sis kev hloov pauv tau pib tshwm sim. Cov theem no sib haum rau thawj feem ntawm kev nkhaus ntawm kev nkhaus hauv daim duab thiab feem ntau luv nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm. Hauv cov theem tom qab ntawm cov theem hloov kho, cov microbial enzyme system tau yoog raws li ib puag ncig tshiab, thiab cov kab mob ntawm tus kheej pib faib, thiab cov kab mob pib sib faib.

Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev loj hlob: Cov F / m ua haujlwm tau yog qhov loj, organic substrate yog ntau, thiab ua haujlwm sludge kev ua si yog siab. Cov kab mob me me ib txhij nqus cov organic substrate ntawm tus nqi siab tshaj thiab cov lus txhawb siab ntawm cov siab tshaj plaws, ua tiav. Nyob rau theem no, kev ua haujlwm zoo rau kev tshem cov teeb meem organic, thiab sludge kev loj hlob tsis yog txwv los ntawm cov txiaj ntsig zoo tab sis tsuas yog los ntawm microbial concentration. Txawm li cas los xij, cov sludge muaj tsis zoo flocculation yam ntxwv, yog qhov nyuaj los khom, thiab muaj kev kho mob tsis zoo.

Decelerated txoj kev loj hlob theem: kev ua haujlwm sludge kev loj hlob tus nqi txo qis, f / m piv tau txuas ntxiv poob qis, thiab kev loj hlob yog txwv los ntawm cov organic cov as-organic. Qhov no yog cov theem uas raug ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov txheej txheem sludge. Nyob rau theem no, cov teeb meem organic hauv cov dej khib nyiab tuaj yeem tshem tawm ntau, thiab cov sludge muaj flocculation zoo thiab kev tawm tsam zoo.

Endogenous metabolism theem: cov as-ham yog txo qis. Tsis tuaj yeem tau txais cov as-ham txaus, cov sludge tau pib pib siv nws sab hauv, piv txwv li, nws yog nyob rau hauv tus kheej- oxidation theem. Nyob rau theem no, cov sludge muaj qib siab ntawm inorganicization thiab zoo teeb tsa cov khoom, tab sis tsis zoo flocculation, thiab slude maj mam txo. Txawm li cas los xij, txij li cov seem ntawm kev ua pa thaum kawg feem ntau nyuaj {{} {} {} {{} dem shouldes tsis tuaj yeem ploj mus.

Ntau ntau yam yuav cuam tshuam microbial kev loj hlob, suav nrog cov as-ham, kub, pH, yaj cov pa, thiab tshuaj lom thiab lom. Tau kawg, ntau hom microorganisms muaj sib txawv kev ua siab ntev rau cov yam no. Hom cov kab mob me me hauv cov kab mob uas muaj cov kab mob Aerobic (cov kab mob ancenifia, fermunate bacteria, fermunate - txo cov kab mob. Yog li ntawd, ntev li ntev tau raws li cov ntsiab lus no tau khaws cia nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj, kev loj hlob microbial sai yuav ua tiav.

As-ham
Thaum lub neej ua haujlwm ntawm cov microorganisms, lawv yuav tsum tau nqus cov khoom tseem ceeb los ntawm cov khoom siv ib puag ncig, suav nrog: Cov ntsev roj av, thiab qee yam kev loj hlob yam. Cov dej khib nyiab yuav tsum tau kho yuav tsum muaj cov tshuaj uas muaj txaus.

Cov pa roj carbon yog ib qho tseem ceeb txheej txheem ntawm cov microbial. Cov kab mob me me koom nrog kev kho mob sludge muaj qhov xav tau ntawm cov pa roj carbon ntau, feem ntau tsis tsawg dua 100 mg / l (xam raws li Bod5).

Nitrogen yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom muaj protein thiab nucleic acids nyob rau hauv microbial hlwb. Nitrogen qhov chaw tuaj yeem tuaj ntawm cov inorganic nitrogen suav xws li N2, NH3, thiab tsis muaj cov egrogic nitrogen xws li cov protein thiab amino acids.

Phosphorus yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov synthesch ntawm nuclechortins, lecithin, thiab lwm yam phosphorus tebchaw, ua si lub luag haujlwm phosphorus, ua si ib lub metabolism hauv microbolism thiab cov khoom hloov pauv. Coenzyme Kuv, Coenzyme II, thiab Adenosine Monophosphate (ATP) txhua tus muaj phosphorus. Cov kab mob me me feem ntau tau txais phosphorus los ntawm inorganic phosphorus tebchaw. Cov ntaub ntawv phosphorus tsis txaus yuav cuam tshuam enzyme kev ua si, yog li cuam tshuam cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev ntawm cov microorganisms.

Feem ntau, cov lus piv ntawm peb cov khoom noj khoom haus loj (carbon, nitrogen, thiab phosphorus) yog BOD: N: P=100: 5: 1. Tsis tas li ntawd, kab kawm xws li leej faj, sodium, potassium, calcium, magassium, thiab ntaus cov yeeb yam tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem kev loj hlob.

Yaj oxygen

Cov microbial muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog kev tawm haujlwm hauv lub nkoj, thiab cov tsheb thauj khoom siv anoxic, tso tsheb hlau luam anoxic, tso tsheb hlau hydrolysis. Raws li kev ua haujlwm, cov pa oxygen conctration hauv lub aerobic tank yuav tsum tau tswj hwm ntawm 2-4 mg / l. Nyob rau hauv cov hydrolysis thiab anoxic tso tsheb hlau luam, uas yog ib qho kev xav ntawm cov pa oxygen yog tso cai, feem ntau ntawm 0.2-0.5 mg / l. Lub anaerobic tank yog qhov chaw anaerobic nruj me ntsis; Txhawm rau kom muaj cov txheej txheem hydrolysis thiab cov txheej txheem fermentation, muaj cov pa oxygen tsis pub.

Duav oxygen yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev kho kom muaj dej lwg. Yog hais tias tus lej yaj nyob rau hauv lub aerobic tank yog tsawg dhau, kev loj hlob ntawm nitrament cov kab mob yuav nthuav tawm sai sai, ua rau sludge bulking.

PH TSEG: Cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev ntawm cov microorganisms yog ze rau cov pH ntawm ib puag ncig. Cov kab mob me tsuas tsuas yog nqa tawm cov haujlwm ntawm lub cev ib txwm muaj nyob hauv cov kev mob uas tsim nyog. Txoj kev ua kom zoo tshaj plaws rau cov kab mob rau cov kab mob muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog kev kho kom zoo yog feem ntau ntawm 6.5 thiab 8.5. Cov kab mob sib txawv muaj ntau haiv neeg sib txawv; Hydrolytic cov kab mob muaj hom sib luag ntawm 5.5 thiab 7.5, thaum muaj cov kab mob aerobic muaj cov kab ntawm 6.5 thiab 8.5.

Qho so
Kub yog qhov tseem ceeb rau microbial kev loj hlob. Feem ntau cov kab mob sib piv tau koom nrog kev kho mob sludge yog thermophilic, nrog rau ib qho kev kub siab ntawm 10-45 degree. Txhawm rau kom muaj kev ua haujlwm tsim nyog, dej kub nyob rau hauv kev kho roj ntsha yog feem ntau tswj ntawm 15-35 degree; Microbial kev loj hlob qeeb qeeb hauv qab 5 degree. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kab mob anaerobic muaj ntau cov tso tsheb hlau luam ntau dua li aerobic cov tsheb hlau luam yog nruab nrog rwb thaiv tsev thiab cov khoom siv cua sov.

Tshuaj lom neeg
"Tshuaj lom neeg" xa mus rau qee yam kev ua yeeb yam thiab cov organic uas thaiv cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob ntawm cov microrganism. Cov no feem ntau yog suav nrog cov hlau hnyav (xws li zinc, tooj liab, thiab lwm yam uas tsis yog duab, aldehydes, Cykas, Sulfides, thiab lwm yam). Cov tshuaj lom cov teebmeem ntawm cov tshuaj lom ntawm cov kab mob lom zem ntawm cov microorganisms yog qhov ntau; Kev Lom Zem thiab Inhibition tsuas yog ua kom pom tseeb thaum cov tshuaj lom mus txog qee qhov kev xav hauv ib puag ncig. Ntev npaum li lub concentration ntawm ntau yam tshuaj lom neeg nyob rau hauv dej ntas nyob hauv qab qib no, lub cev muaj nuj nqis ntawm cov microorganism tsis cuam tshuam dab tsi.

Micrradial tshem tawm thiab kev nyuaj siab ntawm cov pa paug pollutants ntawm ob qho txheej txheem: adsorption thiab metabolism thiab kev ua kom tsis taus).

Adsorption txheej txheem: Hauv lub sijhawm luv luv tom qab dej tsis tau los ntawm kev sib cuag nrog thiab qhib cov sludge, organic paug nyob hauv cov dej ua pov thawj. Qhov kev pib no siab - Ceev tshem tawm kev tshwm sim ceev yog qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sib txuam ntawm lub cev thiab kev kos duab roj ntsha. Thaum lub sijhawm cov txheej txheem no, cov organic substrate hauv cov cawv sib xyaw tsawg zuj zus sai. Qhov no yog vim tias cov sludge tau txais ntau thaj chaw loj thiab yog enricganisms nrog cov kab mob loj ntawm nws cov npoo av, npog los ntawm polysaccharide {}} nplua nuj txheej. Thaum raug tshem tawm thiab colloidal organic substrates nyob rau hauv lub chaw lim dej tuaj rau hauv kev ua kom nrawm nrawm thiab adsoron hu ua "thawj zaug adsorption."

Thawj cov txheej txheem adsorption kev tawm tsam sai heev, feem ntau ua tiav nyob rau hauv 30 feeb. Qhov kev tshaj tawm kev tawm ntawm cov neeg lim dej tuaj yeem ncav cuag 70%, thiab rau cov dej khib nyiab uas muaj cov teeb meem loj me thiab colloidal cov teeb meem, lub cev tuaj yeem txo qis los ntawm 80% -90%. Thawj Adsorption tus nqi feem ntau yog nyob ntawm cov kev ua ntawm cov kab mob sib txawv thiab kev decamics hydraulic dynamics nyob rau hauv reactor. Cov yav dhau los txiav txim siab cov adsorption thiab flocculation kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev ua kom zoo nkauj, thaum lub tom kawg txiav txim siab ntawm kev ua kom zoo nkauj ntawm kev ua kom zoo nkauj flocs thiab cov organic substrate.

Cov txheej txheem metabolic: organic kuab paug adsorbed nyob rau saum npoo ntawm activated sludge microbial yog metabolized. Yaj thiab me me -} molecule organic teeb meem ncaj qha permeates cell phab ntsa rau hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm permeaymes enzymes, uas qhov uas nws nyob rau hauv metegoes. Colloidal thiab tshem tawm loj- molecule cov teeb meem, xws li cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab thiab protein, yog thawj}}}}}}}} ua ntej nkag mus rau ntawm tes. Ib zaug hauv cell, organic paug oxicants yog maj oxidized thiab decomposed rau hauv ruaj khov inorganic cov khoom, xws li cathymes enzymes, tso lub zog rau tes hluavtaws. Hauv cov txheej txheem no, organic muaj teeb meem yog hloov mus rau cov khoom yooj yim, ruaj khov cov tshuaj uas los ntawm biochemical kev tawm tsam, ua tiav cov pa paug tshem tawm.