Taw qhia: Muaj ob qho cim qhia tseem ceeb rau cov neeg muaj kuab paug organic nyob rau hauv Wastewater: Cod thiab lub cev. Lwm qhov ntsuas tau, xws li TOC (tag nrho cov kabmob organic), tshwm sim tsawg dua. Nyob rau hauv luv luv, cod ua tau zoo cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov muaj kuab paug organic hauv dej thiab muaj lub sijhawm luv luv, yog li nws feem ntau siv rau kev tsim qauv engineering. Lub cev, ntawm qhov tod tes, sawv cev cov organic yooj yim hauv dej lwg, tab sis tsis tas yuav yog qhov tsis - biodegradable feem. Lub BOD / Cod piv yog siv los qhia cov biodegradity ntawm wantewater; Ib qho piv> 0.3 qhia tau zoo biodegradability.
Qhov laj thawj yog tsis tuaj yeem ua tsis tau cov ntsiab lus ntawm txhua cov pa phem nyob rau hauv dej huv, tshwj xeeb yog rau cov neeg sau qoob loo, tshwj xeeb rau kev nyeem ntawv tsawg, qhov twg ntawm kev nyeem yog qhov tsawg. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis txhais tau tias cov ntaub ntawv pov tseg tsis tuaj yeem raug kho kev kho mob; Theej, nws yuav tsum tau cov hau kev xws li kev siv hydrolysis lossis qib eesidation kom txhim kho nws cov biodegradity. Feem ntau cov organic muaj teeb meem yog biodegradable.
Kev txhais thiab Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Cov Qauv ntawm Cod
1. Cod (Kev Xav Tau Cov Tshuaj Ntsuam Xyuas)
Tshuaj lom neeg cov pa oxygen nug txog cov oxygen tau noj los ntawm cov organic teeb meem hauv dej uas tuaj yeem yog cov poov tshuaj dichromate lossis cov poov tshuaj permanganate). Chav tsev yog mg / l.
2. Cov yam ntxwv
Nws qhia txog tag nrho cov nyiaj ntawm txhua yam tshuaj lom oxidizable pollingants hauv dej, suav nrog recalcitrant organic.
3. Lub Luag Haujlwm Ntawm Cod
Nws tau ntsuas sai sai ntawm cov℃ntawm dej paug, kev kho cov kev kho kom haum rau kev kho kom muaj kev kho kom muaj kev kho kom muaj kev kho kom zoo; Nws kuaj tau recalcitrant organic teeb meem (xws li tshuaj tua kab thiab polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), soj ntsuam seb puas muaj pob txha pob khaus ua tau raws cov qauv.
4. Lwm cov lus sau tseg
Cod yog qhia nyob rau hauv ob txoj kev: codmn thiab codmn (tseem hu ua permanganate index), sawv cev rau kev noj ntawm ob txawv oxidants.
Ntawm chav kawm, ntsuas ntsuas tus ntsuas tus nqi tsis tas yuav tsum muaj cov organic txhua yam. Txhua yam tshuaj uas txo tau oxidized los ntawm permanganate thiab dichromate, xws li sodium sulfide thiab ferrous sulfate nyob rau hauv dej lwg. Rau cov tshuaj nrog tau txhais kom meej meej txo cov khoom, cuam tshuam yuav tsum raug tshem tawm. Lub hom phiaj rau kev ntsuas COD yog, tau kawg, cov organic teeb meem.
5. Cov hau kev ntsuas
Poov tshuaj dichromate txoj kev (txheem txujci):
1. Refe kua dej coj mus ua piv txwv nrog cov pa oxidant muaj zog (potassium dichromate) thiab mloog cov sulfuric acid ntawm kub;
2. Kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov unrreduced oxidant los ntawm titration lossis spectrophotometry, thiab xam cov pa oxygen.
Cov txheej txheem Potassium permanganate txoj kev (ceev ceev kev):
Tib cov txheej txheem, tab sis cov oxidant yog hloov nrog poov tshuaj permanganate.
Nco tseg: tus nqi ntawm oxidant noj yuav tsum tau hloov mus rau hauv tus nqi ntawm cov pa. Qhov no yog xam los ntawm kev sib txig sib luag ntawm electron hloov chaw. Piv txwv li, siv ib chav ntawm cov poov tshuaj dichromate transfers 2 hluav taws xob, thaum siv ib chav ntawm oxygen transfers 4 electrons.
Kev Txhais Tes thiab Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Cov Qauv ntawm Bod
1. Bod (biochemical oxygen thov)
Biochemical cov pa oxygen xav tau hais txog tus nqi ntawm cov kab mob uas tsis muaj teeb meem hauv dej ntawm cov ntsuas kub tshwj xeeb (feem ntau 20 hnub), ntsuas hauv mg / l.
Cov lus piav qhia: Cov txheej txheem degradation ntawm organic kuab paug los ntawm aerobic cov kab mob tau muab faib ua ob theem. Hauv thawj theem, cov organic muaj teeb meem yog hloov mus rau carbon dioxide, dej, thiab ammonia; Hauv theem ob, ammonia nitrogen yog hloov mus rau hauv nitrate nitrogen. Thawj theem feem ntau yuav siv sijhawm 20 hnub los ua tiav, ua rau muaj nuj nqis bod20. Txawm li cas los xij, lub sijhawm no cov ncej no ntev dhau (tos cov ntaub ntawv feem ntau lig), yog li ntawd lub Bod5 tshwm sim tau ntsuas dua li tsib hnub feem ntau yog siv los ua biochemical pa oxygen thov (bod). Bod5 feem ntau cov account rau kwv yees li 70% ntawm lub bod hauv thawj theem.
2. Cov yam ntxwv
Nws tsuas yog qhia txog kev ua qias tuaj ntawm cov khoom muaj teeb meem yooj yim.
3. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub cev
Nws ntsuas tus kheej - purification muaj peev xwm ntawm cov dej lub cev thiab kev kho mob ntawm cov khoom siv dej khib nyiab; Nws qhia txog qhov cuam tshuam muaj peev xwm ntawm biodegradable organic teeb meem ntawm cov ecosystem (piv txwv li, ua rau oxygen exepetion hauv ntses).
4. Cov hau kev ntsuas
Dilution inoculation txheej txheem (bod₅)
1. Tom qab diluting cov qauv dej, ntxiv cov as-ham thiab microbial inoculum, thiab ntim rau hauv lub raj mis lub raj mis.
2. Txo thaum 20℃hauv qhov tsaus rau 5 hnub, thiab ntsuas qhov sib txawv hauv cov pa oxygen ua ntej thiab tom qab inoculation.
3. PH thiab ntsuas kub yuav tsum tau tswj kom tsis txhob muaj kev cuam tshuam microbial.
Ua yeeb yam txuj ci
{{{0} Kev tshuaj xyuas siv lub Bodmn sensor tau ua haujlwm, tab sis cov kev ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj nyob rau hauv txoj kev.
Qhov sib txawv
Qib ntawm oxidation: Cod oxidizes yuav luag txhua cov organic thiab dyes), thaum lub siab lub hom phiaj tsuas muaj rau cov kab mob me me.
Qhov cuam tshuam rau cov nqe: COD yuav raug cuam tshuam los ntawm clj (masking cov neeg sawv cev yuav tsum tau), thaum lub hauv paus yog cuam tshuam los ntawm microbial kev ua ub (toxicity thiab cov as-ham yuav tsum tau tswj).
Cov ntawv thov siv: COD yog siv rau kev soj ntsuam sai sai ntawm cov chaw ua paug, thaum siv los ntsuas cov hauj lwm zoo thiab ib puag ncig kev pheej hmoo.