UASB Anaerobic Granular Sludge Cultivation Practical Guide

Granular sludge yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm zoo UASB reactor. Kev cog qoob loo ua raws li cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm siab - zoo inoculation, tswj kub thiab ruaj khov pH, qis F / M pib- nce, maj mam nce, thiab kev tshuaj ntsuam hydraulic. Nyob rau hauv mesophilic tej yam kev mob, yooj yim degradable cov dej khib nyiab (khoom noj khoom haus thiab npias ua) tuaj yeem tsim mature granular sludge nyob rau hauv 1-2 lub hlis, thaum cov pa dej khib nyiab yuav tsum tau 2-4 lub hlis los ua kom tiav cultivation.

1. Reactor Pretreatment

UASB cov dej xa dej yuav tsum tau tshuaj xyuas kom meej kom ntseeg tau tias cov dej faib tsis sib xws tsis muaj qhov chaw tuag lossis thaiv; peb -theem cais yuav tsum tau hloov kho kom muaj roj txaus- kua- sib cais; lub reactor sab hauv yuav tsum tau ntxuav ntawm cov khib nyiab, xeb, thiab cov khoom seem seem kom ntseeg tau tias reactor airtightness thiab tiv thaiv cov pa nkag.

2. Kev xaiv thiab ntxiv ntawm Inoculated Sludge

Mature UASB granular sludge los ntawm cov dej khib nyiab zoo sib xws yog qhov zoo dua vim nws muaj qhov pib nrawm tshaj plaws - nce nrawm thiab yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws inoculation qhov chaw. Qhov thib ob, sludge los ntawm anaerobic digesters nyob rau hauv lub nroog cov dej khib nyiab kho cov nroj tsuag yog pom zoo, raws li nws yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv methanogens thiab yooj yim. Dej av nkos, dej sludge, thiab undigested tsiaj txhu quav quav yog nruj me ntsis txwv tsis pub, raws li cov hom sludge muaj siab xuab zeb cov ntsiab lus, muaj ntau yam tshuaj lom thiab teeb meem, thiab muaj siab yaj nyob rau hauv oxygen, uas yuav cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau lub zej zog anaerobic kab mob. Tus nqi inoculation yuav tsum tau tswj ntawm 30% -50% ntawm lub reactor lub ntim zoo. VSS concentration ntawm cov sludge inoculated yuav tsum ncav cuag 2-4 kg / m³, thiab VSS / TSS ratio yuav tsum ntau tshaj 0.7 kom ntseeg tau tias sludge kev ua si.

3. Khoom noj khoom haus thiab ib puag ncig tswj

anaerobic microbial nutrient ratio yog tswj nruj me ntsis ntawm C:N:P=200-300:5:1. Nitrogen, phosphorus, thiab cov cim tseem ceeb xws li Fe, Co, thiab Ni yog ntxiv raws li cov dej khib nyiab zoo. Cov alkalinity ntawm cov cawv sib xyaw hauv lub reactor yuav tsum tau khaws cia siab tshaj 1000 mg / L (xws li CaCO₃) kom ntseeg tau tias muaj peev xwm buffering. Qhov kub thiab txias yog tswj tau ntawm mesophilic theem ntawm 35 ± 2 degree, nrog kev hloov pauv txhua hnub tsis tshaj ± 0.5 degree. Kev kub siab -kev cog qoob loo yuav tsum tau tswj ntawm 55 ± 2 degree, thiab kev hloov pauv tam sim ntawd raug txwv.

Theem 1: Lub Sijhawm Hloov Kho Microbial (10-20 hnub)

Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog tso cai rau cov kab mob anaerobic nyob rau hauv cov sludge inoculated hloov mus rau cov dej khib nyiab zoo, rov ua dua lawv cov dej num, thiab tsis txhob pib acidification. Qhov taw qhia tswj tseem ceeb rau kev pib yog sludge load F/M=0.05-0.1 kgCOD/kgVSS·d, tsis txhob dig muag siv volumetric loading tswj. Qhov muaj zog COD concentration yuav tsum tau tswj qis dua 1000 mg / L. Cov dej khib nyiab qub yuav tsum tau diluted nrog dej huv, nrog lub sijhawm khaws cia ntawm hydraulic tsis pub tsawg tshaj 24 teev, siv qhov tsis tu ncua qis - flow influent method. Saib xyuas pH, volatile fatty acids (VFA), thiab COD tshem tawm tus nqi hauv lub reactor txhua hnub, tswj pH ntawm 7.0 thiab 7.5. Ib qib VFA qis dua 100 mg / L thiab COD tshem tawm tus nqi ntawm 40% lossis siab dua yog suav tias yog qhov qub. Yog tias VFA tshaj 200 mg/L los yog pH poob qis dua 6.8, tam sim ntawd nres qhov muaj zog txaus thiab rov pib dua tom qab qhov ntsuas tau zoo.

Theem 2: Granular Formation Theem (20-40 hnub)

Thaum lub sij hawm no, cov sludge me me ntawm 0.2-0.5 hli yuav tsim, thiab cov sludge daws teeb meem yuav maj mam txhim kho. Tom qab cov ntsuas dej zoo ruaj khov rau 3-5 hnub, maj mam nce lub load, nrog ib qho kev nce ntxiv tsis pub tshaj 10% -15%, maj mam nce cov sludge load rau 0.1-0.2 kgCOD / kgVSS·d. Lub reactor upflow tshaj tawm yog tswj ntawm 1.0-1.5 m / h. Lub teeb flocculent sludge raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam hydraulic; ib qho me me ntawm sludge poob yog qhov qub. Thaum lub sij hawm no, thawj zaug aggregation ntawm granular sludge yuav tsum tau xyuas kom meej, nrog me me, ntom sludge hais pom nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub reactor.

Theem 3: Lub Sijhawm Kev Loj Hlob ntawm Granular Sludge (40-90 hnub)

Lub granular sludge particle loj nce mus rau 0.5-2 mm, tsim ib tug ruaj khov stratified qauv. Cov txheej sab hauv muaj cov kab mob methanogenic xws li methanogenic filaments, thaum txheej txheej txheej muaj cov kab mob uas ua rau hydrolytic acid. Lub substrate decomposes los ntawm sab nraud nyob rau hauv, thiab cov kab mob hauv zej zog ua haujlwm synergistically thiab stably. Lub load yog tsis tu ncua, maj mus txog ib tug volumetric load ntawm 3.0-5.0 kg COD / m³·d, thaum tuav lub upflow tshaj tawm ntawm 1.5-2.0 m / h. VFA nyob rau hauv lub reactor yuav tsum nruj me ntsis tswj qis dua 50 mg / L, thiab cov ntsiab lus methane hauv biogas yuav tsum siab tshaj 55%. Sudden nce nyob rau hauv load los yog hydraulic hloov uas yuav ua rau particle breakage yog txwv tsis pub. Thaum lub sij hawm no, lub granular sludge yuav sai sai proliferate thiab compact, ho optimizing daws teeb meem.

Kauj Ruam 4: Lub Sijhawm Maturation (90-120 hnub)

Mature granular sludge muaj tshaj 80% hais nrog ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm 0.5-3mm. Nws yog xim av-liab, puag ncig, ruaj rau qhov kov, thiab tsis nplaum, nrog rau qhov nrawm nrawm ntawm 10-20 m / h. Lub reactor ncav cuag nws tsim volumetric load, ua tiav ib tug COD tshem tawm tus nqi ntawm ntau tshaj 90% rau nkag tau biodegradable cov dej khib nyiab, tshaj 85% rau cov pa khib nyiab, ruaj khov VFA concentration qis dua 50 mg / L hauv cov effluent, thiab cov ntsiab lus methane hauv biogas saum 60%. Tom qab ua haujlwm tas li thiab ruaj khov rau ntau tshaj 15 hnub, kev cog qoob loo granular sludge tiav.

Qhov kub thiab txias yuav tsum tau khaws cia tsis tu ncua ntawm qhov ntsuas mesophilic ntawm 35 ± 2 degree, nrog kev hloov pauv txhua hnub tsis tshaj ± 0.5 degree. Kev hloov pauv kub ntau dhau yuav cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob methanogenic. Tus nqi pH nyob rau hauv lub reactor yuav tsum ruaj khov ntawm 7.0-7.5, nrog rau cov pH influent tso cai kom qis me ntsis, cia siab rau cov alkalinity tsis nyob rau hauv lub reactor. pH qib qis dua 6.8 lossis siab dua 8.0 raug txwv. Volatile fatty acids (VFA) yog ib qho tseem ceeb ceeb toom qhia ntxov; Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ib txwm, lawv yuav tsum qis dua 50 mg / L. Lub tswb yuav tsum tshwm sim tam sim yog tias lawv siab tshaj 100 mg / L, thiab qhov load yuav tsum raug txo yog tias lawv tshaj 200 mg / L. Qhov nce siab tshaj tawm yuav tsum yog 1.0-1.5 m / h thaum lub sijhawm pib thiab 1.5-3.0 m / h thaum lub sijhawm loj hlob. Qhov ceev tshaj 1.0 m / h yuav ua rau sludge txaj compaction, tiv thaiv granulation. Load nce yuav tsum ua raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm me me, nquag nce, nrog rau txhua qhov nce tsis pub tshaj 10% -15%. Kev nce ntxiv tom ntej yuav tsum tsuas yog ua tom qab cov ntsuas tau ruaj khov rau 3-5 hnub. Kev tsom xam yuav tsum yog ntawm kev tswj cov alkalinity ntawm cov cawv sib xyaw hauv lub reactor, tsis yog lub zog alkalinity, kom ntseeg tau tias muaj alkalinity txaus. VFA rau alkalinity piv yuav tsum qis dua 0.1.

Ua ntej, microorganisms secrete extracellular polymers, ua rau cov hlwb ua rau ib leeg thiab tsim cov flocs me me. Tom qab ntawd, nrog cov kab mob filamentous xws li cov kab mob methanogenic ua cov tub ntxhais, cov flocs maj mam sib sau ua ke los ua cov qauv ntawm granular. Los ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas hydraulic, xoob flocculent sludge raug tshem tawm, khaws cov granules ntom. Thaum kawg, cov qauv stratified ruaj khov yog tsim, nrog txheej txheej ntawm cov kab mob methanogenic thiab txheej txheej ntawm cov kua qaub- tsim cov kab mob. Cov granules tsis tu ncua compact thiab loj hlob, ua mature granular sludge.

Acidification thiab pH qis dua 6.5 hauv lub reactor feem ntau yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev thauj khoom sai heev thiab tsis txaus alkalinity. Txoj kev daws teeb meem yog tam sim ntawd tso tseg cov neeg muaj hwj chim, tsis txhob ua qhov muag tsis pom kev ntxiv ntau ntawm sodium bicarbonate, thiab ua kom tiav cov alkali raws li qhov tsis txaus alkalinity. Thaum VFA poob qis dua 50 mg / L thiab pH rov qab, rov pib lub reactor ntawm qhov qis dua. Nyuaj hauv granular sludge tsim feem ntau yog vim tsis txaus nce siab tshaj tawm thiab siab tshaj SS nyob rau hauv lub influent. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntws yuav tsum tau nce siab tshaj 1.0 m / h, thiab cov dej khib nyiab pretreatment kom tshem tawm cov khib nyiab yuav tsum tau ntxiv dag zog. Granular breakage thiab poob yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg inhibition, VFA tsub zuj zuj, thiab pH hloov pauv. Cov dej khib nyiab toxicity yuav tsum tau tshawb xyuas thiab ua ntej, thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis ruaj khov, tsis yog tsuas yog txo cov hydraulic khiav ceev. Pib qeeb-nce thiab qis COD tshem tawm tus nqi feem ntau yog vim tsis zoo inoculum sludge kev ua haujlwm thiab cov khoom noj tsis txaus. High-zoo inoculum sludge yuav tsum tau ntxiv, qhov C: N:P piv tau hloov kho, thiab kab kawm ntxiv.

1. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tseem ceeb: Ib txwm siv sludge load (F/M) raws li qhov ntsuas tseem ceeb, tsis yog tsuas yog ntim ntim xwb; xyuas kom ruaj khov kub, pH, thiab alkalinity thoob plaws hauv cov txheej txheem, zam kev hloov pauv tam sim ntawd; ua qhov tseem ceeb qeeb thiab maj mam nce, thiab tsis tu ncua ua hydraulic tshuaj ntsuam xyuas; ua siab ntev tos rau cov kab mob zoo li qub, tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam.

2. Mature Txais Kev Cai: Granular sludge feem pua ​​​​Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 80%, particle loj 0.5-3mm, daws qhov nrawm 10-20m / h; reactor ncav cuag tsim load, COD tshem tawm tus nqi raws li cov qauv, effluent VFA<50mg/L; biogas methane content stable >60%, tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb sludge poob, ua haujlwm ruaj khov rau ntau tshaj 15 hnub.