MBR Kev Ua Haujlwm Thiab Kev Kho Kom Zoo Tshaj Plaws

Cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv dej khib nyiab thiab kev saib xyuas tau hnov ​​​​txog cov txheej txheem MBR (Membrane Bioreactor). Yooj yim muab tso, nws cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog qhov yooj yim heev: MBR=cov tshuaj tiv thaiv biochemical + membrane sib cais. Nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog los hloov lub tank thib ob hauv cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj, ua tiav cov sludge zoo dua - dej sib cais. Txawm hais tias rau cov dej phwj hauv tsev lossis kev kho dej khib nyiab, ntau thiab ntau txoj haujlwm tau xaiv MBR vim tias nws daws tau ntau qhov mob ntawm cov dej khib nyiab thib ob- sludge hauv cov dej ntws, cov dej tsis zoo, thiab cov hneev taw loj.

Ntau tus neeg tuaj tshiab rau MBR tuaj yeem pom tias nws "yooj yim rau kev khiav lag luam thiab tswj xyuas, ua rau cov membrane txhaws." Txawm li cas los xij, thaum koj nkag siab qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm "cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob biochemical + kev sib cais" thiab nkag siab nws cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb hauv kev hloov cov tso tsheb hlau luam thib ob, kev ua haujlwm txhua hnub thiab kev saib xyuas yuav yooj yim heev. Raws li kev ua haujlwm pem hauv ntej thiab kev saib xyuas kev paub, hnub no peb yuav piav qhia meej MBR, suav nrog nws cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, qhov zoo ntawm kev hloov cov dej xau hauv nruab nrab, cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm -kev ua haujlwm thiab kev saib xyuas, cov teeb meem thiab cov kev daws teeb meem-txhua cov ntaub ntawv siv tau thiab cov ntsiab lus, tso cai rau cov neeg pib pib sai sai thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm paub txog los sau txhua qhov khoob hauv lawv txoj kev paub.

Ua ntej, qhia txog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb: MBR (Membrane Bioreactor) tsis yog "tus txheej txheem tshiab tag nrho," tab sis yog qhov hloov pauv ntawm cov dej xaum thib ob nrog cov txheej txheem membrane raws li cov txheej txheem lom neeg (aerobic thiab anaerobic). Nws cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb yog cov sludge ntau dua - dej sib cais thiab cov dej ntws ruaj khov dua. Tus yuam sij rau kev ua haujlwm thiab kev saib xyuas yog nyob rau hauv "kev saib xyuas membrane + kev kho mob lom neeg ruaj khov," vim tias ob qho tib si ua haujlwm ua ke los ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm MBR.

Hauv cov txheej txheem kev kho dej khib nyiab ib txwm muaj, tom qab lub tank kho cov tshuaj lom neeg degrades COD thiab ammonia nitrogen, yuav tsum muaj lub tank thib ob txhawm rau cais cov sludge thiab dej, tso cai rau cov sludge los kho kom haum, thiab cov supernatant yuav tsum tau tso tawm raws li effluent. Txawm li cas los xij, kev sib cais ua haujlwm ntawm lub tank thib ob yog qhov cuam tshuam zoo heev los ntawm kev ua haujlwm sludge. Yog hais tias sludge bulking los yog deflocculation tshwm sim, nws yuav ua rau sludge nyob rau hauv cov effluent thiab ntau tshaj suspended solids (SS). Tsis tas li ntawd, cov twj tso kua mis thib ob muaj cov hneev taw loj thiab txwv kev sib cais.

Kev txhim kho tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem MBR yog hloov cov sedimentation theem nrab nrog kev sib cais ntawm daim nyias nyias. Cov txheej txheem tag nrho tuaj yeem nkag siab yooj yim xws li: Dej khib nyiab → Pretreatment (grit screen, grit chamber) → Biological kho tank (aerobic / anaerobic, microbial degradation ntawm cov pa phem) → Membrane module (membrane sib cais, khaws cia ntawm activated sludge) → Effluent lub rooj sib tham qauv.

"Kev kho mob lom" ntawm no yog ua raws li kev kho mob lom hauv cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj. Cov tub ntxhais tseem cia siab rau cov kab mob hauv cov kab mob activated sludge kom degrade cov pa phem xws li COD, ammonia nitrogen, thiab tag nrho phosphorus hauv cov dej khib nyiab. Cov txheej txheem metabolic thiab kev noj haus ntawm cov kab mob no tsis txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem kev kho mob lom neeg. "Membrane sib cais" yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm MBR. Nws tseem ceeb hloov lub "lub ntiajteb txawj nqus sedimentation" ntawm lub thib ob sedimentation tank nrog "lub cev tuav" ntawm daim nyias nyias. Tsis hais txog ntawm cov sludge daws qhov ua tau zoo, daim nyias nyias tuaj yeem khaws cov activated sludge thiab tshem tawm cov khoom, cia tsuas yog dej ntshiab kom dhau mus.

Nyob rau hauv luv luv, MBR (Mechanical Bioreactor) hloov cov theem nrab sedimentation tso tsheb hlau luam los ntawm qhov tseem ceeb hloov lub ntiajteb txawj nqus los ntawm kev cuam tshuam lub cev. Qhov no daws cov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm cov dej xau hauv nruab nrab, uas vam khom ntau ntawm cov sludge daws kev ua tau zoo, thaum tib lub sijhawm txhim kho cov sludge- dej sib cais ua haujlwm thiab txo cov hneev taw. Qhov no yog qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau nws daim ntawv thov dav.

Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm MBR nyob rau hauv - kev txheeb xyuas qhov chaw: Nws muaj cov kab ke aeration zoo ib yam li cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg, thiab tau nruab nrog cov txheej txheem membrane (cov ntawv tiaj tus, hollow fiber ntau daim nyias nyias, thiab lwm yam), tsis muaj lub tank loj thib ob; cov effluent yog ntshiab, nrog yuav luag xoom suspended solids (SS); Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, kev tu daim nyias nyias yuav tsum tau ua kom tsis tu ncua ntawm daim nyias nyias.

Ntau qhov dej num tso tseg cov tso tsheb hlau luam thib ob thiab xaiv MBR, tsis yog qhov muag tsis pom kev ua raws li cov qauv, tab sis vim tias nws qhov zoo yog qhov tseeb thiab tuaj yeem daws tau ntau yam ntawm - teeb meem kev ua haujlwm thiab kev saib xyuas qhov chaw. Nws yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog haum rau scenarios nrog siab effluent yuav tsum thiab me me footprints. Cov txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem suav nrog hauv 5 cov ntsiab lus, txhua tus tuaj yeem ua tus kheej hauv kev ua haujlwm pem hauv ntej:

1. Cov sludge ntau dua- sib cais dej thiab ruaj khov effluent zoo: Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kom zoo dua. Secondary sedimentation tanks cia siab rau lub ntiajteb txawj nqus ntawm sludge. Yog hais tias cov sludge deflocculates thiab nthuav, cov effluent yuav muaj sludge thiab tshaj suspended solids (SS) qauv. Hauv qhov sib piv, MBR membrane modules muaj qhov ceev ceev ceev heev, muaj peev xwm khaws tau yuav luag tag nrho cov activated sludge, tshem tawm cov khoom, thiab txawm tias qee cov tshuaj colloidal. Effluent SS tuaj yeem ua tsis tu ncua qis dua 10 mg / L, thiab COD thiab ammonia nitrogen theem kuj tseem ruaj khov, yooj yim ua tau raws li Chav Kawm A thiab siab dua cov qauv tso tawm.

2. Txo cov hneev taw zoo heev, txuag cov nqi ntawm qhov chaw: Cov tsoos theem nrab sedimentation tso tsheb hlau luam nyob hauv cheeb tsam loj, suav txog 30% -40% ntawm tag nrho cheeb tsam ntawm cov chaw kho dej khib nyiab. MBR membrane modules yog me me thiab muaj kev sib cais siab, yuav tsum tsis muaj qhov chaw loj. Cov hneev taw tsuas yog 50% -70% ntawm cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj (cov khoom siv roj ntsha + cov tso tsheb hlau luam thib ob), ua rau lawv tsim tshwj xeeb rau cov haujlwm uas muaj qhov chaw tsawg (xws li cov chaw kho dej khib nyiab hauv nroog thiab kev kho dej khib nyiab hauv kev cob qhia kev lag luam).

3. Ntau dua sludge concentration thiab txhim kho biochemical efficiency: Secondary sedimentation tank yog txwv los ntawm sludge settling kev ua tau zoo, nrog MLSS (sludge concentration) tswj tsuas yog ntawm 2000-4000 mg/L. MBR membrane modules, txawm li cas los xij, zoo khaws cov sludge, nce MLSS mus rau 8000-12000 mg / L. Qhov no ua rau muaj tag nrho cov microbial suav ntau dua thiab ua kom muaj kuab paug ntau dua, ua rau nws tsim nyog rau kev kho cov dej khib nyiab siab thiab rov ua dua tshiab, txhim kho COD thiab ammonia nitrogen tshem tawm cov nqi.

4. Tiv thaiv cov sludge poob thiab txo qhov kev poob siab: Cov khoom siv hauv tsev thib ob yog qhov ua rau sludge poob (xws li, sludge tawm tsis zoo, hydraulic poob siab), ua rau tsis txaus cov microbial suav thiab txo kev kho mob. MBR membrane modules zoo khaws cov sludge, tiv thaiv sludge poob txawm tias me ntsis sludge deflocculation. Qhov no ho txhim kho qhov system stability thiab txo cov kev tu ncua complexity.

5. Cov txheej txheem yooj yim thiab txo kev txij nkawm: Tom qab MBR hloov lub tank thib ob, tsis tas yuav tsum tswj cov sludge txheej tuab thiab paug ntim, txo cov kauj ruam txij nkawm (xws li sludge scraping thiab tshem tawm kev kho). Kev saib xyuas tam sim no tsom mus rau kev kho cov roj ntsha hauv lub tank thiab cov membrane modules. Thaum kev ntxuav cov membrane ntxiv, qhov nyuaj ntawm kev saib xyuas tag nrho tsis tau nce; qhov tseeb, nws yooj yim dua los tswj.

Ib lo lus ceeb toom: MBR kuj muaj qhov tsis zoo, xws li cov nqi ntawm cov khoom siv membrane ntau dua, xav tau kev tu kom zoo, thiab siv zog me ntsis dua li cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj. Txawm li cas los xij, rau cov haujlwm uas muaj cov khoom siv tau zoo thiab qhov chaw txwv, cov teeb meem no deb dua nws qhov zoo.

Lub hauv paus ntawm MBR kev ua haujlwm thiab kev saib xyuas yog "kev ruaj khov ntawm biochemical system + tswj cov membrane module." Ob leeg ua haujlwm ua ke kom ua haujlwm tau zoo-cov txheej txheem biochemical yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev rhuav tshem cov pa phem, thiab cov txheej txheem membrane yog lub luag haujlwm rau sludge- dej sib cais. Yog hais tias ib qho malfunctions, nws yuav ua rau muaj teeb meem xws li ntau dhau effluent zoo thiab membrane clogging. Cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb thiab kev saib xyuas tau muab faib ua ob ntu, siv ncaj qha rau ntawm -site:

(I) Biochemical System Kev Ua Haujlwm thiab Kev Saib Xyuas (Ua raws li cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj, tsom mus rau kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov)

Kev khiav hauj lwm thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm MBR biochemical tank yog tib yam li cov tsoos aerobic thiab anaerobic tso tsheb hlau luam. Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb yog txhawm rau txhim kho microbial kev ua haujlwm thiab xyuas kom muaj cov pa phem degradation. Peb lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog qhov tseem ceeb:

1. Tswj cov as-ham: Ntxiv nitrogen thiab phosphorus qhov chaw raws li C: N: P piv ntawm 100: 5: 1 kom tsis txhob muaj cov as-ham tsis txaus uas ua rau txo qis microbial kev ua haujlwm. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txij li MBR sludge concentration siab, kev noj zaub mov sai dua, yuav tsum tau saib xyuas cov dej tsis tu ncua thiab rov ua kom raws sijhawm.

2. Stabilize DO concentration: Nyob rau theem aerobic, DO yuav tsum tau tswj ntawm 2.0 ~ 3.0 mg / L kom ntseeg tau tias cov metabolism hauv microbial txaus thiab tiv thaiv tsis tiav COD thiab ammonia nitrogen degradation vim tsis txaus DO. Tib lub sijhawm, zam dhau - aeration los tiv thaiv kev tawg ntawm sludge flocs thiab muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm daim nyias nyias clogging.

3. Tswj sludge hnub nyoog (SRT): SRT ntawm MBR tuaj yeem tswj tau ntawm 10 ~ 20 hnub, ntev dua li cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj. Kev tawm sludge nquag tsis tsim nyog; ib ntus me me- ntim sludge tawm yog txaus los tiv thaiv sludge aging thiab membrane clogging. Cov sludge tawm tus nqi yuav tsum tau kho raws li MLSS (tso tseg ntawm 8000 ~ 12000 mg / L).

(II) Membrane Module Kev Ua Haujlwm thiab Kev Tu

Lub membrane module yog "lub plawv" ntawm MBR. Thaum clogged, nws ua rau txo cov dej ntws tawm, kev siv hluav taws xob ntau ntxiv, thiab txawm tias membrane module puas tsuaj. Tus yuam sij rau kev ua haujlwm thiab kev saib xyuas yog "tiv thaiv clogging thiab tu nquag," tshwj xeeb tsom rau plaub lub ntsiab lus:

1. Kev tu hauv online tsis tu ncua (TMP kev saib xyuas yog qhov tseem ceeb): Kev tu hauv online muaj xws li kev ntxhua khaub ncaws thiab dej ntxuav. Kev ntxuav cua feem ntau siv aeration kom tshem tawm cov sludge los ntawm daim nyias nyias, tiv thaiv sludge adhesion. Kev ntxuav dej siv rov qab los ntxuav lub qhov hws nrog dej huv, tshem tawm cov impurities zoo. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm niaj hnub thiab kev saib xyuas, qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv transmembrane (TMP) yuav tsum tau saib xyuas. Thaum TMP siab tshaj 0.1 MPa, lub zaus ntxuav yuav tsum tau nce sai.

2. Kev tu offline tsis tu ncua: kev tu hauv online tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov kab mob tsis zoo (xws li cov khoom organic thiab colloids) los ntawm daim nyias nyias. Offline cleaning should be performed every 3-6 months, using chemical agents (such as sodium hypochlorite or citric acid) to soak the membrane module, removing stubborn contaminants and restoring membrane flux.

3. Tswj cov dej muaj txiaj ntsig zoo los tiv thaiv impurities los ntawm clogging membrane pores: Txhim kho pretreatment kom ntseeg tau tias kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm lub vijtsam thiab grit chamber, tshem cov xuab zeb, cov khib nyiab loj, cov plaub hau, thiab lwm yam impurities nqa los ntawm cov neeg muaj zog. Tiv thaiv cov impurities los ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv daim nyias nyias module thiab clogging lub pores. Rau cov dej khib nyiab hauv kev lag luam, tshem tawm cov organic teeb meem thiab roj ua ntej kom txo tau cov membrane fouling.

4. Tiv thaiv membrane module kom qhuav thiab puas: lub membrane module yuav tsum yeej ib txwm submerged nyob rau hauv dej; ziab yog nruj me ntsis txwv tsis pub, raws li nws yuav ua rau lub membrane pores yuav shrink thiab ua puas. Tsis tas li ntawd, zam cov khoom ntse los tsoo lub membrane kom tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj ntawm daim nyias nyias. Yog tias pom muaj kev puas tsuaj ntawm daim nyias nyias, hloov tam sim ntawd txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov sludge los ntawm kev nkag mus rau cov effluent thiab ua rau cov dej tsis zoo.

Nyob rau hauv - chaw ua haujlwm thiab kev saib xyuas, MBR cov teeb meem feem ntau yog tsom rau "membrane clogging" thiab "cov dej ntws ntau dhau." Qhov tseem ceeb, cov no yog vim tsis muaj kev ruaj ntseg hauv kev kho kab mob lom lossis tsis txaus membrane module tu. Nov yog plaub ntawm cov teeb meem feem ntau thiab cov kev daws teeb meem tshwj xeeb, uas txawm tias cov pib tshiab tuaj yeem daws tau yooj yim:

1. Qhov teeb meem 1: Membrane module clogging, txo effluent flow (feem ntau)

Kev daws:
① Tam sim ntawd ua kom muaj kev tu ntau hauv online (cua ntxhua khaub ncaws + dej ntxuav) kom tshem tawm cov sludge ntawm daim nyias nyias;
② Yog tias TMP tseem nce ntxiv, ua cov tshuaj tua kab mob offline kom tshem tawm cov kab mob qias neeg;
③ Tshawb xyuas cov dej muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, ntxiv dag zog ua ntej, thiab tshem tawm cov impurities;
④ Tshawb xyuas cov txheej txheem kev kho mob lom neeg los tiv thaiv cov sludge aging thiab deflocculation, txo cov sludge adhesion rau daim nyias nyias.

2. Teeb meem 2: COD ntau dhau thiab ammonia nitrogen nyob rau hauv effluent (tsis ruaj tsis khov biological system)

Kev daws: ① Tshawb xyuas DO concentration, xyuas kom DO hauv ntu aerobic ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 2.0 mg / L, thiab kho tus nqi aeration; ② Ntxiv cov khoom siv nitrogen thiab phosphorus kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo; ③ Tswj lub nra hnyav kom tsis txhob muaj siab -kev cuam tshuam cov dej khib nyiab, thiab txo qis tus nqi ntws yog tias tsim nyog; ④ Tshawb xyuas cov khoom sludge. Yog tias sludge muaj hnub nyoog, tsim nyog nce sludge tawm thiab ntxiv nrog cov sludge tshiab.

3. Teeb meem 3: Kev puas tsuaj ntawm daim nyias nyias, SS ntau dhau ntawm cov dej ntws tawm

Kev daws: ① Kuaj SS effluent. Yog tias SS dheev nce, xyuas seb lub membrane puas puas lawm; ② Nrhiav qhov puas membrane module thiab hloov tam sim ntawd; ③ Tshawb xyuas kev kho kom zoo los tiv thaiv cov impurities ntse los ntawm kev nkag mus thiab ua rau cov membrane module puas; ④ Kho aeration siv kom tsis txhob muaj ntau dhau aeration cuam tshuam rau daim nyias nyias.

4. Teeb meem 4: Sludge accumulates sai heev rau ntawm daim nyias nyias (accelerated membrane fouling)

Kev daws:
① Ua kom qhov zaus thiab siv ntawm huab cua ntxuav kom txhim khu cov membrane nto scouring;
② Txhim kho cov kab mob lom neeg los tswj cov khoom sludge thiab tiv thaiv sludge deflocculation thiab thickening;
③ Tsim nyog nce sludge tawm kom txo MLSS concentration thiab tag nrho cov sludge ntim;
④ Ntxiv me me ntawm coagulant los txhawb sludge flocculation thiab txo cov sludge adhesion.

Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm MBR: kev kho mob lom neeg + kev sib cais ntawm daim nyias nyias, hloov lub tank thib ob sedimentation. Qhov tseem ceeb, nws siv lub cev tuav ntawm daim nyias nyias los daws qhov mob taw tes ntawm cov sludge tsis tiav - dej sib cais hauv lub tank thib ob. Nws qhov zoo yog ruaj khov effluent, me me hneev taw, thiab kev ua haujlwm siab. Lub hauv paus ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab kev saib xyuas yog "stabilizing cov kab mob lom neeg thiab tswj xyuas cov txheej txheem membrane." Cov kab mob lom neeg ruaj khov ua haujlwm microbial, thiab cov khoom siv hauv daim nyias nyias raug ntxuav thiab tiv thaiv los ntawm clogging. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ob qho no ua kom ruaj khov MBR kev ua haujlwm thiab yooj yim ua tiav kev tso tawm.