I. Dab tsi yog "sludge poob" nyob rau hauv lub thib ob clarifier?
Qhov thib ob clarifier (los yog lub tank thib ob) yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov khoom sib cais -kua kua hauv cov tshuab ua kom cov sludge. Thaum activated sludge tsis kho kom zoo thiab es tsis txhob ntab mus rau saum npoo los yog khiav nrog cov effluent, qhov tshwm sim hu ua "sludge poob" lossis "sludge rising." Qhov no manifests raws li effluent suspended solids (SS) thiab ib tug deterioration nyob rau hauv dej zoo uas tshaj tawm cov qauv.
II. Ua rau ntawm sludge poob nyob rau hauv lub thib ob clarifier thiab kho kev ntsuas
1. Nce vim denitrification
Mechanism: Nitrification nyob rau hauv lub aeration tank tsim nitrates. Thaum nkag mus rau qhov kev qhia thib ob, cov sludge raug denitrification nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej anoxic (DO < 0.5 mg / L), tsim cov roj nitrogen (N₂). Cov npuas roj txuas rau cov sludge flocs, txo lawv qhov ntom thiab ua rau lawv ntab.
Cov yam ntxwv: Cov sludge nce siab zoo li cov paj daus -zoo li flakes; nws tog dua thaum nplawm nrog iav pas nrig (qhov txawv nws los ntawm anaerobic decomposition).
Cov xwm txheej tshwm sim:
Tsawg sludge rov qab piv (piv txwv li, < 25%), ua rau lub sij hawm ntev sludge tuav nyob rau hauv lub thib ob clarifier.
Qhov kub thiab txias (lub caij ntuj sov), uas ua rau kom tus nqi denitrification.
Kev ntsuas kho:
Ua kom tus nqi xa rov qab: nce qhov piv rau 80% -100% kom txo tau cov sludge tuav lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub thib ob clarifier.
Ua kom cov sludge tawm: Txo cov sludge concentration thiab ua kom lub hnub nyoog sludge.
2. Nce vim sludge decomposition (septic mob)
Mechanism: Tsis txaus aeration ua rau sludge oxygen deprivation, thiab ntau sludge cia lub sij hawm ua rau anaerobic metabolism hauv cov sludge nyob rau hauv lub thib ob clarifier. Qhov no ua rau methane (CH₄) thiab carbon dioxide (CO₂), ua rau cov sludge nce.
Cov yam ntxwv: Cov sludge yog xim dub thiab qias neeg - ntxhiab, nce hauv cov pob loj loj, tsis tu ncua. Nws tsis tog-los yog dab dej qeeb heev- tom qab tau nplawm nrog ib lub iav pas nrig; cov xim feem ntau yog npub lossis dub.
Feem ntau ua rau: Cov chaw tuag nyob rau hauv lub thib ob clarifier, ua rau anaerobic decomposition ntawm sludge nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam.
Kev ntsuas kho:
Ua kom aeration: nce qib oxygen yaj (DO) hauv cov dej ntws los tiv thaiv cov sludge los ntawm lub xeev anoxic. Nce sludge paug tus nqi: Tam sim tshem tawm cov sludge ntau dhau los txo nws lub sijhawm nyob hauv qhov kev qhia thib ob.
Tshawb xyuas sludge scrapers thiab sludge tshem tawm cov cuab yeej: Tshawb xyuas cov hniav scraper kom puas thiab kho kom sai li sai tau kom tiv thaiv "qhov chaw tuag" nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub clarifier; check sludge twj rau blockages, thiab lwm yam.
3. Sludge poob vim filamentous bulking
Mechanism: Kev loj hlob ntau dhau ntawm cov kab mob filamentous ua rau xoob activated sludge floc qauv; Kev daws teeb meem kev ua tau zoo zuj zus thaum SVI> 150-200, ua rau sludge ploj nrog cov dej ntws tawm.
Cov txheej txheem kuaj mob: SVI> 150 qhia tau hais tias muaj kev nyiam mus rau bulking; SVI> 200 lees paub qhov loj.
Kev ntsuas kho: Xa mus rau tsab xov xwm "Caus thiab Kev daws rau Filamentous Bulking" rau qhov tshwm sim thiab kev kho mob cuam tshuam nrog tus mob no.
4. Sludge disintegration (dhau -aeration/toxicity)
Mechanism:
Tshaj - aeration: Ntev ntev aeration ua rau endogenous ua pa ntawm cov activated sludge; flocculation kev ua tau zoo ntawm microbial flocs poob qis, ua rau sludge disintegration thiab poob ntawm nplua flocs nrog cov effluent.
Sludge toxicity: Influx ntawm cov tshuaj lom (hnyav hlau, cyanides, organic toxins, thiab lwm yam) impairs microbial metabolic zog.
Cov yam ntxwv: Turbid effluent, zoo tshem tawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv lub supernatant, thiab lub sij hawm dawb - nyob rau theem.
Kev ntsuas kho:
Kho tus nqi aeration: Khaws cov pa oxygen (DO) ntawm 2–4 mg / L ntawm qhov hluav taws xob ntawm lub tank aeration kom tsis txhob dhau - aeration.
Tshawb xyuas cov tshuaj lom neeg: Tshawb xyuas cov hlau hnyav, cyanides, lossis cov organic co toxins.
5. Hydraulic shock load (overload)
Mechanism: Shock loading yog feem ntau ua rau sludge poob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub caij los nag.
Cov yam ntxwv: Cov kua dej muaj cov khoom tshem tawm zoo, cov pam vov sludge nce, thiab kev ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv cov lus qhia thib ob tsis zoo.
Kev ntsuas kev kho mob: Kho tus nqi ntws ntws raws li tus qauv tsim.
6. Sludge kev laus
Mechanism: Ntau dhau sludge muaj hnub nyoog ua rau cov activated sludge nkag mus rau endogenous respiration theem; flocs ua xoob, daws qhov kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, thiab kev ua kom zoo dua qub. Cov yam ntxwv: Thaum lub sij hawm kev soj ntsuam, cov activated sludge nyob rau hauv lub compression theem zoo nkaus li zoo thiab ntom es tsis ntxhib thiab ntom; nws yog lub teeb nyob rau hauv cov xim, thiab cov flocs muaj ib tug pasty sib xws.
Kev ntsuas kev kho mob: Ua kom cov sludge tawm tus nqi, txo lub hnub nyoog sludge, tshem tawm cov laus sludge, thiab txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm cov sludge tshiab.
III. Cov ntsiab lus
Sludge poob los ntawm lub tank thib ob feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ob txoj kev: nce sludge los ntawm denitrification thiab nce sludge tshwm sim los ntawm kev thauj khoom ntau dhau. Hauv paus, kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo sludge daws teeb meem yog lub hauv paus ua rau sludge poob. Thaum sludge poob tshwm sim, teeb meem siv txoj hauv kev no: ua ntej, xyuas cov khoom muaj zog; thib ob, tshuaj xyuas cov khoom xa rov qab thiab cov khib nyiab pov tseg; thib peb, ntsuas DO (solved oxygen) thiab SV (sludge ntim); thiab thib plaub, saib xyuas aeration siv. Thaum qhov laj thawj tshwj xeeb raug txheeb xyuas thiab cov txheej txheem kev hloov kho tau ua tiav, lub tank thib ob yuav rov qab tau sai sai.