Phau ntawv qhia no txhawb rau me me - nplai, kev hloov kho ntxiv raws li qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab muaj nuj nqis, qhov xwm txheej ntawm biochemical sludge, thiab cov qauv effluent. Cov kev hloov pauv loj heev raug txwv nruj heev. Nws yog tsim los rau kev siv los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm pem hauv ntej uas tswj hwm cov txheej txheem A² / O thiab lawv qhov txawv.
I. Tsim kom muaj cov xwm txheej hauv paus (Yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej rau kev ua kom zoo)
Tsim ib lub cav ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb: Influent COD, BOD₅, NH₃‑N, TN, TP, pH, thiab ntws tus nqi; biochemical cheeb tsam DO, MLSS, SV30, SVI, nitrate nitrogen, thiab alkalinity; Secondary clarifier effluent SS thiab lwm yam effluent zoo ntsuas.
Txheeb xyuas cov biodegradability muaj txiaj ntsig: BOD / COD> 0.3 qhia tias biodegradability zoo; 0.2-0.3 yog nruab nrab; <0.2 qhia tias biodegradability tsis zoo (ua ntej pretreatment lossis ntxiv cov pa roj carbon monoxide).
Suav Sludge Retention Time (SRT). Cov qauv hauv nroog: 12-20 hnub rau cov txheej txheem tshem tawm nitrogen thiab phosphorus; 10-15 hnub rau kev tshem tawm nitrogen nkaus xwb; zam ntau dhau SRT rau phosphorus- tshem tawm- cov txheej txheem tsom, raws li ntev SRTs tuaj yeem ua rau kev tshem tawm phosphorus lom tsis tau.
Txheej txheem optimization tsis yog hais txog kev kho li qub raws li kev xav; txhua qhov kev hloov kho yuav tsum yog cov ntaub ntawv - tsav. Saib xyuas lub kaw lus rau 1-2 sludge cycles tom qab txhua qhov kev hloov ua ntej yuav hloov kho ntxiv.
II. Cov txheej txheem tshem tawm Nitrogen Optimization (Ammonia Nitrogen thiab TN Control)
Ammonia nitrogen tshaj qhov txwv (tsis txaus nitrification)
Kos DO hauv thaj chaw aerobic: Khaws ntawm 2–3 mg / L; tshuaj xyuas cov aeration diffusers nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas tsis zoo aeration (qhov chaw tuag);
Xyuas kom SRT tsis luv dhau; Thaum lub caij txias, tsim nyog nce MLSS thiab txuas ntxiv SRT;
Nitrification siv alkalinity; Yog hais tias effluent alkalinity poob qis dua 70-100 mg / L, ntxiv nrog alkali (sodium carbonate / sodium bicarbonate);
Inhibitor shock: Cov tshuaj lom hauv lub zog tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov kab mob nitrifying, ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam sai ntawm ammonia nitrogen; ua ntej txheeb xyuas cov neeg muaj peev xwm thiab nce qhov sib npaug ntawm lub tank buffering peev xwm yog tias tsim nyog. Tshaj tag nrho Nitrogen (TN) (Poor Denitrification)
nruj me ntsis tswj Dissolved Oxygen (DO) nyob rau hauv thaj tsam anoxic rau<0.5 mg/L and prevent oxygen from the aerobic zone from entering the anoxic zone. Do not increase the internal recirculation rate without limit; the typical ratio is 100–200%. An excessively high recirculation rate carries dissolved oxygen into the zone, thereby disrupting denitrification.
Ntsuas cov dej nyoos cov pa roj carbon: Yog tias BOD / TN > 4-5, cov pa roj carbon ntau txaus; Kev siv tshuaj carbon sab nraud tsuas yog xav tau yog tias qhov piv txwv no tsawg.
Saib xyuas nitrate nitrogen hauv lub tank anoxic thiab muab cov pa roj carbon monoxide raws li xav tau; tsis txhob overdosing los tiv thaiv kev rov qab los ntawm COD effluent.
Txheeb xyuas cov dej ntws tawm sab nraud kom tsis txhob muaj cov pa oxygen nkag los ntawm kev rov ua dua ntawm nitrified cawv los ntawm cov lus qhia thib ob.
III. Phosphorus Removal Process Optimization (TP Tswj; Biological -Chemical Synergy)
Lub hauv paus ntawm kev tshem tawm cov phosphorus lom: Khaws DO < 0.2 mg / L hauv thaj chaw anaerobic kom ntseeg tau tias phosphorus tso tawm los ntawm phosphorus- cov kab mob sib sau (PAOs); tswj sludge nkim kom zoo kom tshem tawm phosphorus los ntawm lub cev ntawm cov khib nyiab activated sludge. Tsis txhob muaj sludge ntau dhau, vim PAOs yuav deteriorate nyob rau lub sijhawm.
Txo qhov kev taw qhia ntawm nitrate nitrogen rau hauv thaj chaw anaerobic; nitrate nitrogen siv cov pa roj carbon monoxide, ncaj qha negating cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshem tawm cov phosphorus lom.
Yog tias kev tshem tawm phosphorus lom tsis tau raws li cov qauv txawm tias ncav cuag nws qhov txwv, pib tshem tawm cov tshuaj phosphorus. Ua ntej tshaj plaws tom qab-dosing thiab coj lub rooj ntev zaum- ntsuas ntsuas los txiav txim seb qhov zoo npaum li cas; overdosing nce sludge ntau lawm thiab nce effluent Suspended Solids (SS).
IV. Activated Sludge System Optimization (MLSS, SV30, SVI)
MLSS: Feem ntau 3,000–4,000 mg/L rau cov dej phwj tuaj hauv nroog. Ua kom tsim nyog rau cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig siab. Tsis txhob tuav cov sludge concentrations thaum lub sij hawm tsis muaj zog loads; Txwv tsis pub, ntau dhau endogenous ua pa tshwm sim, ua rau sludge aging.
SV30/SVI: Optimal SVI yog 70–150 mL/g.
SVI > 150: Sludge bulking. Rau filamentous bulking: txo DO shock, tswj tsis tshua muaj zog loading, thiab nce sludge nkim.
SVI <50: Sludge yog fragmented thiab laus (dub xim, ua haujlwm tsis zoo); txo sludge nkim thiab nce cov organic loading. Sludge xim: Daj-xim av los yog av daj qhia tau hais tias ib txwm muaj mob (ces sai, ntshiab supernatant); blackening thiab foul tsw feem ntau qhia tau hais tias anoxic lossis anaerobic mob; Ua npuas ncauj ntau dhau qhia pom tias muaj surfactants lossis sludge aging.
Sludge nkim lub hauv paus ntsiab lus: Khib sludge nyob rau hauv me me feem ntau es tsis yog nyob rau hauv loj batch ib zaug los tiv thaiv lub cev qhuav dej.
V. Fine-tuned zonal tswj ntawm Dissolved Oxygen (DO)
anaerobic cheeb tsam: DO <0.2 mg/L; aeration yog txwv tsis pub.
Anoxic cheeb tsam: DO <0.5 mg/L.
Aerobic cheeb tsam: 2-3 mg / L ntawm qhov kawg ntawm qhov nkag, 1.5-2.0 mg / L ntawm qhov hluav taws xob kawg; tswj kom siab DO thoob plaws hauv cheeb tsam tag nrho yog qhov tsis tsim nyog.
Tshaj DO nyob rau hauv aerobic cheeb tsam tsub kom lub zog noj, qhia siab DO rau hauv anoxic / anaerobic zones ( cuam tshuam nitrogen thiab phosphorus tshem tawm), thiab ua kom cov pa roj carbon ntau noj. Siv qhov sib txawv - zaus tsav (VFDs) ntawm lub tshuab tshuab kom hloov kho aeration raws li cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm diurnal flow.
VI. Secondary clarifier txheej txheem optimization los tiv thaiv sludge washout thiab siab SS effluent
Tswj nto hydraulic loading; saib xyuas cov kev pheej hmoo txaus ntshai thaum lub sijhawm cov dej ntws tawm sai.
Chaw nyob txawv txav sludge daws qhov sib piv los ntawm kev hloov kho raws sij hawm ntawm MLSS; tiv thaiv cov sludge daim pam nyob rau hauv lub thib ob clarifier los ntawm nce siab heev.
Tuav tus nqi rov qab tsim nyog (50-100%): nce tus nqi rov qab yog tias daim pam sludge siab dhau, thiab txo nws yog tias daim pam qis dhau.
Kev tshuaj xyuas niaj hnub: Yog tias cov nplais pob zeb loj lossis cov floc loj loj ntab mus rau saum npoo, tshawb xyuas qhov ua rau xws li sludge bulking lossis denitrification-induced floating sludge (qhov twg nitrogen gas los ntawm denitrification nqa cov sludge).
Yog hais tias denitrification-induced floating sludge tshwm sim: Txo cov sludge nyob rau hauv lub thib ob clarifier, nce tus nqi rov qab, thiab optimize upstream anoxic denitrification.
VII. Txheej txheem txheej txheem npaj rau muaj kev cuam tshuam
pH poob siab: Yog tias muaj zog pH < 6 lossis> 9, ua qhov tseem ceeb hauv lub tank sib npaug; Qhov zoo tshaj pH ntau rau sludge yog 6.5-8.5.
Siab -load poob siab: Yog hais tias muaj zog COD spikes, tsis txhob blindly nce aeration; ua ntej tswj xyuas qhov chaw anoxic/anaerobic kom tiv thaiv sludge toxicity; dilute lub influent los yog txo inflow ntim yog tias tsim nyog. Tsawg-load influent: Thaum lub caij los nag lossis lub caij tsis txaus, txo MLSS thiab lub tshuab cua tso tawm kom tsis txhob muaj sludge hla- oxidation thiab aging.
VIII. Kev Ntseeg Tsis Zoo
Kev siv cov pa roj carbon ntau heev thaum TN siab, yam tsis tau kuaj xyuas qhov chaw anoxic DO lossis oxygen nqa- dhau ntawm kev rov ua haujlwm sab hauv;
Qhov muag tsis pom kev nce aeration thaum ammonia-nitrogen siab, thaum tsis quav ntsej cov alkalinity tsis txaus lossis tsis muaj hnub nyoog sludge;
Siv zog rau siab MLSS thiab ua tsis tau sludge pov tseg rau ncua sij hawm, ua rau sludge laus thiab poob ntawm phosphorus tshem tawm efficiency;
Ua kom zoo ib yam siab DO thoob plaws tag nrho lub tank tsis muaj zoning, ua rau poob ntawm anaerobic thiab anoxic zog;
Ua qhov hloov pauv tsis zoo rau txhua qhov ib zaug, tawm hauv qhov system sludge tsis tuaj yeem hloov kho thiab ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv cov ntsuas kev ua tau zoo.
IX. Standard Operating Steps for Process Optimization
Sau cov dej zoo thiab cov ntaub ntawv sludge los txheeb xyuas qhov txawv txav tsis zoo;
Txiav txim seb qhov teeb meem tshwm sim los ntawm cov yam ntxwv muaj zog, sludge tej yam kev mob, lossis kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo;
Ua cov kev hloov me me rau ib qho parameter; tsis txhob hloov ntau yam hloov pauv ib txhij;
Saib xyuas qhov system rau 1-2 sludge cycles thiab sau cov kev hloov pauv hauv cov ntsuas kev ua haujlwm;
Ua raws li kev hloov kho ntxiv tsuas yog tias cov txiaj ntsig tsis txaus siab.
Cov kab hauv qab: Qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej rau kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem yog tswj kom ruaj khov effluent ua raws; Kev ua kom zoo tshaj plaws yuav tsum sib npaug ntawm lub zog thiab kev siv tshuaj lom neeg kom ua tiav ob lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tswj hwm kev ua raws cai thiab txo nqi.
