Ntau tus neeg tsis paub meej txog qhov no, thiab txawm tias cov kws tshaj lij tshwj xeeb feem ntau muaj kev nkag siab tsis zoo. PAC, PAM, PFS, sodium hypochlorite, scale inhibitors, defluorinating cov neeg ua haujlwm, cov pa roj carbon monoxide ... cov npe nyuaj rau nco ntsoov, ua haujlwm tsis meej pem, thiab cov tshuaj feem ntau tau muab tshuaj tsis zoo - ntxiv thaum lawv tsis tsim nyog, lossis tshem tawm thaum tsim nyog. Nws tsis yog tias cov neeg ua haujlwm tsis ntse; Nws yog qhov yooj yim uas tsis muaj leej twg tau hais meej meej txhua yam tawm rau lawv.
Cov kev sib tw nrog cov tshuaj kho dej nyob hauv lawv cov ntau yam: muaj ntau hom, qee qhov ua haujlwm rau ntau lub hom phiaj, thiab cov npe sib txawv. Thaum siv ob peb ua ke, qhov teeb meem tsis yog tsis nco qab lawv xwb - nws yog qhov sib xyaw ua ke. Niaj hnub no, cia peb ua kom lawv tawg.
01
Coagulants thiab Flocculants: Lub Dynamic Duo ntawm Kev Kho Mob Physicochemical
Ib qho tsis ruaj khov, lwm tus txuas hniav -tsis txhob sib tov.
Ob hom tshuaj no yuav luag ib txwm siv ua ke, tab sis lawv txoj haujlwm sib txawv kiag li; txhob confuse lawv.
Coagulants tuav destabilization: lawv neutralize tus nqi saum npoo ntawm colloidal hais nyob rau hauv dej, ua rau cov khoom zoo- uas yuav txwv tsis pub nyob twj ywm -kom clump ua ke rau hauv me me "micro-flocs." Flocculants tuav txoj kab txuas: lawv khi cov me me me no -flocs ua ke rau hauv loj, hnyav flocs uas tuaj yeem tawm los yog dewatered zoo.
Ib tug neutralizes tus nqi ntawm particle nto ces lawv tsis repel ib leeg; lwm tus siv ntev -chain polymers los txuas cov khoom tsis ruaj khov ua ke. Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntxiv, ib yam nkaus: destabilization yuav tsum tuaj ua ntej txuas; thim rov qab qhov kev txiav txim yields zoo tsis muaj txiaj ntsig.
02
Xaiv Ntawm Peb Hom Coagulants
Xaiv PAC rau niaj hnub turbidity tshem tawm; xaiv hlau- raws li tus neeg sawv cev rau kev tshem tawm phosphorus.
Muaj peb feem ntau siv coagulants.
PAC (Polyaluminum Chloride): Kev lag luam, zoo ntawm kev tshem tawm turbidity, thiab hloov mus rau ntau yam pH. Haum rau cov dej khib nyiab hauv nroog thiab kev lag luam, nws yog qhov mus - xaiv rau kev ua haujlwm niaj hnub. PFS (Polyferric Sulfate): Offers stronger phosphorus removal capabilities than PAC and produces dense, fast-settling flocs. Nws yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau siab -phosphorus cov dej khib nyiab, xws li los ntawm cov chaw tua tsiaj, cov ntawv zeb, thiab cov nroj tsuag tshuaj phosphorus. Ferric Chloride: Ua tau zoo ntawm coagulation thiab phosphorus tshem tawm, tab sis corrosive heev. Nws yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv - kev ntsuas corrosion rau cov cuab yeej thiab feem ntau tsis yog thawj qhov kev xaiv, txawm hais tias nws yog siv rau hauv cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb. Rau kev tshem tawm turbidity niaj hnub, xaiv PAC; rau kev tshem tawm phosphorus tshwj xeeb, xaiv cov hlau-raws li coagulants{11}} txoj cai ntawm tus ntiv tes xoo no tsis tshua muaj. Qee cov nroj tsuag tawm tsam kom txo qis phosphorus thaum tseem siv PAC; hloov mus rau ib qho hlau-raws li cov khoom lag luam tau txais txiaj ntsig tam sim ntawd. Nws tsis yog tias PAC tsis muaj txiaj ntsig; nws tsuas yog tsis yog lub cuab yeej zoo rau txoj haujlwm tshwj xeeb ntawd.
03
Core Flocculant: PAM
Siv Anionic rau Sedimentation Aid; Siv Cationic rau Dewatering
Lub ntsiab flocculant yog PAM (polyacrylamide). Nws los nyob rau hauv peb hom raws li tus nqi ionic, txhua tus muaj cov kev siv sib txawv.
Anionic PAM yog qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws rau cov dej khib nyiab uas muaj cov av xuab zeb thiab cov khoom tsis muaj tshuaj lom ntau ntau -zoo tagnrho rau cov dej ntxhua khaub ncaws, cov dej khib nyiab ceramic, thiab pab cov sedimentation nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw tso tsheb hlau luam. Cationic PAM nqa tus nqi zoo thiab tshwj xeeb rau sludge dewatering; Ntxiv nws ua ntej lub lim xovxwm txhim kho cov dej tso tawm, uas tuaj yeem txo cov sludge noo noo ntawm 97% mus rau qis dua 80%. Tsis yog -ionic PAM muaj cov ntawv thov nqaim thiab tsis tshua siv.
Tsuas yog nco ntsoov: siv anionic rau sedimentation pab thiab cationic rau dewatering. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qhov pitfall nrog PAM: xaiv qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm molecular hnyav lossis ionic℃ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig sib txawv. Txawm hais tias ntawm cationic PAM cov khoom, qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov hnyav molecular (piv txwv li, 8 lab vs . 12 lab) lossis ionic℃(piv txwv li, 20 vs . 40) tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb hauv cov dej noo ntawm cov khoom qab zib sludge. Cov dej sib txawv yuav tsum muaj lub rooj ntev zaum- ntsuas ntsuas kom raug xaiv; tsis txhob cia siab tias ib hom PAM ua haujlwm rau txhua qhov xwm txheej.
Kuv tau pom ntau cov nroj tsuag qhov twg PAM kev ua tau zoo hloov pauv tom qab hloov hom, tsuas yog kom pom cov qib ionic txawv ntawm cov khoom ua ntej. Yog li, thaum hloov cov neeg muag khoom, tsis txhob tsom rau tus nqi nkaus xwb - xyuas kom meej qhov hnyav molecular thiab ionic℃tsis haum rau koj cov kev xav tau.
04
Carbon Sources: Roj rau Denitrification Systems
Plaub Hom Carbon Sources: Pros thiab Cons
Hauv kev denitrification, yog tias cov pa roj carbon tsis txaus, cov kab mob tshaib plab, thiab tag nrho cov qib nitrogen tsis poob. Qhov no yog ib qho teeb meem. Cov nroj tsuag uas muaj cov pa roj carbon zoo txaus- mus rau - nitrogen (C / N) piv tsis tas yuav ntxiv ntau, tab sis cov nroj tsuag dej khib nyiab uas muaj C / N piv yuav luag ib txwm xav tau kev pab ntxiv.
Txhua ntawm plaub qhov chaw carbon muaj nws qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo. Yav dhau los kuv tau sau qhov kev tshuaj xyuas sib piv-"Methanol, Sodium Acetate, Glucose, lossis Composite Carbon Sources: Yam Koj Yuav Tsum Xaiv rau Denitrification?"-tab sis ntawm no yog cov ntsiab lus luv luv. Methanol muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm cov pa roj carbon ntau tshaj plaws thiab tus nqi qis tshaj, tab sis raws li Class A tshuaj lom neeg, nws qhov chaw khaws cia thiab kev thauj mus los yuav tsum tau kev pom zoo rau hluav taws kev nyab xeeb -ib qho kev cuam tshuam cov nroj tsuag me me feem ntau tsis muaj peev xwm tshem tawm. Sodium acetate boasts siab siv tus nqi thiab yuav tsum tsis muaj lub sij hawm hloov pauv thaum hloov, ua rau nws yog ib qho kev xaiv zoo rau kev tswj xyuas qhov tseeb; Txawm li cas los xij, nws crystallizes thiab txhaws cov kav dej hauv lub caij ntuj no, ua rau mob taub hau rau cov nroj tsuag nyob rau sab qaum teb. Glucose muaj kev nyab xeeb tab sis qeeb - ua haujlwm; nws yuav tsum tsis txhob xaiv yog tias lub sij hawm tuav hydraulic hauv lub tank tsis txaus. Composite carbon qhov chaw, tsim los ntawm ntau yam khoom, muab kev siv tau zoo nyob thoob plaws ntau haiv neeg microbial; lawv ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv qis- qhov kub thiab txias, muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab tsis yog -crystallizing, thiab tsim nyog rau kev ruaj khov, ntev - siv sijhawm ntev.
Thaum xaiv cov pa roj carbon monoxide, xav txog peb yam: muaj cov khoom tsim nyog tshuaj lom neeg, lub caij ntuj no dej kub hloov pauv, thiab ntim kev kho mob. Yog tias tsim nyog, methanol yog qhov kev xaiv pheej yig tshaj plaws; tsis muaj kev tsim nyog, sodium acetate txaus yog tias cov dej kub siab tshaj 15℃xyoo-ib puag ncig. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias lub caij ntuj no kub poob qis dua 12 degree, cov pa roj carbon sib xyaw ua ke - uas muaj qhov siab qis - siv kub thiab tsis crystallize - tuaj yeem ua rau cov nqi qis dua li sodium acetate.
Muaj ntau ntau los tham txog cov pa roj carbon monoxide, tab sis raws li cov ncauj lus no tau hais meej meej hauv cov ntawv dhau los, kuv yuav tsis rov hais dua ntawm no.
05
Cov kws kho mob tshwj xeeb hauv Advanced Treatment
Deployed tsuas yog rau cov kev txwv tshwj xeeb tshaj qhov txwv
Thawj ob pawg yog siv los ntawm yuav luag txhua qhov chaw kho dej khib nyiab. Pawg no sib txawv - nws tsuas yog siv los hais txog cov kev txwv tshwj xeeb uas tshaj tawm qhov txwv.
Cov tshuaj fluoride tshem tawm: Cov no feem ntau yog siv rau fluoride- muaj cov dej khib nyiab los ntawm kev lag luam xws li photovoltaics, electronics, semiconductors, mining thiab metallurgy, thiab phosphorus chemicals. Feem ntau cov nroj tsuag kho cov tshuaj fluoride- cov dej khib nyiab siv ob- cov txheej txheem tshem tawm: thawj theem calcium ntsev nag los txo cov tshuaj fluoride mus rau 20–30 mg/L, tom qab ntawd los ntawm polishing theem siv cov tshuaj fluoride tshwj xeeb tshem tawm kom muaj qib qis dua 2 mg/L. Calcium ntsev theem nthuav tawm cov teeb meem hais txog cov sludge ntim siab thiab tswj pH nyuaj, thaum tus neeg sawv cev tshwj xeeb theem hinges ntawm kev xaiv cov tshuaj kom raug thiab kho cov pH rov qab mus rau qhov tsim nyog. Thaum ob theem ua tau zoo- kev sib xyaw ua ke, tus nqi tag nrho yog qis dua li txoj kev ntsev calcium ntshiab, thiab cov sludge ntim tuaj yeem txo los ntawm ib nrab. Kuv tau txheeb xyuas qhov no kom ntxaws hauv cov ntawv dhau los, yog li kuv yuav tso nws ntawm qhov ntawd rau tam sim no.
Heavy hlau chelating agents: Cov hom phiaj hnyav xws li mercury, lead, tooj liab, npib tsib xee, thiab chromium pom nyob rau hauv cov dej khib nyiab los ntawm electroplating, Circuit Court board manufacturing, thiab mining ua hauj lwm. Lub tshuab muaj xws li chelating pab pawg nyob rau hauv tus neeg sawv cev tsim ruaj khov precipitates nrog hnyav hlau ions, zoo ntes cov hlau hnyav los ntawm dej. Piv nrog rau cov txheej txheem hydroxide nag lossis daus, cov hlau hnyav chelating cov neeg ua haujlwm muaj ntau qhov zoo: qhov zoo ntawm pH ntau yam (lawv tsis zoo li pH-sensitive li alkali nag), kev ua tau zoo tiv thaiv cov hlau hnyav hnyav (thaum hydroxide nag lossis daus yog qhov tsis zoo tiv thaiv cov tooj liab lossis npib tsib xee), thiab cov khoom me me tsis ruaj khov. re-ua kua.
Txawm li cas los xij, nco ntsoov tias cov neeg ua haujlwm no tsis yog kho tau-tag nrho; Cov hlau hnyav sib txawv yuav tsum muaj ntau hom chelates. Txij li thaum chelation tej yam kev mob rau tooj liab, npib tsib xee, thiab chromium sib txawv, lub rooj ntev zaum - ntsuas ntsuas yog tsim nyog los xyuas qhov kev xaiv. Kev noj tshuaj kuj yuav tsum yog qhov tseeb: nyob rau hauv - kev noj tshuaj ua rau cov dej ntws tawm ntau tshaj qhov txwv, thaum tshaj - kev siv nyiaj pov tseg ntawm cov tshuaj.
Decolorizing tus neeg sawv cev yog dav siv hauv textile printing, dyeing, thiab papermaking wastewater kho; Lawv feem ntau yog quaternary ammonium polymers uas sai sai tawm xim. Raws li qhov no tsis yog peb lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb, peb tsuas yog hais luv luv xwb.
06
System-Txhawb Tshuaj
Lawv tsis kho cov pa phem ncaj qha tab sis yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Cov hom tshuaj no tsis ncaj qha kho cov pa phem tab sis yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev.
Scale inhibitors yog indispensable rau RO daim nyias nyias thiab circulating dej systems. Calcium thiab magnesium ions tuaj yeem tsim cov nplai uas txhaws daim nyias nyias pores; scale inhibitors tiv thaiv cov ntsev ntawm crystallizing thiab precipitating. Organophosphonates (xws li HEDP thiab ATMP) zoo tiv thaiv calcium carbonate nplai, thaum cov polymers (xws li PAA) ua haujlwm zoo tiv thaiv silica thiab hlau nplai. Ua raws li daim nyias nyias cov lus pom zoo thaum xaiv tus inhibitor; tsis txhob xaiv arbitrary.
Biocides tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob thiab algae ntawm daim nyias nyias thiab hauv cov kav dej. Oxidizing biocides (piv txwv li, sodium hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide) yog ceev- ua yeeb yam thiab pheej yig tab sis deplete sai, yuav tsum tau noj tas li. Tsis yog-oxidizing biocides (piv txwv li, isothiazolinones, quaternary ammonium ntsev) muab cov teebmeem ntev dua- thiab tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm pH. Kev ua tau zoo qhia txog kev hloov ntawm oxidizing thiab tsis yog{10}} oxidizing hom; kev cia siab rau ib yam nkaus xwb tuaj yeem ua rau microbial tsis kam, ua rau txawm tias ntau npaum li cas tsis zoo.
pH adjusters: Sodium hydroxide yog qhov kev xaiv huv tshaj plaws rau kev nce pH, thaum txiv qaub yog pheej yig tab sis tsim cov sludge tseem ceeb; hydrochloric los yog sulfuric acid yog siv los txo pH thiab tseem ua hauj lwm hauv kev tu daim nyias nyias. Cov no yuav raug siv thoob plaws hauv cov txheej txheem tag nrho, tab sis zam kev hloov kho tsis raug cai- ua ntej hloov pH, xav kom meej meej vim li cas, theem hom phiaj, thiab seb qhov kev hloov kho puas yuav cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem hauv qab.
07
Ib qho tshuaj, siv ntau yam; ib yam khoom, ntau lub npe
Ib qho kev hloov hauv cov txheej txheem txheej txheem txhais tau hais tias kev hloov pauv hauv kev ua haujlwm
Cov tshuaj siv tshuaj hauv tsev muaj ob peb "multitaskers"- tib cov tshuaj ua haujlwm sib txawv nyob ntawm tus txheej txheem txheej txheem. Qhov no kuj yog qhov uas tsis meej pem feem ntau tshwm sim ntawm -site.
Txiv qaub yog ib qho piv txwv classic. Nws yog siv rau kev hloov kho pH, tshem tawm cov tshuaj fluoride, dej softening, thiab ua ib qho kev pab hauv tshuaj phosphorus tshem tawm. Nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si physicochemical kev kho mob theem thiab kev kho mob siab heev, tab sis cov qib npaum li cas sib txawv los ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm qhov loj, yog li ib tus tsis tuaj yeem luam tawm yooj yim -paste qhov chaw noj tshuaj. Ferrous sulfate zoo ib yam; thaum feem ntau yog coagulant, nws kuj tshem tawm phosphorus thiab xim. Nyob rau hauv acidic tej yam kev mob, nws txo hexavalent chromium rau trivalent chromium-ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb hauv kev kho chromium-laden electroplating dej khib nyiab. Sodium hypochlorite yog siv tsis tsuas yog rau kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam thiab tua kab mob, tab sis kuj rau decolorization, cyanide puas tsuaj (nyob rau hauv alkaline tej yam kev mob), thiab ntxuav daim nyias nyias thiab piping.
Kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv kev sau npe cov rooj sib tham ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau dua. Cov neeg sib txawv siv cov npe sib txawv rau tib yam khoom: PAC sawv cev rau Polyaluminum Chloride, txawm tias qee tus xa mus rau nws li Basic Aluminium Chloride; kua alkali, caustic soda, thiab sodium hydroxide tag nrho hais txog tib yam; dej qab zib tshauv yog sodium carbonate; PAM stands rau Polyacrylamide, uas yog ntxiv categorized rau anionic, cationic, thiab tsis yog - ionic hom. "Composite carbon sources" yog cov piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws; Cov neeg muag khoom sib txawv siv cov npe lag luam sib txawv thiab cov qauv tsim, yog li lub npe ib leeg qhia me ntsis.
Yog li ntawd, tsis txhob sau tshuaj los ntawm lub npe; cim lawv los ntawm kev ua haujlwm uas lawv ua hauv qhov system. Yog tias tib cov tshuaj siv rau hauv cov txheej txheem sib txawv, qhov ntau npaum li cas thiab kev tswj xyuas yuav hloov tag nrho; conversely, ob yam khoom uas muaj tib lub npe yuav tsis tas sib koom tib yam muaj pes tsawg leeg. Thaum muaj qhov tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm kev yuav khoom thiab ntawm -qhov tseeb ntawm qhov chaw, qhia meej meej yam khoom yog dab tsi thiab nws xav ua dab tsi ua ntej sib tham txog nqe.
08
Wrapping nrog ib lub ntsiab lus
Kev siv ceev ceev rau yim pawg ntawm cov tshuaj
Coagulants: Cov khoom sawv cev muaj xws li PAC, PFS, thiab ferric chloride. Lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog destabilizing hais los tsim flocs, nrog rau tshem tawm turbidity thiab phosphorus. Cov xwm txheej ntawm daim ntawv thov muaj xws li thawj lub tso tsheb hlau luam sedimentation thiab kev tshem tawm phosphorus siab heev.
Flocculants: Cov khoom sawv cev suav nrog PAM (anionic / cationic). Lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog txuas cov khoom mus rau hauv cov flocs loj thiab pab hauv sedimentation thiab dewatering. Cov xwm txheej ntawm daim ntawv thov muaj xws li cov tso tsheb hlau luam sedimentation thiab lim xovxwm. Cov pa roj carbon monoxide: Cov khoom sawv cev muaj xws li methanol, sodium acetate, thiab cov khoom sib xyaw carbon. Lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog txhawm rau ntxiv cov pa roj carbon monoxide los txhawb kev denitrification (nitrogen tshem tawm), feem ntau siv hauv cov tso tsheb hlau luam anoxic.
Defluorinating agents: Cov khoom sawv cev muaj xws li calcium ntsev thiab tshwj xeeb defluorinating agents. Lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog kev tshem tawm cov tshuaj fluoride sib sib zog nqus hauv theem ob, feem ntau yog siv rau photovoltaic thiab hluav taws xob tsim cov dej khib nyiab.
Heavy hlau precipitants: Cov khoom sawv cev muaj xws li chelating precipitants. Lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog txhawm rau ntes cov hlau hnyav thiab tsim cov dej khov ruaj khov, feem ntau yog siv rau electroplating thiab Circuit Court board tsim cov dej khib nyiab.
Antiscalants: Cov khoom sawv cev suav nrog HEDP thiab PAA. Their primary function is to prevent scaling on membranes and in pipelines, typically used in RO systems and circulating water systems.
Biocides: Cov khoom sawv cev muaj xws li sodium hypochlorite thiab isothiazolinones. Lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam thiab algae inhibition, feem ntau siv hauv cov txheej txheem membrane thiab cov dej ntws.
pH adjusters: Cov khoom sawv cev muaj xws li kua caustic soda (NaOH), hydrochloric acid, thiab txiv qaub. Lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog kho cov qib pH, muaj feem xyuam rau txhua theem txheej txheem.
09
Peb Txoj Cai rau Kev Xaiv Tshuaj
Ua lub rooj zaum - ntsuas ntsuas ua ntej · Xam tag nrho cov nqi · Xav txog cov txheej txheem
Ua ntej, ua lub rooj zaum - ntsuas ntsuas ua ntej ntsuas qhov ntsuas. Cov dej zoo cuam tshuam rau cov tshuaj ua haujlwm li cas; PAC ntau npaum li cas, piv txwv li, tuaj yeem nyob qhov twg los ntawm 50 txog 300 mg / L-koj tuaj yeem paub li cas yam tsis tau kuaj? Tsis txhob cia li mloog tus neeg muag khoom qhov "ib txwm noj"; koj qhov "typical" tsis zoo ib yam li lawv.
Qhov thib ob, suav tag nrho cov nqi, tsis yog nqi tsev xwb. Cov tshuaj kim kim yuav xav tau cov tshuaj tsawg dua thiab muaj kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov, uas ua rau tus nqi qis dua ib tuj dej kho. Hloov pauv, cov tshuaj pheej yig yuav xav tau ntau npaum li cas lossis ua rau cov txiaj ntsig tsis zoo- ua rau rov ua haujlwm dua thiab cov nqi tag nrho ntau dua.
Thib peb, xyuas kom meej tias cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke. Dissolved air flotation (DAF) xav tau lub teeb flocs, thaum sedimentation yuav tsum hnyav flocs, lub ntsiab lus xaiv ntawm PAC thiab PAM txawv kiag li. Biochemical systems yog rhiab heev rau tshuaj toxicity; Tsis txhob ntxiv cov oxidants muaj zog rau biochemical tanks. Rau cov txheej txheem membrane, sab laj cov chaw tsim khoom cov npe sib raug zoo thaum xaiv cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab biocides; Kev siv cov tshuaj tsis sib xws tuaj yeem ua rau cov tawv nqaij puas.
Peb lub hauv paus ntsiab lus no yooj yim, tab sis tsawg dua ib nrab ntawm tag nrho cov nroj tsuag tau ua raws li lawv- feem ntau tsuas yog xav tias yuav khiav kev sim tom qab muaj teeb meem tshwm sim, feem ntau pom tau lig dhau lawm tias lawv tau siv cov tshuaj tsis raug tag nrho. Peb Txoj Cai Xaiv Cov Tshuaj
Ua me me - ntsuas ntsuas ua ntej ntsuas qhov ntau npaum li cas (PAC ntau npaum li cas tuaj yeem nyob ntawm 50 txog 300 mg / L; koj yuav tsis paub tus nqi zoo yam tsis muaj kev sim). Xam tag nrho cov nqi ntau dua li cov nqi tsev (cov tshuaj kim heev yuav xav tau cov tshuaj qis dua thiab muab kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov, ua rau tus nqi qis dua ib tuj dej kho). Xyuas kom cov chemicals phim cov txheej txheem (cov huab cua dissolved flotation yuav tsum tau lub teeb flocs, sedimentation yuav tsum hnyav flocs, thiab membrane systems yuav tsum tau xyuas cov npe compatibility).
Kev xav zaum kawg
Cov tshuaj yuav zoo li nyuaj, tab sis lawv paub meej thaum categorized los ntawm kev ua haujlwm: theem physicochemical cia siab rau coagulation thiab flocculation; theem biochemical cia siab rau cov pa roj carbon; theem kev kho mob siab heev cia siab rau cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb; thiab cov no yog supplemented los ntawm scale inhibitors, biocides, thiab pH adjusters. Qhov kev sib tw tiag tiag tsis yog cim cov npe, tab sis txiav txim siab seb cov tshuaj twg haum rau koj cov dej zoo thiab cov txheej txheem -kev ua tau zoo tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm tib hom tshuaj los ntawm cov tuam txhab sib txawv. Yog li, tsis txhob txiav cov ces kaum: khiav me me - ntsuas ntsuas, suav tag nrho cov nqi, thiab ntsuas cov txheej txheem sib raug. Ua tib zoo ua raws li peb cov kauj ruam no tuaj yeem cawm koj ntawm kev rov ua haujlwm ntau tom qab.
