Piv rau ib qho - cov ntxaij lim dej tawm xov xwm, cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm ntau - cov ntxaij lim dej tawm xov xwm yog:
Ua tiav qhov zoo tshaj plaws "filter media" faib: Cov dej ntws los ntawm sab saum toj mus rau hauv qab los ntawm cov txheej txheem lim xov xwm nrog qhov sib txawv thiab qhov loj me, ib txwm tsim cov pore faib nrog cov khoom coarser rau saum thiab cov khoom zoo nyob hauv qab.
Kev ua kom pom muaj peev xwm ntau tshaj plaws: Cov txheej lim dej ntxhib (xws li, anthracite) cuam tshuam cov khoom loj ntawm cov khib nyiab loj, thaum lub lim dej zoo (piv txwv li, quartz xuab zeb) lim cov khoom me me, nthuav dav lub voj voog pom thiab ua kom cov av ntau dua - tuav lub peev xwm.
Reducing water flow resistance and preventing rapid surface clogging: The top layer of coarse filter media effectively prevents suspended solids from forming a dense "filter cake" on the filter layer surface, allowing water to flow smoothly into the interior of the filter layer for deep filtration.
Kev xaiv tsis yog tsuas yog xaiv cov khoom siv xwb, tab sis kuj yog hais txog kev xaiv lawv lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg.
1. Feem ntau siv lim Media thiab lawv cov yam ntxwv
Anthracite: Feem ntau siv los ua cov txheej txheem saum toj kawg nkaus lim tawm. Nws muaj qhov ntom ntom ntom (~ 1.6 g / cm³), tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov zoo, ntxhib thiab ntxeem tau nto, muaj peev xwm adsorption muaj zog, thiab av loj - tuav lub peev xwm. Txawm li cas los xij, nws qhov hardness kuj tsawg, thiab nws muaj qee tus nqi ntawm kev hnav ntev - lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. High-density, siab-hardness, siab-zoo anthracite yog yuav tsum tau.
Quartz Sand: Core, nruab nrab, lossis hauv qab txheej lim tawm. Qhov ntom ntom (~ 2.65 g / cm³), siab tawv, hnav-tiv taus, corrosion- tiv taus, pheej yig, thiab dav muaj. Smooth nto, tab sis nws interception peev yog me ntsis tsawg dua anthracite. Nws raug faib ua ntxhib thiab nplua xuab zeb raws li qhov loj me rau cov txheej txheem sib txawv.
Gemstone/Ilmenite: Usually used as the bottom layer filter media. High density (>4.5 g / cm³), nws tuaj yeem ruaj khov nyob hauv qab thaum rov qab ntxuav, tiv thaiv kev poob ntawm cov xuab zeb zoo thiab cov khoom siv roj. Tus nqi siab dua, feem ntau yog siv rau hauv daim ntawv thov kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lim xov xwm txheej txheej.
Cov pa roj carbon activated: Cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb (tshem tawm cov organic teeb meem, cov tshuaj chlorine seem, thiab ntxhiab tsw). Nws muaj qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm thaj chaw loj thiab muaj zog adsorption muaj peev xwm. Tsawg ceev, yooj yim ploj; tsis tshua muaj zog mechanical zog, hnav yuav tsim hmoov. Feem ntau tsis yog siv ib leeg los ua qhov nruab nrab lim, tab sis ua ke nrog quartz xuab zeb thiab lwm yam xov xwm los tsim ib qho multi-media lim txaj.
Garnet: Ib qho kev hloov pauv rau magnetite raws li qhov siab - lim xov xwm nyob rau hauv qab txheej. High ceev (~ 4.2 g / cm³), siab hardness, ntse particle npoo, ua rau me pores thiab ntau dua pom precision.
Fiber Balls / Lim Media: Siv rau ultra- siab precision pom. Variable porosity, av heev heev - tuav lub peev xwm. Feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv standalone zoo lim, tsis tshua sib xyaw nrog cov tsoos granular lim xov xwm.
Ntau-media Filters_Xinxiang Liefert Filter Co., Ltd.
2. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev txiav txim siab rau lim Media xaiv
Cov dej muaj txiaj ntsig zoo: Tshem tawm cov khib nyiab pov tseg, qhov loj me me, cov khoom siv roj, cov ntsiab lus organic, thiab lwm yam. Cov khib nyiab siab: Anthracite nrog cov av siab - tuav lub peev xwm yog nyiam dua. Oily: Hydrophobic/oleophilic lossis nto- hloov kho lim xov xwm yuav tsum raug txiav txim siab. Organic teeb meem / residual chlorine tshem tawm yuav tsum tau: Activated carbon txheej tau ntxiv.
Kev xav tau dej: Lub hom phiaj turbidity, tshem tawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khib nyiab. Cov kev xav tau siab yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo dua hauv qab txheej lim xov xwm (xws li cov xuab zeb zoo quartz) lossis ntau - txheej txheej.
Chemical compatibility: Cov lim xov xwm yuav tsum muaj peev xwm tiv taus tus nqi pH thiab oxidants ntawm cov dej muaj zog kom tsis txhob muaj kev sib cais lossis kev puas tsuaj.
Cov nqi khiav lag luam thiab kev saib xyuas: Qhov no suav nrog cov nqi lim xov xwm, hloov lub voj voog, thiab kev siv dej thiab hluav taws xob rau kev rov qab ntxuav.
Kev muab qhab nia zoo dua yog tus yuam sij rau kev ua tau zoo ntawm ntau- cov ntxaij lim dej tawm. Nws lub hom phiaj yog ua kom tiav zoo meej stratification ntawm txhua txheej ntawm lim xov xwm tom qab rov qab ntxuav, tsim ib qho zoo tagnrho "loo saum, ntom hauv qab" qauv.
1. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tseem ceeb: Synergy ntawm ntom thiab particle loj sib txawv
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ceev: Qhov no yog lub hauv paus rau kev ua tiav stratification. Nws yuav tsum tau ua kom ntseeg tau tias qhov ntom ntawm cov txheej saum toj kawg nkaus lim xov xwm < qhov ceev ntawm nruab nrab txheej lim xov xwm < qhov ceev ntawm cov txheej hauv qab lim tawm. Classic ua ke: Anthracite (1.6) < Quartz xuab zeb (2.65) < Magnetite (4.5).
Particle loj hauv paus ntsiab lus: Nyob rau hauv lub premise ntawm kom ntseeg tau tias qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv, qhov loj me ntawm cov txheej txheem saum toj kawg nkaus lim xov xwm> qhov loj me ntawm nruab nrab txheej lim xov xwm> qhov loj me ntawm cov hauv qab txheej lim tawm. Qhov no ua kom ntseeg tau tias txawm tias cov dej ntws rov qab los cuam tshuam cov lim xov xwm, cov denser, cov khoom me me yuav nyob hauv qab.
Lub tswv yim tseem ceeb: Ua tau zoo particle loj piv
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov lim xov xwm sib txawv los ntawm kev sib xyaw thaum rov qab ntxuav (ib qho tshwm sim hu ua "sib xyaw"), qhov ua tau zoo ntawm qhov sib piv ntawm cov lim xov xwm nyob ib sab yog qhov tseem ceeb. Empirically, particle loj piv ntawm sab sauv mus rau hauv qab lim xov xwm yuav tsum ntau tshaj los yog sib npaug zos rau 2. Piv txwv li, qhov zoo particle loj ntawm lub sab saum toj txheej ntawm anthracite yuav tsum yog 1.0 hli, thiab qhov zoo particle loj ntawm lub qis txheej ntawm quartz xuab zeb yuav tsum yog 0.5 hli.
2. Classic gradation schemes thiab optimization tswv yim
Muab ob npaug rau- txheej lim tawm: Sab saum toj txheej - anthracite (particle loj 0.8-1.2 hli), txheej qis - quartz xuab zeb (particle loj 0.4-0.8 hli). Tag nrho cov tuab yog feem ntau 700-900 hli, nrog rau cov coal-rau-xuab zeb thickness piv ntawm kwv yees li 1.5: 1 los yog 2: 1 (xws li, 600 hli thee + 300 hli xuab zeb). Qhov no yog txoj kev siv dav tshaj plaws thiab kev lag luam, haum rau feem ntau cov dej zoo.
Peb- txheej lim tawm: Sab saum toj txheej - anthracite (1.0-1.6mm), nruab nrab txheej - quartz xuab zeb (0.4-0.8mm), hauv qab txheej - magnetite/garnet (0.2-0.5mm). Tag nrho cov tuab yog feem ntau 900-1200mm. Piv txwv piv: 500mm (coal): 300mm (xuab zeb): 100mm (hlau).
3. Kev tswj kom zoo dua qib
Tsis yog-uniformity coefficient (K80): K80=d80/d10. d10 (zoo particle loj) thiab d80 yog cov tsis tseem ceeb.
Xaiv cov lim xov xwm nrog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws tau K80. Qhov me me K80, qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov loj me ntawm cov xov xwm lim dej, qhov zoo sib xws ntawm cov qauv pore, qhov zoo dua cov nyhuv pom, thiab qhov qis dua qhov nce hauv lub taub hau poob.
Backwash siv thiab expansion npaum li cas: Nrhiav ib tug backwash siv uas tso cai rau cov anthracite txheej kom nthuav kom tsim nyog (piv txwv li, 20%-30%), thaum lub quartz xuab zeb txheej tsuas nthuav me ntsis los yog tsis kiag li. Los ntawm kev kho cov dej rov qab thiab cov huab cua ntim (yog tias siv cov cua-dej backwashing), xyuas kom meej tias cov lim xov xwm raug ntxuav kom huv si thaum txo cov xov xwm sib xyaw.
PS: Cov teeb meem tshwm sim hauv kev xyaum
Teeb meem 1: Kev siv rov qab ntau dhau; cov khoom siv puas tsuaj (piv txwv li, hydraulic distributor); tsis txaus thickness ntawm hauv qab siab -density lim xov xwm txheej.
Kev daws: Tshawb xyuas cov khoom siv kom ntseeg tau tias qhov kev sib tw thiab cov tuab ntawm cov txheej txheem hauv qab (pebbles, magnetite) ua tau raws li cov qauv tsim.
Teeb meem 2: Ua los ntawm algae, cov khoom nplaum, hlau thiab manganese oxides, thiab lwm yam hauv lub zog; ua tsis tiav backwashing.
Kev daws: Txhim kho pretreatment; ua cov huab cua tsis tu ncua + dej rov qab; xav txog tshuaj- ua kom rov qab zoo dua.
Teeb meem 3: Tsis tsim nyog particle loj piv, ntau rov qab siv dua, tsis txaus lim xov xwm ceev sib txawv.
Kev daws: Rov xam cov gradation thiab xaiv lim xov xwm uas tsim nyog ntom thiab particle loj; precisely tswj cov txheej txheem backwashing.