II. Cov txheej txheem thiab cov khoom siv Terminology (Cov cuab yeej yog tus nqa khoom ntawm cov txheej txheem, thiab cov txheej txheem yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv)
1. Membrane Bioreactor (MBR): Ib hom tshiab ntawm cov khoom siv kho dej ua ke nrog cov txheej txheem sib cais thiab kev kho mob lom neeg, feem ntau yog siv hauv cov dej phwj hauv nroog, kev kho dej khib nyiab, thiab cov dej rov qab siv dua. Muaj ntau ntau hom membrane bioreactors, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov dej kho dej, nws feem ntau yog hais txog cov khoom -kua sib cais hom. Nws cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb yog kev siv cov txheej txheem membrane los hloov lub tank thib ob sedimentation. MBR membranes tau muab faib ua MBR microfiltration membranes thiab MBR ultrafiltration membranes raws li lawv cov kev sib cais precision.
2. Nthuav Nruab Nrab Lim: Ib qho cuab yeej uas lim cov impurities hauv cov kua los ntawm txheej xov xwm. Nws txoj hauv kev ua haujlwm feem ntau yog siv cov adsorption, tuav, thiab sedimentation los ntawm cov xov xwm txheej (xws li quartz xuab zeb, garnet, thiab lwm yam) kom tshem tawm cov khib nyiab, colloids, organic teeb meem, kab mob, thiab lwm yam impurities los ntawm cov kua, yog li ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm purifying dej zoo.
Nco tseg: Qhov tseem ceeb yog hom xuab zeb lim, cov lim dej ntiav ntiav muaj qhov qis tshaj tawm qhov siab thiab qhov pom ntau dua, tab sis lawv qhov tseeb pom feem ntau qis dua li ntawm quartz xuab zeb lim. Lawv kuj tsim nyog rau ntau yam dej zoo.
3. Quartz Sand Filter: Kuj hu ua xuab zeb lim (SF), nws siv quartz xuab zeb ua cov lim nruab nrab. Nyob rau hauv tej yam siab, dej nrog siab turbidity yog dhau los ntawm ib tug tej thickness ntawm granular los yog tsis yog -granular quartz xuab zeb. Nws tshem tawm sediment, colloids, hlau ions, thiab organic teeb meem, yog li txo turbidity thiab purifying dej.
4. Multimedia Filter (MMF): Siv ob lossis ntau tshaj lim xov xwm. Nyob rau hauv ib lub siab, cov dej uas muaj turbidity siab dhau los ntawm ib co thickness ntawm granular los yog non-granular cov ntaub ntawv, zoo tshem tawm impurities thiab clarifying dej. Feem ntau siv lim xov xwm suav nrog quartz xuab zeb, anthracite, thiab manganese xuab zeb. Nws yog tsuas yog siv rau kev kho dej, kev tshem tawm turbidity, dej softening, thiab ua ntej - kho cov dej ntshiab, ua tiav cov dej turbidity qis dua 3 degrees. Nco tseg: Hauv thaj chaw kho dej, quartz xuab zeb lim thiab ntau - cov lim dej tawm feem ntau siv sib hloov. Tus yuam sij rau lawv daim ntawv thov tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv kev xaiv (hom thiab qauv) ntawm cov lim xov xwm thiab kev sau kom zoo.
5. Activated Carbon Filter (ACF): Ib hom lim uas muaj cov pa roj carbon activated los lim cov khoom tsis muaj kab mob, cov kab mob, thiab qee cov hlau hnyav ions los ntawm dej, thiab txo cov xim dej zoo. Cov pa roj carbon activated feem ntau tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov khoom siv, xws li thee-raws li, ntoo-raws li, thiab nutshell-raws li.
Nco tseg: Hauv thaj chaw kho dej, qhov kev xaiv tsim nyog ntawm nws lub peev xwm adsorption (iodine tus nqi) yog qhov tseem ceeb. Feem ntau, 600-800 mg/g yog txaus rau kev kho dej ntshiab huv; Cov qauv dej haus feem ntau xav tau 800-1000 mg / g; thiab rau cov dej huv huv, dej rau kev txhaj tshuaj, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob-qib ultrapure dej, feem ntau yuav tsum tau 1000-1200 mg / g.
6. Dej Softener (SF): Kuj hu ua softener, nws siv sodium - hom cation exchange resin tshem calcium thiab magnesium ions los ntawm dej, txo cov dej hardness.
Lus Cim: Cov dej softeners yog qhov tseem ceeb raws li kev sib pauv ion, tsis zoo li lwm cov tshuab lim dej hauv cov txheej txheem pretreatment uas feem ntau ua haujlwm los ntawm kev cuam tshuam thiab adsorption. Yog li ntawd, kev xaiv lub tank yuav tsum tau xav txog ntawm tus nqi ntws thiab kev tshaj tawm, txoj kab uas hla kev sib raug zoo [φ=√(4Q/π/v)], thiab, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, txiav txim siab qhov tsim nyog cov khoom thauj khoom thiab xam lub voj voog tsim nyog raws li qhov nyuaj ntawm cov dej nyoos.
Thaum cov dej nyoos yog cov kav dej hauv nroog, nws qhov hardness feem ntau qis (<<50mg/L), and softening is usually unnecessary (scale inhibitors can be used as a substitute). Alternatively, tank selection and resin loading can be simply calculated based on flow rate.
7. Tus kheej- ntxuav lim (SCF): Qhov no yog lub tshuab ntse ntse tswj tsis siv neeg uas siv lub tshuab lim kom ncaj qha cuam tshuam cov impurities hauv dej, tshem tawm cov khib nyiab thiab cov khoom me me, txo cov turbidity, purifying dej zoo, thiab txo cov kab mob fouling, algae, thiab corrosion. Nws ntxuav cov dej thiab tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej siv rau kev ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj.
8. Stacked Disc Filter: Kuj hu ua disc lim los yog stacked phaj lim, nws yog ib hom ntawm nws tus kheej - ntxuav lim uas siv cov qauv tsim (cov chav nyob tuaj yeem ua ke dawb) txhawm rau txhawm rau tshem tawm cov khib nyiab los ntawm cov kab tsim ntawm cov lim discs. Thaum rov qab ntxuav, cov dej ntws tawm mus rau qhov sib txawv kom tshem tawm cov kab mob. Lub tsev lim ntawm lub lim disc muaj cov khoom sib dhos, grooved lossis ribbed annular reinforced yas lim discs, feem ntau sau npe "2", "3", lossis "4". Nws qhov pom tseeb yog feem ntau 5-200μm.
Lus Cim: Hauv kev kho dej, cov ntxaij lim dej feem ntau yog siv ua ntej- lim hauv ultrafiltration systems, nrog qhov tseeb ntawm 50-100μm, ua haujlwm zoo ib yam li cov lim dej ruaj ntseg.
9. Precision Filter: Feem ntau siv lub plhaub tsis muaj steel hlau. Sab hauv, nws siv tubular lim cov ntsiab lus xws li PP yaj- tshuab, xaim-spun, pleated, titanium, los yog activated carbon lim. Cov khoom lim sib txawv raug xaiv raws li qhov nruab nrab pom thiab tsim cov txheej txheem kom ua tiav cov dej tsis zoo uas yuav tsum tau ua.
Lus Cim: Qhov sib txawv ntawm kev pom zoo thiab microfiltration tsis meej kiag li. Microfiltration, txhais dav dav, muaj qhov pom tseeb ntawm kwv yees li 0.1-50 μm; nqaim txhais pom (tshwj xeeb microporous membrane filtration) muaj qhov tseeb ntawm kwv yees li 0.1-10 μm; Thaum zoo pom muaj qhov tseeb ntawm kwv yees li 0.1-100/200 μm.
10. Kev Ruaj Ntseg Lim: Raws li lub npe qhia, thaum lub lim dej precision - qib pom cov cuab yeej siv los tiv thaiv lwm yam khoom siv hauv lub cev xws li RO, nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog kev tiv thaiv, yog li lub npe "kev ruaj ntseg lim."
11. Lub hnab lim: Kuj tseem hu ua lub hnab lim dej, nws muaj lub hnab lim uas txhawb nqa los ntawm lub pob tawb hlau. Cov kua dej ntws los ntawm qhov nkag, yog lim los ntawm lub hnab lim, thiab ntws tawm los ntawm qhov hluav taws xob. Cov impurities raug kaw hauv lub hnab lim, thiab cov lim tuaj yeem rov qab siv dua tom qab hloov lub hnab lim. Feem ntau pom precision yog 1-100 μm, poob rau hauv qeb precision, thiab nws feem ntau yog siv los ua cov lim dej ruaj ntseg.
12. PP Melt-Blown Cartridge Filter: Ib hom cartridge lim. Nws cov ntsiab lus lim dej yog PP yaj- tshuab raj tshuab, cov khoom siv lim tubular ua los ntawm polypropylene (PP) los ntawm cov txheej txheem yaj- tshuab. Feem ntau pom qhov tseeb yog 0.5-100μm, poob rau hauv qeb ntawm kev pom zoo, thiab feem ntau siv los ua cov lim dej ruaj ntseg.
13. Mechanical Filter: Ib lub lim uas feem ntau siv cov khoom siv lub cev cuam tshuam thiab adsorption. Yog li ntawd, qhov tseem ceeb, cov ntxaij lim dej ua ntej thiab cov ntxaij lim dej kev ruaj ntseg tau hais los saum no, tshwj tsis yog cov lim dej softening, tag nrho yog nyob rau hauv qeb ntawm cov tshuab lim. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv thaj chaw kho dej, "cov tshuab lim dej" qee zaum siv los qhia tshwj xeeb rau cov lim xuab zeb lossis ntau- cov lim dej tawm (qhov no yog qhov qhia tsis tseeb).
14. Pipeline Lim: Feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm kev sib txuas cov kav dej, lub tog raj kheej, lub pob tawb lim, flanges, flange npog, thiab fasteners, ntsia rau hauv cov kav dej kom tshem tawm cov khoom loj dua ntawm cov kua dej, tiv thaiv cov khoom siv hauv qab (twj, twj, thiab lwm yam) thiab ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg. Cov piv txwv muaj xws li Y- hom lim raj thiab cov lim pob tawb.
15. Channel tov khoom: Ib qho khoom siv uas ua tiav cov dej sib xyaw ua ke thaum lawv ntws los ntawm cov yeeb nkab siv cov khoom tshwj xeeb lossis cov khoom sib xyaw. Hauv kev kho dej, feem ntau yog siv los txuas rau cov kav dej thaum ntxiv ntau yam tshuaj xws li coagulants, txo cov neeg ua haujlwm, thiab cov nplai inhibitors.
16. Microfiltration (MF): Kuj tseem hu ua microporous membrane filtration, nws yog cov txheej txheem membrane uas siv qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv raws li kev tsav tsheb thiab kev ua sieving ntawm lub sieve -zoo li lim xov xwm membrane rau kev sib cais. Qhov pom tseeb yog kwv yees li 0.1-10 μm. Nws feem ntau khaws cov colloids, tshem tawm cov khib nyiab, thiab cov kab mob hauv cov kua dej los ntawm sieving. Kev khiav hauj lwm siab yog kwv yees li 0.07-0.2 MPa.
17. Ultrafiltration (UF): Ib txheej txheej membrane sib cais nrog kev pom tseeb ntawm microfiltration thiab nanofiltration, uas tau tsav los ntawm lub siab thiab raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm sieving. Nws qhov pom tseeb yog kwv yees li 0.002-0.1 μm (2-100 nm), thiab qhov hnyav molecular txiav (MWCO) yog kwv yees li 1000-200000 Daltons (Da). Nws tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov khoom, colloids, kab mob, pyrogens, thiab siab molecular hnyav organic teeb meem los ntawm dej. Kev khiav hauj lwm siab yog kwv yees li 0.1-0.3 MPa.
Nco tseg: Lub pore loj ntawm ultrafiltration membranes siv nyob rau hauv semiconductor kev lag luam ultrapure dej tshuab yog kwv yees li 0.005 μm, thiab MWCO yog kwv yees li 6000 Da.
18. Nanofiltration (NF): Lim precision yog nruab nrab ntawm ultrafiltration thiab thim rov qab osmosis. Nws yog siab- tsav thiab feem ntau ua tiav kev sib cais los ntawm cov hauv paus ntsiab lus xws li sieving, dissolution diffusion, charge repulsion, thiab cov nyhuv Donnan. Nws qhov pom tseeb yog kwv yees li 1-2 nm, thiab qhov hnyav molecular txiav tawm yog kwv yees li 200-1000 Daltons. Nws tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov ions theem nrab thiab ntau yam, ntau yam khoom uas muaj qhov hnyav molecular ntau dua 200, thiab qee qhov tshem tawm cov monovalent ions thiab cov khoom uas muaj qhov hnyav molecular tsawg dua 200. Nws ua tiav kev xaiv sib cais ntawm ions ntawm cov valences sib txawv rau qee yam. Kev khiav hauj lwm siab yog 0.3-0.6 MPa.
19. Rov qab Osmosis (RO): Tsav los ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv, lub siab yog siv rau cov khoom noj khoom haus ntawm cov khoom noj. Thaum lub siab tshaj nws cov osmotic siab, cov kuab tshuaj yuav permeate tawm tsam lub ntuj osmotic kev taw qhia, yog li tau txais permeate nyob rau hauv qis - siab ntawm daim nyias nyias thiab mloog zoo rau lub siab - siab. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ua haujlwm ntawm thim rov qab osmosis daim nyias nyias yog piav qhia los ntawm kev xav xws li kev sib cais-diffusion, nyiam adsorption-capillary flow, thiab hydrogen bonding. Nws qhov pom tseeb yog kwv yees li 0.1-1 nm, thiab qhov hnyav molecular txiav tawm yog kwv yees li 100 Da. Nws zoo tshem tawm ntau yam inorganic ntsev ions thiab ntau yam khoom nrog molecular hnyav dua 100. Lub zog ua haujlwm yog kwv yees li 0.7-7 MPa.
20. Ceramic Membrane: Ib qho asymmetric membrane tsim los ntawm inorganic ceramic cov ntaub ntawv siv cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb. Nws txoj kev sib cais tseem ceeb yog sieving, nrog rau kev pom tseeb ntawm kwv yees li 0.001-1 μm (1-1000 nm). Nws zoo tshem tawm cov khib nyiab, colloids, kab mob, thiab macromolecules los ntawm dej, thaum dej, me me molecules, thiab inorganic ntsev ions tuaj yeem dhau los ntawm ib txwm.
Lus Cim: Zoo li nanofiltration, kev lag luam daim ntawv thov ntawm cov khoom siv ceramics tseem tsis tau paub meej, tab sis kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb heev, thiab cov kev siv tswv yim tseem muaj tsawg.
21. Electrodialysis (ED): Ua ke ntawm electrochemical thiab diffusion txheej txheem. Tsav los ntawm ib qho hluav taws xob sab nraud DC, nws siv cov kev xaiv permeability ntawm ion exchange membranes (semi-permeable membranes) (ie, cations tuaj yeem dhau los ntawm cation exchange membranes, thiab anions tuaj yeem dhau los ntawm anion exchange membranes), ua rau cations thiab anions txav mus rau anode thiab cathode, feem.
22. Electrodeionization (EDI): Kuj hu ua electro-deionization lossis packed- txaj electrodialysis, cov txheej txheem dej no ua ke nrog electrodialysis thiab ion exchange technologies. Los ntawm kev xaiv permeation ntawm anion thiab cation txauv membranes thiab ion pauv nyhuv ntawm resin, nws ua tiav cov kev taw qhia ion tsiv teb tsaws thiab sib sib zog nqus desalination nyob rau hauv DC hluav taws xob teb, ua dej nrog ib tug resistivity tshaj 15 MΩ * cm.
Nws lub hauv paus ntsiab lus suav nrog sau qhov chaw membrane ntawm chav tsev electrodialysis nrog ion txauv resin. H + thiab OH - ions tsim los ntawm hydrolysis ionization, nrog rau cov hluav taws xob, ib txhij ua tiav ion tsiv teb tsaws thiab resin regeneration. Qhov no tshem tawm qhov xav tau rau cov kua qaub- cov tshuaj lom neeg rov tsim dua tshiab, ua rau nws muaj kev nyab xeeb dua thiab ua haujlwm zoo heev.
23. Continuous Electrodeionization (CEDI): Zoo ib yam li cov qauv hauv paus thiab txoj hauv kev ua haujlwm rau EDI, qhov sib txawv loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv seb lub chamber concentrate tseem muaj cov ion txauv resin thiab seb puas muaj cov dej electrode cais tawm.
24. Anion txaj: Ib qho kev hloov pauv anion, nws txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb yog siv hydroxide ions hauv anion exchange resin los pauv lwm cov anions hauv dej.
25. Cation Bed: Ib qho cation exchanger, nws txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb yog siv hydrogen lossis sodium ions hauv cation exchange resin los pauv lwm cov cations hauv dej. Nyob ntawm cov tshuaj siv rau resin regeneration, nws yuav muab faib ua hydrogen - hom thiab sodium - hom; tom kawg yog hom dej softener.
26. Degasifier: Kuj tseem hu ua degassing ntauwd / carbon tshem tawm, nws yog ib qho cuab yeej uas tshem tawm cov pa roj carbon dioxide dawb los ntawm dej los ntawm kev siv quab yuam- cua degassing.
Nco tseg: Hauv thaj chaw kho dej, feem ntau yog muab tso rau tom qab kev sib pauv cation (2B3T scenario) los yog ua ntej - cov khoom siv rov qab osmosis (ntau dua li kev hloov kho pH). Thaum HCO3- concentration hauv cov dej nyoos tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 50mg / L, qhov zoo tshaj plaws seem CO2 hauv cov khoom dej tom qab degassing los ntawm degasifier tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 5mg / L.
27. Ob-txaj, peb-ntauwd (2B3T) / SC + DG + (WA/SA): Qhov no yog cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ua ke kev sib pauv cation txauv, degassing, thiab anion txauv kom zoo tshem tawm ob qho tib si cations thiab anions los ntawm dej. 2B sawv cev rau ob lub txaj (cation txaj thiab anion txaj), thiab + ntau decart (txog peb lub txaj) pej thuam).
Nws txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb yog raws li hauv qab no: Cation txaj: Siv cation txauv resin rau adsorb cations hauv dej. Hom resin yog SC (muaj zog acid cation, abbreviated li muaj zog cation). Decarbonation ntauwd: Siv los tshem tawm CO2 (carbon dioxide) los ntawm dej, txo cov alkalinity (HCO3-) los ntawm cov txheej txheem no. Anion txaj: Siv anion txauv resin rau adsorb anions hauv dej. Hom resin yog WA + SA (kev sib xyaw ntawm cov tsis muaj zog thiab muaj zog anions).
2B3T yog cov txheej txheem desalination zoo uas ua rau RO thiab tau siv dav hauv ntau qhov chaw. Nws cov khoom lag luam dej zoo / desalination muaj peev xwm sib piv rau ib zaug -theem RO, thiab nws muaj ntau yam dej muaj txiaj ntsig zoo piv rau RO systems. Hauv cov txheej txheem dej ultrapure hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob, 2B3T yog khaws cia vim tias nws lub txaj anion nthuav tawm cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws rau cov anions uas tsis muaj zog (silicon, boron) piv rau cov pa RO.
28. Strong Acid Cation Resin (SC): Qhov no yog ib qho ion pauv resin nrog sulfonic acid pawg (-SO3H) raws li pab pawg sib pauv. Nws qhov sib pauv ion yog Fe3H.
+> Al3+> Pb2+> Ca2+> Mg2+> K+> Na+>H+. Common softening resins (sodium-type cation exchange resins) belongs rau qeb no.
29. Strong Base Anion Exchange Resin (SA): This is an ion exchange resin with quaternary ammonium groups (such as -N(CH3)3OH) as its core functional groups. Its basicity depends on the type of amine group and its spatial structure. The ion exchange order is SO42--> NO3-> Cl-> HCO3->OH-.
Lus Cim: Hauv cov tshuab dej ultrapure, vim tias cov txheej txheem desalination tseem ceeb muaj cov kev tshem tawm cov boron tsawg, cov txheej txheem tshem tawm ions ntxiv boron feem ntau yuav tsum tau ua. Polished muaj zog puag anion pauv resins lossis tshwj xeeb boron tshem tawm resins (UP7530 # 760 RMB / L, CH-99 # 450 RMB / L, thiab lwm yam) feem ntau siv. Cov tom kawg feem ntau yog macroporous chelating ion pauv resins, teej tug mus rau cov resins tshwj xeeb, thiab lawv cov nqi feem ntau yog siab dua, tab sis cov teebmeem feem ntau tseem ceeb dua.
30. Weak Acid Cation Resin (WC): Qhov no yog ib qho ion txauv resin siv carboxylic acid pawg (-COOH), phosphate pawg (-PO2H2), thiab phenolic pawg (-C6H5OH) ua pawg sib pauv. Qhov kev sib pauv ion yog H+ > Fe3+ > Al3+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+, K+ > Na+.
Lus Cim: Cov ion selectivity ntawm qaug zog acid / hauv paus resins feem ntau yog nyob ntawm ion valence xeev thiab hydrated ion radius, nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm: siab dua valence ions> qis valence ions, me vojvoog ions> loj vojvoog ions. Txawm li cas los xij, H + thiab OH - ions tsim conjugate acid / base systems nrog lawv cov kua qaub tsis muaj zog thiab cov pab pawg ua haujlwm tsis muaj zog, raws li, thiab yog li ntawd nyiam adsorbed. Kev sib pauv kev txiav txim ntawm lwm cov ions zoo ib yam nrog cov muaj zog acid / hauv paus resins.
31. Weak-Base Anion Exchange Resin (WA): This type of ion exchange resin uses primary amine groups (-NH2), secondary amine groups (-NHR), or tertiary amine groups (-NR2) as its core functional groups. Its basicity depends on the type and spatial structure of the amine groups. The ion exchange sequence is: OH ->citrate 3- > SO42- > tartrate 2- > oxalate 2- > PO43- > NO3- > Cl- > CH3COO- > HCO3-.
32. Mixed Bed (MB): Hom ion txauv resin sib tov cation thiab anion exchange resins nyob rau hauv ib qho piv txwv nyob rau hauv tib ion exchanger. Vim hais tias H + thiab OH - ions nkag mus rau hauv dej tam sim ntawd tsim cov dej molecules nrog tsawg ionization tom qab sib xyaw ion pauv, cov tshuaj sib pauv tau zoo heev.
Lus Cim: Tsis zoo li polishing cov txaj sib xyaw, cov txaj sib xyaw zoo tib yam tuaj yeem hloov kho tsis tu ncua. Yog li ntawd, txawm hais tias lub salinity ntawm influent rau lub txaj sib tov yog feem ntau tsis tas yuav tsum siab dhau lawm (ntau salinity yuav ua rau overly regeneration), nws yuav siv tau ib leeg thaum cov khoom yuav tsum tau dej zoo tsis siab.
33. Simulated Moving Bed (SMB): Siv cov khoom ruaj khov - ntim cov txaj, los ntawm cov kua zaub mov tsis tu ncua. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem no, cov adsorption resin los yog ion pauv resin nyob rau hauv lub txaj ruaj yog siv los tshem tawm cov hom phiaj tshuaj, xws li impurities, ions, thiab pigments.
Nco tseg: SMB thiab PMB muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb hauv kev txhais. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum siv ntau-theem (tandem) polishing, multi-theem PMB ncig qhov system tsim ib qhov tseeb SMB system. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv ultrapure dej systems, cov lus SMB thiab PMB feem ntau siv interchangeably.
34. Polishing Mixed Bed (PMB): Kuj tseem hu ua lub txaj uas siv tau pov tseg, qhov no yog cov khoom siv kom huv si sib sib zog nqus thaum kawg ntawm kev kho dej. Nws siv cov khoom siv tsis yog- rov ua dua tshiab sib xyaw ion txauv resin (H- hom cation txauv resin thiab OH- hom anion txauv resin) txhawm rau txhim kho cov dej tsim tau zoo, ua tiav qhov kev tiv thaiv ntawm 18.2 MΩ * cm thiab tswj cov ntsuas xws li TOC thiab SiO2.
35. Membrane Degassing (MDG): Qhov no yog cov pa roj-cov khoom sib cais ua kua raws li cov tshuab sib cais membrane. Nws siv txoj cai diffusion kom tshem tawm cov pa yaj (xws li carbon dioxide, oxygen, thiab ammonia nitrogen) los ntawm cov kua. Nws cov thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv kev siv lub hollow fiber membrane qauv los ua kom cov pa roj-kua thaj chaw sib cuag. Gas tsiv teb tsaws mus rau sab nraud ntawm daim nyias nyias yog tsav los ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev lossis lub siab sib txawv, ua kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo degassing.
36. Ultraviolet (UV) Sterilizer: Ib txoj hauv kev siv lub cev uas siv lub teeb ultraviolet los rhuav tshem DNA / RNA molecular qauv ntawm cov kab mob kom ua kom tsis muaj menyuam. Nws nta instantaneous siab -lub zog ultraviolet lub teeb thiab muaj zog nkag mus rau lub zog. Nws txoj kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam feem ntau suav nrog cov nucleic acids nqus 253.7nm wavelength ultraviolet lub teeb, ua rau kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm caj ces thiab tsis ua haujlwm mus tas li.
37. TOC Remover (TOC-}UV): Ib qho cuab yeej siv siab - siv ultraviolet lub teeb (185nm thiab 253.7nm ultraviolet lub teeb ua haujlwm sib koom ua ke) los rhuav tshem cov qauv molecular ntawm tag nrho cov organic carbon (TOC) hauv dej, ua rau nws tawg mus rau CO2 thiab H2O. Qhov no ua tau zoo txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov organic hauv dej, txhim kho dej purity, thiab tsim nyog rau kev npaj dej ultrapure thiab siab - qhov xav tau kev kho dej.
38. Cov ntawv ntxiv:
Pom zoo pom tus nqi ntau rau cov khoom siv pom zoo:
Plua plav tawm lim: 10-40 m / h;
Ib leeg- txheej lim: 8-10 m/h;
Dual{0}} txheej lim: 10-14 m/h;
Triple -layer filter: 18-20 m/h;
Activated carbon lim: 8-20 m / h;
Softener: 15-30 m / h;
Anion-cation txaj: 20-30 m/h;
Lub txaj sib xyaw ua ke: 30-40 m / h lossis 20-30 BV / h;
Polishing txaj: 40-60 m / h lossis 30-40 BV / h.