Feem ntau hais lus, Ro system yuav tsum tau ntxuav thaum cov qauv flux txo qis los ntawm 10-15%, lossis lub siab ua haujlwm tsis kam nce los ntawm 10-15%. Cov zaus tu yog ncaj qha cuam tshuam nrog cov txheej txheem pretreplicment theem. Thaum SDI15 yog<3, the cleaning frequency may be four times per year; when the SDI15 is around 5, the cleaning frequency may be doubled, but the frequency depends on the actual conditions of each project site.
1. Yuav ua li cas yuav tsum tau rov qab los ntau npaum li cas osmosis?
Feem ntau hais lus, Ro system yuav tsum tau ntxuav thaum cov qauv flux txo qis los ntawm 10-15%, lossis lub siab ua haujlwm tsis kam nce los ntawm 10-15%. Cov zaus tu yog ncaj qha cuam tshuam nrog cov txheej txheem pretreplicment theem. Thaum SDI15 yog<3, the cleaning frequency may be four times per year; when the SDI15 is around 5, the cleaning frequency may be doubled, but the frequency depends on the actual conditions of each project site.
2. Dab tsi yog SDI?
Tam sim no, qhov txheej txheem zoo tshaj plaws thiab feem ntau ua tau zoo tshaj plaws rau kev sib kis colloidal hauv RO / NF system cov khoom siv tsis sib raug zoo (SDI, tseem hu ua fouling index). Qhov no yog qhov ntsuas tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum txiav txim siab ua ntej cov qauv RO ua ntej tab sis yuav tsum tau ntsuas tsis tu ncua thaum muaj ob zaug rau cov dej saum npoo av). ASTM D4189 -} 82 qhia meej cov qauv rau qhov kev ntsuas no. The influent requirement for membrane systems is an SDI of 15<=5. Effective pretreatment techniques for reducing SDI include multi-media filters, ultrafiltration, and microfiltration. Ntxiv cov polyelecyrolyte ua ntej pom kev pom muaj peev xwm qee zaum txhim kho lub cev lub cev muaj peev xwm thiab txo sdi tseem ceeb.
3. Yuav tsum thim rov qab osmosis lossis ion sib pauv siv rau kev kho kom muaj kev kho mob.
Nyob rau hauv ntau qhov kev mob, ob qho kev hloov pauv hloov lossis rov qab osmosis yog cov thev naus laus zis ua tau zoo. Kev xaiv ntawm cov txheej txheem yuav tsum txiav txim siab los ntawm kev txiav txim siab nruab nyiaj. Feem ntau, siab dua salinity ua rov qab osmosis ntau dua, thaum nyob qis salinity ua ion txauv ntau dua kev lag luam. Vim tias qhov dav dav ntawm kev thim rov qab osmosis Technology, lossis rov qab txauv cov thev naus laus zis thiab kev lag luam dej ntau dua. Yog xav paub ntxiv, thov sab laj nrog cov neeg muaj kev soj ntsuam cov twj siv hluav taws xob
4. Ntev npaum li cas tau rov qab osmosis membrane el ib txwm kawg?
Daim nyias nyias txoj kev pabcuam yog nyob ntawm nws cov tshuaj ruaj khov, lub caij muaj peev xwm ruaj khov, qhov muaj txiaj ntsig, kev tswj hwm tu, tu ua haujlwm. Raws li kev tshawb xyuas kev lag nyiaj, feem ntau yog tsib xyoos.
5. Dab tsi yog qhov sib txawv ntawm rov qab osmosis thiab nanofililtration?
Nanofiltration yog ib qho membrane - raws li kua sib cais tshuab uas nyob ntawm rov qab osmosis thiab ultrafiltration. Rov Qab Osmosis tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov kev sib txawv me me, nrog lub cev me me tshaj li 0.0001 micron, thaum nanofililtration tuaj yeem ua kom haum nrog lub cev molecular nyob ib ncig ntawm 0.001 micron. Nanofiltration yog qhov tseem ceeb qhov tsawg - siab rack rov qab osmosis txoj kev uas cov tshuaj kho tsis muaj kev nruj. Nanofiltration yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev kho dej zoo thiab cov dej saum npoo. Nanofiltration yog qhov haum rau kev kho dej kho uas tsis tas yuav muaj kev tiv thaiv cov ntsev ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev tawv ncauj ntau, qee zaum hu ua "mem qau." Nanofiltration tshuab ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kev ntsuas tsis tshua muaj zog thiab siv sijhawm tsawg dua li sib piv rov qab osmosis systems.
6. Dab tsi muaj kev sib cais ua ke Membrane Technology muaj?
Reverse osmosis is currently the most sophisticated liquid filtration technology. Reverse osmosis membranes retain inorganic molecules such as soluble salts and organic compounds with a molecular weight greater than 100. On the other hand, water molecules can freely pass through the membranes, resulting in a typical soluble salt removal rate of >95-99%. Kev Ua Haujlwm Kev Tshaj Tawm Ntau Ntawm 7 Bar (100 PSI) rau cov dej brackish rau 69 bar (1,000 psi) rau seawater. Nanofiltration tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov impurities nrog cov me me dua li 1 nm (10 angstroms) thiab cov organic teeb meem nrog lub cev molecular hnyav dua 200-400. Tus nqi tshem tawm rau cov khib nyiab yaj yog 20-98%, thaum lub sij hawm tshem tawm rau cov ntsev uas muaj cov actions monecl (as nacl) yog 20-80%. Cov ntsev uas muaj cov nplooj (xws li MGSO4) muaj kev tshem tawm ntau dua ntawm 90-98%. Ultrafiltration yog ua tau rau cais cov molecules loj dua 100-1,000 angstroms (0.01-0.1 microns).
Txhua tus ntsev soluble thiab cov lwg me me tuaj yeem dhau los ntawm ultrafiltration membranes, thiab cov tshuaj uas tuaj yeem raug colloids, cov protein, thiab cov organic molecules. Cov molecular hnyav txiav - tawm ntawm feem ntau ultrarofiltration membranes yog 1,000-100,000. Cov microfiltration tshem tawm cov lus hauv thaj tsam ntawm kwv yees li 0.1-1 micron. Feem ntau, cov khib nyiab tshem tawm thiab cov colloids loj tau khaws cia, thaum lub sij hawm loj molecules thiab soluble ntsev tau khaws cia.
7. Leej twg muag membrarane ntxuav tus neeg sawv cev lossis muab kev pab tu?
Cov tuam txhab kev kho dej tuaj yeem muab cov membrarane tshwj xeeb tu cov neeg sawv cev thiab kev pabcuam tu. Cov neeg siv tuaj yeem yuav cov neeg sawv cev tu thiab ua daim ntawv qhia tu nws tus kheej raws li cov lus pom zoo ntawm daim ntaub ntawm daim phiaj nkoj lossis khoom siv.
8. Qhov siab tshaj plaws uas tso cai Silica concentration nyob rau hauv cov dej pub rau rov qab osmosis membrane?
Qhov siab tshaj plaws pub mov silica concentration yog nyob ntawm qhov ntsuas kub, pH, thiab ntsuas inibitors. Feem ntau, cov kev tso cai tshaj plaws hauv lub ntsej muag tsis muaj cov antiscalants yog 100 ppm. Qee cov kab mob ib co neeg tuaj yeem tiv thaiv silica ntau txog 240 ppm hauv kev mloog zoo. Thov sab laj koj tus kab mob kom tsum.
9. Yuav ua li cas Chomium cuam tshuam Ro WHBRANES?
Qee cov hlau hnyav, xws li chromium, cataleed the oxidation ntawm chlorine, ua rau tsis muaj kev txwv tsis pub muaj kev ua tau zoo ntawm tus membrane kev ua tau zoo. Qhov no yog vim cr 6+ tsis ruaj khov tshaj li cr 3+ hauv dej. Nws zoo nkaus li cov hlau ions nrog cov tsev loj oxidation muaj kev cuam tshuam loj dua. Yog li ntawd, cov chromium kev xav tau yuav tsum tau txo qis thaum lub sij hawm pretreaticment, lossis tsawg kawg yog cr6+ yuav tsum raug txo kom tawg mus rau cr3+.
10. Dab tsi ntawm pretreatment puas yog ro system feem ntau yuav tsum tau?
Ib txwm pretreatment system muaj cov coarse pom (~ tom qab ntawd ntawm cov pa roj oxidizing xws li sockidizing cov lim dej ntau los ntawm ntau- sporifier. Sodium Bisulfite yog tom qab ntawd ntxiv rau txo cov tshuaj chlorine uas seem thiab lwm tus neeg sawv cev oxidizing. Thaum kawg, lim kev nyab xeeb yog nruab ua ntej lub siab- siab twj tso kua mis inlet. Raws li lub npe qhia, lub cev muaj kev nyab xeeb ua haujlwm ua kev nyab xeeb zaum kawg los tiv thaiv kev ua kom muaj kev sib raug zoo los ntawm kev ua kom muaj kev puas tsuaj rau qhov kev ua kom muaj kev sib raug zoo thiab ua kom cov khoom siv siab. Cov dej ib yam nrog cov khib nyiab siab feem ntau yuav tsum tau ua ntau tshaj plaws ua ntej kom tau raws li cov kev cai tshwj xeeb. Rau cov khoom siv dej nrog lub siab tawv, softening lossis ntxiv cov kua qaub thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cov neeg sawv cev kom pom zoo. Rau cov khoom siv dej nrog cov ntaub ntawv muaj microbial thiab cov olbic siab, ua haujlwm carbon lossis anti {- fouling membrane cov khoom.
11. Yuav tuaj yeem thim cov osmosis tshem cov kab mob me me xws li cov kab mob thiab kab mob?
Reverse osmosis (RO) is very dense and has very high removal rates for viruses, bacteriophages, and bacteria, at least above 3 log (removal rate >99.9%). Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias feem ntau, microbial re- kev loj hlob yuav tshwm sim ntawm daim nyias nyias. Qhov no yog feem ntau nyob ntawm lub rooj sib txoos, saib xyuas, thiab txoj kev txij nkawm. Hauv lwm lo lus, lub cev muaj peev xwm tshem tawm cov kab mob me me nyob ntawm qhov tsim nyog tsim qauv, ua haujlwm, thiab kev tswj hwm, ntau dua li cov khoom ntawm daim nyias nyias.
12. Qhov ntsuas kub yuav cuam tshuam rau pymeatee tawm los?
Ntau dua qhov kub kub nce kev nce kev tawm tsam, thiab hloov ua lwm yam. Thaum kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kub siab dua, cov kev ua haujlwm siab yuav tsum tau qis dua los tswj cov tib qho permeate tawm los, thiab hloov ua lwm yam.
13. Dab tsi yog qhov uas cuam tshuam thiab colloid fouling? Nws ntsuas tau li cas?
Thaum muaj kev pom thiab colloid fouling tshwm sim hauv kev thim rov qab osmosis lossis nanofiltrict membrane permeated tawm los thiab qee zaum txo cov ntsev. Ib qho tsos mob ntawm kev ua yeeb yam ntawm colloid yog qhov nce hauv cov txheej txheem siab. Cov peev txheej ntawm particulates thiab colloids hauv daim nyias qab noj dej sib txawv, feem ntau suav nrog cov kab mob, silt, colloidal silica, thiab hlau xeb cov khoom lag luam. Cov tshuaj siv tau siv ua ntej, xws li polyaluminum thiab cov cationic chloride lossis cationic polyelectrolytes, kuj tseem ua rau foulding yog tias lawv tsis tau raug tshem tawm hauv lub meej lossis media lim. Tsis tas li ntawd, cationic polyelectrolytes tuaj yeem hnov mob nrog anionic nplai txiav txim siab, ua rau muaj hnub nyoog uas tuaj yeem ua tsis tau zoo. SDI15 yog siv los txheeb xyuas qhov fouling nyiam ntawm cov dej thiab kev tsim nyog ntawm pretreatment. Thov saib cov ntu uas cuam tshuam rau cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws.
14. Dab tsi yog qhov siab tshaj plaws tso cai rau kev poob qis yam tsis muaj lub cev ntws tawm?
Yog tias lub kaw lus siv cov neeg tiv thaiv, thaum lub sijhawm dej kub nyob nruab nrab ntawm 20℃thiab 38 degree, nws yog kwv yees li 4 teev; Thaum nws qis dua 20 degree, nws yog kwv yees li 8 teev; Yog tias lub kaw lus tsis siv cov neeg tsis muaj qhov ntsuas, nws yog kwv yees li 1 . 15. Lub zog siv hluav taws xob txo tau li cas?
Tsawg - Lub Zog Hluav Taws Xob Mem tau siv, tab sis nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias lawv cov ntsev tsis lees paub me ntsis qis dua li ntawm tus qauv membrane ntsiab. Kev me me Micrranes yog pub dawb-}}} permeable thiab yog siv los tshem tawm cov kab mob, microflscs, lossis tag nrho cov khib nyiab me (TSS). Raug nias hla daim nyias nyias yog 1 mus rau 3 bar.
15. Yuav yeem rov qab Osmosis ntshiab cov dej ntshiab yuav nquag pib thiab nres?
Mem clicate cov tshuab tau tsim rau kev ua haujlwm tas mus li, tab sis hauv kev ua haujlwm tiag tiag, yuav muaj ib qho zaus ntawm kev pib kho thiab kaw. When the membrane system is shut down, it must be flushed at low pressure with its product water or pretreated water to displace the high-concentration, antiscalant-containing concentrate from the membrane elements. Yuav tsum tau ntsuas yuav tsum tau ua kom tiv thaiv cov huab cua los ntawm cov kab ke, zoo li ziab tawm cov khoom yuav ua rau tsis muaj kev txwv tsis pub muaj cov khoom lag luam flux. Yog tias lub kaw lus kaw qis dua 24 teev, tsis tas ntsuas yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv microbial kev loj hlob. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias lub kaw lus kaw rau ntev dua li lub sijhawm tau teev tseg, cov kua dej tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau khaws cov kab ke lossis daim nyias nyias yuav tsum yaug tsis tu ncua.
16. Yuav ua li cas lub bine foob tau taw qhia thaum ntsia rau ntawm daim nyias nyias?
Lub BRINE FOR rau ntawm daim nyias nyias muaj teeb tsa yuav tsum tau nruab rau ntawm lub caij dej inlet xaus, nrog qhib kev ntsib cov dej hauv kev taw qhia. Thaum dej ntws mus rau hauv lub siab siab lub nkoj, qhib (di ncauj) yuav qhib dua ib qho kev hla ntawm daim nyias nyias thiab sab hauv phab ntsa ntawm lub siab siab.
17. Yuav ua li cas kom tshem tawm silica los ntawm dej?
Silicon muaj nyob rau hauv ob hom hauv dej: nquag silica (monosilicon) thiab colloidal silica (polysilicon). Colloidal silica tsis muaj ionic cov yam tab sis yog tus loj. Colloidal silica tuaj yeem khaws cia los ntawm cov txheej txheem lub cev muaj zog, xws li thim rov qab otmosis, thiab nws cov ntsiab lus tuaj yeem raug txo los ntawm kev ua haujlwm sib txawv. Txawm li cas los xij, kev sib cais sib cais uas cia siab rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov yam ntxwv thiab kev sib pauv hluav taws xob (CDI), yog qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev tshem tawm collical silica.
Nquag silica yog ntau me dua colloidal silica, ua rau nws tsis muaj txiaj ntsig, xws li kev piav qhia ntawm lub cev feem ntau, pom kev, thiab kev ua kom sib xyaw. Rov Qab Osmosis, ion sib pauv, thiab cov txheej txheem electrode qheb cov txheej txheem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev tshem tawm cov silica.
18. Yuav ua li cas siv tus nqi tshem tawm, ntau lawm cov dej, thiab kev ua lub neej?
Rov Qab Osmosis Mricction feem ntau ua haujlwm nyob hauv lub xov tooj ntawm 2 txog rau 11. Cov pH muaj qhov sib txawv me me, muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb los ntawm lwm daim ntawv tso tawm. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom ntawm ntau ions hauv dej yog cuam tshuam ntau ntawm PH. Piv txwv li, tsis muaj cov kua qaub zoo li citric acid yog feem ntau tsis ionic ionic ntawm tsawg pH, tab sis dhau los ua ionic ntawm PS siab. Rau tib ion, ib tug nqi siab rau kev tshem tawm cov nqi sai, thaum lub sijhawm qis lossis tsis muaj nqi los ntawm kev tshem tawm qis. Yog li ntawd, p ho cuam tshuam rau kev tshem tawm tus nqi ntawm qee yam impurities.
19. Dab tsi yog kev sib txheeb ntawm kev pub dej tds thiab conductivity?
Thaum tau txais cov dej noj mis coj ua tau zoo, nws yuav tsum hloov dua siab tshiab rau TDD tus nqi rau cov tswv yim rau kev tsim software. Rau feem ntau cov chaw dej, qhov kev coj ua / TDS piv yog nruab nrab ntawm 1.2 thiab 1.7. Rau Rosa tsim, ib feem ntawm 1.4 yog siv rau seawater thiab 1.3 rau cov dej brackish. Qhov no feem ntau muab cov kwv yees kwv yees sib hloov.
20. Kuv tuaj yeem qhia tau li cas yog tias daim nyias nyias yog fouled?
Hauv qab no yog cov tsos mob ntawm fouling:
Txo hauv dej tawm los ntawm cov qauv siab
Nce kev ua haujlwm siab kom ua tiav cov qauv dej tawm los
Nce rau hauv siab poob ntawm kev pub mis thiab tsis lees paub
Nce hauv membrane lub cev nyhav
Qhov hloov pauv tseem ceeb hauv membrane tsis lees txais (nce lossis txo qis)
Thaum lub caij tau muab tshem tawm los ntawm lub siab siab lub siab, ncuav dej mus rau ntawm lub inlet sab ntawm lub upright membrane caij. Dej yuav tsis ntws los ntawm lub ntsiab lus thiab yuav tsuas yog txauv los ntawm lub ntsej muag kawg (qhia tau ua tiav txoj kev thaiv ntawm Inlet Flation).
21. Kuv yuav ua li cas thiaj tiv thaiv microbial kev loj hlob hauv lub ntim thawj ntim ntawm daim nyias nyias?
Thaum cov kev daws teeb meem tiv thaiv cov turnid, nws yog qhov yuav vim yog microbial kev loj hlob. Membrane cov khoom tiv thaiv nrog sodium bisulfite yuav tsum tau kuaj txhua peb lub hlis. Yog tias kev daws teeb meem huab, tshem tawm cov khoom los ntawm lub kaw cia ntim hnab thiab re {}}}} {{5} {{ushing). Soak rau kwv yees li ib teev, tom qab ntawd rov ua lub thawv. Ntws lub qe ua ntej rov ua haujlwm.
22. Dab tsi yog qhov dej yuav tsum muaj rau ro membrane ntsiab thiab ix ion sib pauv resins?
Theoretically, cov dej nkag mus hauv lub ro thiab ix lub tshuab yuav tsum pub dawb ntawm cov impurities hauv qab no:
Tshem tawm cov khib nyiab, colloids, calcium sulfate, algas, cov kab mob, oxidants xws li cov tshuaj chlorine, thiab lwm yam.
Roj lossis lipids (yuav tsum nyob hauv qab ntsuas kev ntsuas cov lus txwv),
Organic teeb meem thiab hlau - organic complexes,
Hlau oxides xws li hlau, tooj liab, thiab txhuas cov khoom lag luam, thiab lwm yam.
Kev cuam tshuam dej tsis zoo cuam tshuam ntau txoj sia thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm RO ntsiab thiab UX resins.
23. Dab tsi impurities tuaj yeem ro whrbranes tshem tawm?
RO Weebranes yog ua tau zoo ntawm kev tshem tawm ions thiab cov organic. Rov Qab Osmosis Las tau muab cov nqi tshem tawm ntau dua nanofiltration membranes. Rov qab osmosis feem ntau tshem tawm 99% ntsev los ntawm pub dej thiab ntau dua lossis sib npaug ntawm cov organic teeb meem los ntawm cov dej tsis zoo.
24. Kuv yuav paub txoj kev tu twg yog qhov tsim nyog rau kuv daim nyias nyias?
Yuav kom ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig tu tau zoo tshaj plaws, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb los xaiv tus neeg sawv cev kom tsim nyog thiab tu cov txheej txheem tu. Cov txheej txheem tu tsis yog tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm hnyav. Feem ntau, acidic tu cov kev daws teeb meem yog pom zoo rau cov teeb meem scorganic cov kuab paug, thaum alkaline tu cov kev daws teeb meem tau pom zoo rau cov kab mob microbial lossis cov organic.
25. Vim li cas cov phot dej ro cov khoom dej qis dua li cov pH ntawm cov dej pub mis?
Cov lus teb zoo tshaj plaws rau cov lus nug no nyob hauv kev nkag siab qhov sib npaug ntawm CO2, HCO3-, thiab co 3= sib txawv nrog pH. Ntawm qhov ntev ntev, co2 predominates, thaum nyob hauv nruab nrab pH, HCO3- feem ntau, thiab ntawm PH siab, thiab nyob rau}}} kev sib tw. Vim tias RO cov membranes tshem cov roj uas yaj, cov ntsiab lus CO2, hauv cov dej ro cov dej yog qhov zoo ib yam li uas nyob hauv Ro Pub. Txawm li cas los xij, HCO3- thiab cool {14 {14} Cov ntsiab lus tuaj yeem txo qis ntawm ib mus rau ob qho kev cuam tshuam ntawm CO2, HCO3-, thiab cooj3= hauv dej pub. Hauv kev sib tw ntawm cov kev tawm tsam, Co2 sib txuas nrog H2O, hloov cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sib npaug txog thaum muaj kev sib npaug tshiab tau tsim. HOs {3- + h + h + h2o à 2+
Yog tias cov dej pub mis muaj CO2, cov ph ntawm RO cov dej yuav ib txwm txo qis. Rau feem ntau cov tshuab ro ro, lub ph Thaum cov dej pub Alkalinity thiab HCO3- yog qhov siab, tus pH poob ntau dua.
Rau cov roj pub me me uas muaj cov dej CO2, HCO3-, lossis co3=}, hom khoom yuav muaj tsawg. Qee lub tebchaws thiab cov cheeb tsam muaj PHU KAWG rau cov dej haus, feem ntau xws li ntawm 6.5 txog 9.0. Peb nkag siab qhov no yog los tiv thaiv corrosion hauv cov kab muab cov kab. Haus dej nrog lub pH tsis muaj p tsi muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog kev txhawj xeeb txog kev noj qab haus huv. Raws li peb txhua tus paub, ntau qhov kev lag luam muaj peev xwm muaj hom ntawm 2 thiab 4.