Membrane fouling yog ib qho teeb meem uas tsis tuaj yeem zam tau hauv txhua qhov kev sib cais membrane thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntev -. Kab lus no yuav piav qhia txog cov laj thawj, kev faib tawm, thiab kev tiv thaiv thiab tswj cov laj thawj ntawm daim nyias nyias fouling, thiab tom qab ntawd tham txog yuav ua li cas txo fouling ntawm nws qhov chaw thiab ua kom yooj yim tu thiab tu los ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv hauv cov ntaub ntawv membrane.
I. Kev faib tawm ntawm Cov Khoom Tseem Ceeb ntawm Membrane Fouling
Membrane fouling yog hais txog qhov tshwm sim nyob rau hauv daim nyias nyias pom qhov twg microparticles, colloids, los yog loj solute molecules nyob rau hauv dej yog adsorbed thiab tso rau ntawm daim nyias nyias los yog nyob rau hauv lub membrane pores vim physicochemical los yog mechanical teebmeem, ua rau pore loj txo los yog blockage thiab ib tug irreversible txo nyob rau hauv daim nyias nyias flux thiab sib cais kev ua tau zoo. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias daim nyias nyias fouling pib sai li sai tau thaum cov tshuaj pub los rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog daim nyias nyias.
Membrane fouling muaj xws li inorganic fouling, organic fouling, thiab lom fouling. Hauv kev ua haujlwm tiag tiag, ib hom fouling yuav yog qhov tseem ceeb, lossis ntau hom fouling tuaj yeem ua ua ke. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los ua kom tiav tag nrho cov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov dej nyoos ua ntej qhov project tau muab tso rau hauv kev ua haujlwm txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov tseem ceeb fouling hom thiab phim cov txheej txheem pretreatment sib raug, yog li txo cov fouling load los ntawm qhov chaw thiab txuas rau daim nyias nyias lub neej kev pab cuam.
II. Membrane Fouling Control Measures
Membrane fouling tswj tsuas yog ua raws li cov kev tswj xyuas uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam fouling tsub zuj zuj thiab ncua kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo.
(I) Tau qhov twg los pretreatment
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Hom pa phem |
Pretreatment tswj ntsuas |
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Inorganic kuab paug |
Kho pH thiab hardness, ntxiv scale inhibitors, thiab siv ntau -media/security filters los ntxiab hais. |
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Organic pollution |
Coagulation thiab flocculation, activated carbon adsorption, thiab thaum ntxov interception ntawm loj molecular organic teeb meem. |
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Cov pa phem lom lom |
Ua ntej- tshuaj tua kab mob, tswj cov nitrogen thiab phosphorus cov as-ham, thiab txo cov neeg muaj zog microbial. |
(II)Optimization ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm parameter
Los ntawm kev tswj xyuas lub xeev ntws ntawm daim nyias nyias siv cov dej dynamics, tus nqi ntawm cov pa paug paug tau txo qis. Membrane flux yog rationally tswj, thiab qhov nto tshaj tawm yog tsim nyog kom txo tau qhov ceev ceev migration ntawm solutes rau lub membrane nto. Kev khiav tawm tsis tu ncua ntawm cov concentrate alleviates concentration polarization thiab txo cov pa phem adsorption thiab deposition. Kev tu tsis tu ncua yog siv los ua kom lub neej ntev ntawm daim nyias nyias.
(III) Cov txheej txheem ntxuav
tau muab faib ua kev tu lub cev thiab kev sib sib zog nqus tshuaj ntxuav:
Kev tu lub cev ib txwm muaj, suav nrog dej rov qab ntxuav thiab huab cua- dej txhuam, tshem tawm lub ncuav mog qab zib inorganic hauv lub cev, uas tsuas yog ncua cov pa phem tsis zoo thiab tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov organic adsorption thiab cov kua qaub lom.
Kev tu tshuaj tsis tu ncua: Cov txheej txheem no tau pib ua ntu zus raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv. Nws tshem tawm cov kab mob los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, kho cov membrane permeability. Cov kab mob sib kis thiab cov tshuaj ntxuav tu yog raws li nram no:
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Hom pa phem |
Cov kuab paug tshwj xeeb |
Cov tshuaj ntxuav tu |
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Cov tshuaj inorganic |
Calcium carbonate, hlau ntsev thiab inorganic colloids |
Citric acid, hydrochloric acid, los yog oxalic acid daws nrog pH ntawm 2 |
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Barium sulfate, calcium sulfate, thiab lwm yam sparingly soluble inorganic ntsev |
Kwv yees li 1% EDTA tov |
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Organic teeb meem |
Roj, humic acid, organic colloids, thiab lwm yam. |
Sodium hydroxide tov nrog pH =12 |
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Roj thiab lwm yam tawv nqaij cov kab mob organic |
0.1% -0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate, Triton X-100, thiab lwm yam. |
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Protein, starch, roj, polysaccharides, thiab lwm yam. |
0.5% -1.5% ntawm protease, amylase, thiab lwm yam. |
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Mkab mob |
kab mob, kab mob, thiab lwm yam. |
Kwv yees li 1% hydrogen peroxide lossis 50 ppm sodium hypochlorite tov |
(IV)Optimization ntawm cov khoom siv membrane xaiv
Lub cev physicochemical nyob rau hauv lub cev ntawm cov ntaub ntawv membrane txiav txim siab qhov fouling adhesion tus nqi, tu siab ntev, thiab ntev - lub sij hawm degradation tus nqi. Raws li cov dej zoo tib yam thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv membrane ncaj qha txiav txim siab qhov txwv ntawm nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antifouling.
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Membrane khoomkhoom |
Lub ntsiab lus taw qhia |
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Nto interface khoom |
Lub hydrophilicity, isoelectric point, thiab nto roughness ntawm daim nyias nyias deg txiav txim siab nws adsorption nyiam. Highly hydrophilic thiab low- roughness membranes cia siab rau cov dej membrane barrier thiab electrostatic repulsion los txo cov adsorption ntawm colloids thiab organic teeb meem, yog li txo cov pa phem ntawm nws qhov chaw. |
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Tshuaj stability |
lub zog ntawm tshuaj ntxuav. Membrane cov ntaub ntawv tiv taus cov kua qaub, alkalis, thiab oxidants tuaj yeem tiv taus tag nrho - siv tshuaj ntxuav tsis muaj qhov o lossis oxidative puas tsuaj. |
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Mechanical structural kev ua tau zoo |
Mechanical zog thiab ntom ntawm daim nyias nyias muaj feem xyuam rau nws cov resistant rau yaig thiab crystallization abrasion. Siab - cov ntaub ntawv muaj zog membrane tuaj yeem tiv taus kev siv siab thiab siab membrane nto ntws, tsis tu ncua inhibiting lim ncuav mog qab zib thickening. |
III. Vim li cas thiaj xaiv Silicon Carbide Ceramic Membranes
Silicon carbide ceramic membranes yog tsim los ntawm siab -purity silicon carbide hmoov zoo los ntawm recrystallization thiab sintering thev naus laus zis, ua tiav qib microfiltration thiab ultrafiltration. Lawv muaj lub siab flux, corrosion resistance, yooj yim tu, thiab ntev lifespan, thiab tam sim no cov ntaub ntawv membrane nrog qhov zoo tshaj plaws hydrophilicity thiab antifouling peev xwm.
(I) Zoo heev hydrophilicity ntawm silicon carbide membrane
Membrane cov ntaub ntawv nrog zoo hydrophilicity tsis tshua muaj fouling thiab yooj yim dua los ntxuav thiab rov qab fouling. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv tib lub zog tsav tsheb, cov ntaub ntawv membrane nrog zoo hydrophilicity muaj cov dej ntws ntau dua. Lub hydrophilicity ntawm cov ntaub ntawv membrane feem ntau ntsuas los ntawm lub kaum sab xis. Silicon carbide nanoparticles, thaum lub sij hawm recrystallization thiab sintering, tsis muaj shrinkage los yog kua theem, thaum kawg tsim ib tug ntxeem tau, interconnected network qauv qauv nrog ib tug porosity tshaj 45%, ua tau zoo tagnrho hydrophilicity nrog ib tug dej sib cuag lub kaum sab xis ntawm 8℃xwb.
(II) Zoo heev tshuaj stability ntawm silicon carbide membrane
Silicon carbide daim nyias nyias muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj zog thiab tuaj yeem siv tau ntev hauv cov kua qaub thiab alkalis, yooj yim daws ntau yam teeb meem.
(III) Qhov zoo tshaj plaws antifouling zog ntawm silicon carbide daim nyias nyias
Silicon carbide daim nyias nyias yog tam sim no cov ntaub ntawv membrane nrog lub zog tsis zoo, muaj peev xwm tshem tawm cov roj thiab cov kab mob, thiab muaj cov khoom tiv thaiv zoo heev - fouling.
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Daim duab - ζ- muaj peev xwm ntawm ntau yam khoom siv ceramic |
Daim duab - Surface Water Test |
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Tau qhov twg los: Farsi, Ali. Department of Chemistry thiab Bioscience, Aalborg University |
Source: Sib piv ntawm ceramic thiab polymeric membrane permeability thiab fouling siv dej ntog, 2011. Hofs li al. |
Kev nkag siab txog membrane fouling mechanisms yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm tshawb fawb thiab kev saib xyuas cov txheej txheem membrane. Peb zoo siab tos txais koj cov lus pom zoo ntawm cov dej tsis zoo thiab cov teeb meem kev ua haujlwm membrane hauv cov lus hais. Jianmo Technology tsom rau R&D, ntau lawm, thiab ua tiav kev xa khoom ntawm silicon carbide ceramic membranes, muab tag nrho - cov kev pabcuam txuas nrog rau cov txheej txheem membrane customization, kev sib koom ua ke, thiab kev ua haujlwm thiab kev kho kom zoo. Thov koj xav tiv tauj peb txhua lub sijhawm yog tias xav tau!