Hauv kev kho cov dej khib nyiab, cov txheej txheem activated sludge ua raws li qhov ntsiag to "purification tus neeg saib xyuas." Tsim los ntawm kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov kab mob aerobic, nws siv nws lub peev xwm adsorption thiab oxidation muaj zog "dev" thiab hloov cov organic teeb meem hauv cov dej khib nyiab, tiv thaiv dej zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, "tus neeg saib xyuas" no tuaj yeem ntsib "kev noj qab haus huv"-sludge bulking. Thaum nws tshwm sim, nws tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog ua rau cov txheej txheem ntau dhau, tab sis kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau tuag tes tuag taw tag nrho cov kev kho mob. Niaj hnub no, peb yuav delve rau hauv qhov ua rau thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm sludge bulking thiab qhia koj yuav ua li cas kom raug txheeb xyuas thiab scientifically hais nws.
I. Nkag siab txog "Health Code" ntawm Activated Sludge
Txhawm rau txiav txim siab seb sludge yog "bulking," koj yuav tsum xub nkag siab nws "kev ntsuas kev noj qab haus huv." Cov nram qab no peb cov cim qhia tseem ceeb rau kev saib xyuas lub xeev ntawm activated sludge:
Sludge Settling Volume (SV30): Siv 1000mL ntawm cov cawv sib xyaw los ntawm lub tank aeration, cia nws sawv ntsug rau 30 feeb, thiab ntsuas qhov ntim piv ntawm cov sludge rau cov cawv sib xyaw. Qhov zoo li qub yog 20% -30%. Tus nqi tseem ceeb tshaj qhov no yuav qhia tau tias muaj kev ceeb toom ntau.
Sludge Volume Index (SVI): Lub ntim (ml / g) nyob ntawm 1g ntawm cov sludge qhuav tom qab 30 feeb ntawm kev daws. Tus qauv yog (SV% × 100) / MLSS. Ib qho SVI ntawm ib ncig ntawm 100 qhia tau hais tias qhov zoo tshaj plaws sludge daws kev ua haujlwm; ib qho SVI tshaj 150 txhais tau hais tias cov sludge yog txog los yog twb tau nkag mus rau hauv lub xeev bulking.
Filament abundance: Nyob rau hauv ib lub tshuab tsom, cov kab mob filamentous tsim "skeleton" ntawm activated sludge. Ib qho me me ntawm cov txiaj ntsig flocculants tam sim no, tab sis muaj kev nplua nuj mus txog qib (d) kev ceeb toom, qib (e) qhia txog lub xeev bulking, thiab qib (f) qhia tias loj heev.
II. Ob Qhov Kev Ua Phem Loj ntawm Sludge Bulking
Sludge bulking tsis yog los ntawm ib qho tseem ceeb; Nws feem ntau muab faib ua ob pawg: filamentous bulking thiab tsis yog -filamentous bulking. Lawv "cov xwm txheej rau kev ua txhaum cai" thiab "txoj kev" sib txawv:
(I) Filamentous Bulking: Feem ntau "Tsev Teeb Meem"
Raws li ib txwm muaj, floc- tsim cov kab mob loj hlob sai dua cov kab mob filamentous, thiab ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo symbiotic. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum ib puag ncig hloov pauv sai sai, cov kab mob filamentous, nrog rau lawv qhov zoo ntawm "qhov loj ntawm thaj chaw thiab muaj zog tiv thaiv," sib sau ua ke sai, txeeb dominance thiab ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj hauv sludge daws cov khoom.
Muaj 6 qhov inducing yam:
Cov ntsiab lus tsis tshua muaj cov ntsiab lus hauv cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig txhais tau hais tias cov kab mob tsis "noj txaus";
Cov as-ham tsis txaus xws li nitrogen thiab phosphorus txwv kev loj hlob ntawm floc;
Tsawg pH inhibits cov kab mob ua haujlwm, cia cov kab mob filamentous proliferate;
Dissolved oxygen (DO) nyob rau hauv lub aeration tank yog qis dua 2 mg / L, tsim kom muaj ib qho chaw anaerobic conducive rau filamentous kab mob loj hlob;
Kev hloov pauv loj hauv qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo / muaj txiaj ntsig cuam tshuam cov kab mob;
Qhov kub thiab txias (25-30 ° C), ua rau nws muaj feem cuam tshuam rau lub caij ntuj sov; Yog hais tias lub influent "muab rau plua plav" thiab tsim H₂S (ntau tshaj 1-2 mg / L), nws kuj tuaj yeem ua rau ntau dhau ntawm filoths.
(II) Tsis yog-filamentous bulking: "tus kheej- tsoo" ntawm flocs
Hom bulking no tsis yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob filamentous, tab sis yog los ntawm qhov txawv txav ntawm lub cev ntawm cov kab mob floc lawv tus kheej, thiab tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob qhov xwm txheej:
Viscous bulking: Lub influent muaj ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm yaj organic teeb meem, uas ua rau ntau heev sludge load (F / M), tab sis tsis txaus nitrogen thiab phosphorus los yog tsawg DO. Tom qab cov kab mob overfeed, lawv tsis tuaj yeem metabolize ib txwm thiab tso tawm ntau ntawm hydrophilic polysaccharides, ua rau cov dej khi hauv cov sludge nce siab los ntawm 100% mus rau 400%, tsim cov gel- zoo li cov khoom tsis tuaj yeem nyob.
Tsawg-viscosity bulking (kev loj hlob tawg): Thaum lub influent muaj cov tshuaj lom (xws li cov hlau hnyav, phenols, cyanide), cov kab mob tsis tuaj yeem tso cov kua nplaum, tsis tuaj yeem tsim flocs, thiab sludge- dej sib cais ua tsis tiav.
III . 10 Kev daws rau Sludge Bulking
Thaum kuaj pom cov sludge bulking, xav tau ib txoj hauv kev uas xav tau raws li qhov laj thawj tshwj xeeb. Hauv qab no 10 txoj kev tuaj yeem siv ua ke:
Txhim kho Aeration: Ua kom DO concentration rau 2-4 mg / L (nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb, aeration yuav tsum tau txo, xws li high-load viscous bulking);
Load Adjustment: Txo qhov cuam tshuam cov organic teeb meem los yog ua kom cov sludge rov qab los kom sib npaug F / M piv;
Theem Txhaj Tshuaj: Tsis txhob muaj kev cuam tshuam muaj zog thiab ua kom ruaj khov ntawm qhov chaw loj hlob microbial;
Lub Sijhawm Aeration Extended: Ua "re-aeration" los txhawb kev ua kom tiav ntawm cov khoom organic; Ntxiv cov as-ham: Ntxiv cov nitrogenous tebchaw (xws li urea) los yog phosphorus qhov chaw kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov kab mob;
Ua kom cov sludge ceev: Ntxiv cov txiv qaub los yog zom cov sludge kom nrawm sludge daws;
Dilution ntawm cov dej khib nyiab: Dilute influent nrog dej kho los yog dej huv kom txo tau cov tshuaj lom los yog cov organic teeb meem concentration;
Kev tswj qhov chaw: Yog tias muaj cov carbohydrates ntau dhau, tshawb xyuas qhov chaw ntawm cov dej khib nyiab (xws li cov khoom noj cov dej khib nyiab) thiab txo cov khoom nkag;
Secondary settling tank stirring: Maj mam do cov sludge kom ceev sludge - dej sib cais;
Ntxiv cov coagulants: Yog tias cov sludge tsuas muaj kev daws teeb meem tsis zoo thiab nws lub peev xwm purification tseem tsis zoo, siv lub siab -molecular- hnyav electrolyte coagulant los pab sedimentation.
IV. Extension: Sludge Floating / Deflocculation - Tsis txhob cuam tshuam nrog Bulking
Dhau li ntawm bulking, activated sludge kuj yuav ntsib teeb meem "floating" thiab "deflocculation", uas yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo cais:
Loj sludge ntab: Yog tias cov sludge daj ntseg thiab muaj ntxhiab tsw ntxhiab, nws yog vim denitrification (oxygen deficiency nyob rau hauv lub tank sedimentation, nitrates hloov mus rau nitrogen gas). Ua kom tus nqi rov qab thiab txo cov hnub nyoog sludge. Yog tias cov sludge dub thiab tsw ntxhiab, nws yog vim anaerobic putrefaction ntawm cov sludge accumulated (ua roj xws li H₂S). Tshem tawm qhov chaw tuag hauv lub tank sedimentation thiab aerate tsis tu ncua.
Cov sludge me me ntab (floating sludge): Qhov no feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov pauv sai ntawm pH / tshuaj lom, sludge aging, C / N tsis txaus, dej kub siab tshaj 40 degree, thiab lwm yam. Cov phiaj xwm kev kho yog xav tau (xws li txwv tsis pub muaj tshuaj lom thiab cov khoom noj ntxiv).
V. Kev Tswj Txhua Hnub: Kev tiv thaiv tseem ceeb tshaj li kev kho mob
Kev saib xyuas tsis tu ncua: Ntsuas SV30 thiab SVI txhua hnub, thiab tshuaj xyuas cov kab mob filamentous uas muaj ntau lub lis piam kom pom cov cim txawv txav sai;
Stable Influent: Tswj qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov dej muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab kom muaj nuj nqis kom tsis txhob muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm cov tshuaj lom;
Environmental Optimization: Khaws DO 2-4 mg / L, dej kub 15-25 degree, thiab BOD: N:P=100: 5: 1 los tsim kom haum rau cov kab mob flocs;
Ua raws li theem kev lom neeg: Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm sessile ciliates xws li Vorticella qhia txog kev ua haujlwm zoo; Kev nce siab hauv motile ciliates thiab nce ntawm cov kab mob filamentous yuav tsum tau muaj kev cuam tshuam raws sijhawm.
Qhov "kev noj qab haus huv" ntawm activated sludge ncaj qha txiav txim siab txog kev kho dej khib nyiab. Txawm hais tias sludge bulking yog qhov nyuaj, los ntawm kev nkag siab txog nws cov laj thawj, siv cov kev ntsuas meej, thiab ua ke nrog cov kev tswj xyuas txhua hnub, qhov "purification tus neeg saib xyuas" tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau zoo.