Kev tshem tawm tau zoo thiab txheej txheem kev ua kom zoo ntawm Oxytetracycline Thiab 2-Methylisoborneol Los Ntawm Ib Ob-Stage Activated Carbon Synergistic Powdered Activated Carbon Pre-dosing + Filter Bed Granular Activated Carbon Dual-Layer Structure

Nrog rau kev ua tiav tag nrho ntawm "Txoj Cai Rau Kev Haus Dej Zoo" (GB 5749-2022), tsw- ua rau cov khoom xws li 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) thiab oxytetracycline, nrog rau cov tshuaj tua kab mob-zoo li cov kab mob micropollutantc xws li copes nrog tswj. Pa coagulation-sedimentation-filtration- cov txheej txheem tshuaj tua kab mob feem ntau ua tiav tag nrho cov kev tshem tawm tsawg dua 30% rau ob hom hydrophobic trace organic teeb meem, uas tsis txaus los ua kom tau raws li ob qhov kev xav tau ntawm cov dej zoo kev nyab xeeb thiab kev hnov ​​zoo. Tam sim no, cov nroj tsuag dej hauv tsev feem ntau siv rau pem hauv ntej-kawg hmoov activated carbon (PAC) rau kev kub ntxhov / niaj hnub tswj ntawm micro-cov dej qias neeg. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem PAC nkaus xwb muaj qhov tsis zoo xws li lub sijhawm txwv tsis pub siv, kev sib tw adsorption cuam tshuam, kev siv tshuaj ntau, thiab kev nkag mus rau cov pa phem. Ntxiv granular activated carbon (GAC) mus rau qhov chaw lim los tsim cov txheej txheem thaiv txheej txheem ntawm "PAC pre-adsorption + GAC sib sib zog nqus adsorption" yog maj mam dhau los ua cov thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb rau kev tsim kho tshiab, kho dua tshiab, thiab nthuav cov nroj tsuag dej los daws cov dej tsis huv. Daim ntawv no tau txheeb xyuas cov qauv tshem tawm ntawm oxytetracycline thiab 2-MIB los ntawm ob-theem activated carbon txheej txheem, pib los ntawm cov txheej txheem adsorption, kev ua haujlwm ciam teb, qhov tseem ceeb cuam tshuam, thiab kev sib koom ua ke ntawm engineering. Nws muab cov ntsiab lus theoretical thiab cov tswv yim daws teeb meem rau kev hloov kho cov txheej txheem dej cog, kev xaiv reagent, thiab kev ua haujlwm kom zoo, thaum tseem tab tom saib ua ntej mus rau yav tom ntej txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov txheej txheem xws li kev sib txuas ua ntej oxidation thiab cov roj carbon activated (BAC).

1.1 Molecular yam ntxwv ntawm Target Pollutants

Oxytetracycline (OTC) yog tetracycline -chav polar tshuaj tua kab mob nrog ntau pawg hydroxyl thiab amino pawg hauv nws cov molecule. Nyob rau hauv cov dej ntuj, nws muaj nyob rau hauv ib tug zwitterionic daim ntawv thiab yooj yim sib tw rau adsorption nrog tej yam ntuj tso organic teeb meem (NOM) xws li humic acid los ntawm complexation. 2-Methylisoborneol (2-MIB) yog ib tug nonpolar, qis-molecular- nyhav algal- ntxhiab tsw 10-ntau as derived ng / L, ua rau nws nyuaj rau cov pa oxidants kom tag nrho mineralize. Ob leeg feem ntau sib koom ua ke hauv cov reservoirs thiab dej nyoos dej thaum lub caij ntuj sov high-algae lub sij hawm, teej tug mus rau cov qeb ntawm "sib cais, recalcitrant micropollutants."

1.2 Kev txwv ntawm Cov Txheej Txheem Txheej Txheem Coagulation, sedimentation, thiab filtration units feem ntau tshem tawm cov kuab paug thiab macromolecularly khi, ua tiav cov kev tshem tawm tsuas yog 10%–25% rau yaj 2-MIB thiab oxytetracycline. Ua ntej-chlorination thiab ib zaug-theem kua tshuaj chlorine tshuaj tua kab mob yooj yim tsim cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab muaj kev txwv oxidation efficiency rau 2-MIB. Xaus-point tshuaj tua kab mob ib leeg ua tsis tau raws li kev tswj hwm ntawm ob hom tshuaj no; ntau theem teeb meem yuav tsum tau tsim los siv adsorption-raws li kev kho mob sib sib zog nqus technologies.

2.1 Adsorption Mechanism PAC ua tiav adsorption los ntawm micropore filling, van der Waals rog, π-π conjugation, thiab hydrogen bonding: rau oxytetracycline, tshuaj adsorption thiab complexation adsorption yog dominant; rau 2-MIB, lub cev micropore filling yog qhov tseem ceeb. Adsorption kinetics ua raws li pseudo-thib ob- qauv xaj, thiab isotherms feem ntau ua raws li Freundlich qauv. Coal-raws li siab-iodine-tus nqi acid-ntxuav PAC, vim nws qhov zoo-tsim microporous qauv thiab muaj zog saum npoo ntawm pab pawg adaptability, yog superior rau ntoo-raws li PAC.

2.2 Kev tshem tawm tiag tiag

Rau oxytetracycline: Raws li qhov me me - ntsuas qhov ntsuas, PAC ntau npaum li 75 mg / L ua tiav qhov kev tshem tawm ntau dua 99% rau 1 mg / L oxytetracycline. Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm keeb kwm DOC nyob rau hauv cov dej nyoos, cov dej kho cov nroj tsuag muaj peev xwm tswj tau ug/L oxytetracycline theem ntawm kev nyab xeeb los ntawm kev ntxiv 1-35 mg / L. Txawm li cas los xij, kev sib tw adsorption los ntawm NOM txo cov peev txheej adsorption los ntawm 30% -50%.

Rau 2-MIB: PAC ntau npaum li cas ntawm 15-30 mg / L thiab lub sijhawm sib cuag Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 60 min ua tiav qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm 40% -70% rau ng / L 2-MIB. Thawj teev ntawm adsorption yog lub sij hawm sai adsorption; ncua sijhawm nyob hauv lub tank sib xyaw ua kom zoo dua qub. High residual chlorine thiab pH theem inhibit adsorption muaj peev xwm.

Cov txheej txheem tsis txaus: Kev siv tshuaj pib yog txwv los ntawm lub sijhawm nyob hauv hydraulic. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm algae siab, NOM thiab algal secretions nyob hauv qhov chaw adsorption, yooj yim ua rau "kev ua raws li thawj zaug tom qab kev tawg." Kev noj tshuaj thaum muaj xwm txheej loj nce sludge load thiab cov nqi khiav lag luam, thiab qee qhov tsis muaj zog adsorbed pa phem khiav tawm nrog cov lim dej.

3.1 GAC Adsorption yam ntxwv
GAC ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw ruaj khov -txoj kev teeb tsa lub txaj nrog lub sijhawm sib chwv lub txaj (EBCT) ntawm 10–20 min, ua tiav qeeb diffusion thiab sib sib zog nqus adsorption ntawm qhov seem seem 2-MIB thiab oxytetracycline hauv PAC effluent. Cov pa roj carbon monoxide activated carbon (BAC) txheej tsim dhau ntev - lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ib txhij ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm microbial degradation thiab adsorption regeneration. Thaum GAC ua haujlwm ib leeg, tus nqi tshem tawm ntawm 2-MIB tuaj yeem ncav cuag 70%–80%, thiab qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm cov ntsiab lus oxytetracycline tsawg yog kwv yees li 50%–65%, tab sis qhov pib muaj peev xwm adsorption tsawg thiab lub sijhawm pib ua haujlwm ntev.

3.2 Qhov zoo ntawm Dual - Txheej Txheej Lim
Tso lub 0.6-1.2 m GAC txheej (carbon xuab zeb lim) nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm quartz xuab zeb lim xov xwm tuaj yeem ntxiab colloidal kuab paug uas tsis tau tag nrho adsorbed los ntawm PAC, tiv thaiv lub hauv paus xuab zeb lim txheej, thiab ib txhij siv qhov zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm lim txuas ntxiv kom ua tiav ntev - lub sij hawm ruaj khov kho sib sib zog nqus. Cov txheej txheem rov qab tuaj yeem rov ua dua ib feem ntawm qhov chaw adsorption ntawm GAC nto, txuas nws lub neej kev pabcuam.

4.1 Synergistic Logic ntawm Ob -Stage Adsorption

Load Classification: PAC sai sai adsorbs siab tshaj -concentration pollutants thiab sib tw nrog loj molecules rau organic teeb meem nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej kawg, txo cov adsorption load thiab lom tus nqi ntawm GAC; GAC ua "kev kho kom zoo" ntawm cov kab mob uas nkag mus, ua kom muaj kev cuam tshuam gradient ntawm "coarse adsorption - fine adsorption".

Kev Txhim Kho Dej Zoo: PAC txo cov turbidity thiab NOM, optimizes GAC influent dej zoo, thiab tsub kom lub tsev adsorption muaj peev xwm ntawm GAC rau 2-MIB thiab oxytetracycline; GAC khaws cov hmoov zoo PAC, tiv thaiv cov hmoov carbon los ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv cov kav dej.

Kev Txhim Kho Tus Nqi: Ob qho - theem ua ke tuaj yeem txo PAC ntau npaum li 20%–40%, thaum txuas GAC rov tsim dua mus rau 1-2 xyoo. Zuag qhia tag nrho, nws txoj kev lag luam kev lag luam zoo dua rau ib qho siab - koob tshuaj PAC lossis cov txheej txheem GAC ntshiab.

4.2 Yam tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau Synergistic Effect

PAC Xaiv thiab Dosing Point: Ntxiv PAC rau lub tank sib xyaw / ua ntej flocculation, kom lub sij hawm sib cuag ntawm Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 40-90 min; Muab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov dej haus qib PACs nrog tus nqi iodine Ntau dua lossis sib npaug ntawm 1000 mg / g thiab methylene xiav tus nqi Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 200 mg / g (nrog rau cov dej- hais txog kev nyiam huv).

GAC Particle Loj thiab Lim Bed Thickness: 8 × 30 mesh thee-raws li crushed pumice yog tsim nyog rau 2-MIB, 12-20 mesh yog haum rau tshuaj tua kab mob; EBCT Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 12 min kom ruaj khov tshem tawm ntawm oxytetracycline.

Cov dej tsis zoo: nruab nrab pH (6.5–8.5), cov tshuaj chlorine uas tsis tshua muaj, thiab nruab nrab ua ntej- oxidation (O₃ 0.3–0.8 mg/L) tuaj yeem txhim kho kev sib koom ua ke ntawm ob- theem txheej txheem rau ob hom tshuaj mus rau ntau dua 90%.

4.3 Summary of Engineering Application Results

Pilot- ntsuas ntsuas thiab ntau lawm ntawm cov nroj tsuag dej uas twb muaj lawm qhia tau hais tias kev sib xyaw ntawm cov pa PAC (10–20 mg/L) thiab GAC hauv cov xuab zeb lim tau ua tiav tag nrho cov kev tshem tawm ntawm 80%–92% rau 2-MIB (10–100 ng/L) thiab 85%–95% rau oxytetracycline (0–10). Qhov no yog qhov zoo tshaj rau qib kev kho mob ntawm ib leeg PAC (50% – 70%) lossis ib leeg GAC (60% – 75%), thiab cov dej ntws tawm tuaj yeem ua tau raws li cov kev cai ntawm GB 5749-2022 thiab yav tom ntej stricter micropollutant tswj cov qauv.

Adsorption saturation thiab kev tso tawm theem nrab: Tsim kom muaj GAC ​​ua txhaum kev ceeb toom ntxov thiab cov ntxhiab tsw hauv online / tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, ua haujlwm thermal regeneration lossis hloov cov txheej txheem; standardize pov tseg ntawm PAC sludge kom tsis txhob muaj kuab paug rov qab.

Biosafety Risks: Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm BAC, tswj qhov kev siv zog thiab lub voj voog ntawm kev rov qab ntxuav kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam ntau dhau ntawm biofilm proliferation thiab tsim cov khoom siv roj ntsha lom neeg; post-cov ntsiab lus tshuaj tua kab mob kom ntseeg tau tias cov tshuaj chlorine seem hauv cov kav dej tau ua tau raws li cov qauv.

Txheej txheem Coupling Upgrades: Ntxiv permanganate composite ua ntej-oxidation los yog qis- koob tshuaj ozone (O₃/H₂O₂) ua ntej PAC ua kom muaj kev sib koom ua ke thoob plaws tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm "oxidative degradation{2}}PAC adsorption-GAC/BAC kev soj ntsuam kev sib sib zog nqus ntxiv,"

Xaus thiab Outlook

Hauv cov ntsiab lus tam sim no ntawm kuv lub teb chaws cov dej haus kev nyab xeeb hloov pauv los ntawm "kev tso dej raws cai" mus rau "kev noj qab haus huv thiab siab- dej zoo," ua ntej- ntxiv cov hmoov activated carbon ua ke nrog granular activated carbon adsorption hauv lub txaj lim yog qhov ua tau zoo, hloov tau, thiab kev lag luam micro-kev ua kom muaj pa phem tshaj plaws hauv Suav teb, cov nroj tsuag renovation tsim nyog. Cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib koom ua ke micro- cov pa phem xws li oxytetracycline thiab 2-MIB. Cov thev naus laus zis kho dej yav tom ntej yuav txhim kho mus rau "qhov tseeb adsorption, kev siv tshuaj ntse, hauv -situ regeneration, thiab kev sib koom ua ke ntawm ntau cov pa phem." Los ntawm cov thev naus laus zis tshiab xws li kev hloov kho cov pa roj carbon monoxide, kev ua haujlwm biochar, thiab membrane-carbon coupling, ib qho kev ua kom huv hauv dej yuav tsim los daws cov teeb meem hauv lub caij ntuj sov hauv cov dej, muab cov khoom siv ntau dua rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov dej haus hauv nroog thiab nyob deb nroog.