Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev tshem tawm cov kab mob ntawm cov organic teeb meem

Cov kab mob Heterotrophic siv COD / BOD cov pa phem hauv cov dej khib nyiab ua cov pa roj carbon thiab lub zog, decomposing lawv nyob rau hauv aerobic / anaerobic tej yam kev mob. Cov txheej txheem suav nrog cov molecules loj → me me molecules → CO₂, dej, methane, thiab cov kab mob sludge, yog li tshem tawm cov pa phem hauv dej.

1. Extracellular Hydrolysis (Macromolecule Pretreatment)

Cov molecules loj xws li cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab, roj, cov protein, thiab cellulose hauv cov dej khib nyiab tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv cov cell membrane. Cov kab mob secrete extracellular enzymes (amylase, protease, lipase):

• Proteins → Amino acids

• Polysaccharides → Glucose

• Roj → Glycerol + Fatty acids Tsuas yog thaum cov molecules loj hloov mus rau hauv cov organic molecules soluble me me tuaj yeem nqus tau los ntawm cov kab mob.

2. Transmembrane Active Transport (Kev nkag mus rau hauv Cell)

Cov organic molecules me me cia siab rau cov khoom thauj cov protein thiab nquag siv lub zog kom hla cov cell membrane thiab nkag mus rau cytoplasm.

3. Intracellular biochemical metabolism (core degradation, muab faib ua aerobic/anaerobic)

(1) Cov kab mob aerobic (activated sludge, aerobic tank, MBR)

Kev ua pa aerobic: O₂ ua raws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob

1. Glycolysis: Organic teeb meem → pyruvate, ib qho me me ntawm ATP

2. Tricarboxylic acid voj voog (TCA): ua tiav oxidative decomposition

3. Electron thauj saw: O₂ ua ke nrog H los tsim H₂O
Cov khoom kawg: CO₂ + H₂O + cov kab mob tshiab (proliferation, forming sludge)
Feem ntau cov dej khib nyiab hauv nroog cia siab rau cov kab mob aerobic kom tshem tawm BOD.

(2) Anaerobic bacteria (anaerobic tank, hydrolysis acidification, UASB)

Tsis muaj molecular oxygen; CO₃²⁻/organic teeb meem yog tus txais hluav taws xob, thiab cov txheej txheem ua tiav peb theem:

1. Hydrolytic acid- tsim cov kab mob: me me molecules → Volatile fatty acids (VFA) (acetic acid, propionic acid)

2. Hydrogen- tsim cov acetic acid- tsim cov kab mob: Ntev - saw VFA → Acetic acid + H₂/CO₂

3. Methanogenic cov kab mob: Acetic acid / H₂ + CO₂ → CH₄ + CO₂ Cov khoom kawg: Methane + Carbon dioxide + cov kab mob me me. Siab -cov dej khib nyiab thiab sludge digestion cia siab rau kev degradation anaerobic.

(3) Anaerobic Denitrifying Bacteria (A/O Anoxic Section)

Siv NO3- es tsis txhob O₂ ua tus txais electron, lawv degrade organic teeb meem thaum tib lub sij hawm tshem tawm nitrate nitrogen → N₂:
Organic matter + NO3- → CO2 + N2↑ + H2O
Daim Ntawv Thov: Cov txheej txheem dej khib nyiab denitrification

1. Mineralization (kwv yees li 70%): Ua tiav decomposed rau hauv CO₂, H₂O, thiab CH₄, ua gases tawm hauv lub cev dej;

2. Assimilation thiab Synthesis (20% ~ 30%): Organic teeb meem synthesizes cov kab mob tshiab, ua activated sludge/sludge, uas yog tshem tawm ntawm cov dej los ntawm sludge - dej sib cais nyob rau hauv lub thib ob sedimentation tank;

3. Cov Nqi Me: Cov khoom seem nruab nrab.

• Aerobic: DO=2~ 3 mg/L, pH 6.5 ~ 8.5, haum kub 20 ~ 35℃;

• Anaerobic: nruj me ntsis anaerobic, pH 6.8 ~ 7.5, methanogens vam meej ntawm 30 ~ 38 degree;

• Nutrient ratio: BOD:N:P ≈ 100:5:1, nitrogen thiab phosphorus deficiency kab mob tsis tuaj yeem loj hlob thiab degradation tsis zoo.