Muaj ntau cov pa phem nyob rau hauv dej paug, thiab cov peev txheej kuj tseem nyob ntawm . kab lus no yuav qhia cov qauv thiab kev kho mob ntawm 21}}
1 Cov khoom siv ntawm cov pa-orgen-siv organic (yooj yim biodegradable)? Cov qauv kev kho mob yog dab tsi?
Cov pa roj oxygen-noj cov organic (yooj yim biodegradable) tsuas yog muaj cov tshuaj pleev ib txwm muaj nyob hauv cov kab mob {{ Co {2. Cov organic no yuav tsum tau haus cov pa dej thaum lawv tau hu ua cov pa oxygen-.
Ib zaug lim dej muaj cov dej no nkag mus rau hauv lub cev dej paug, tshuaj khib nyiab, luam tawm, luam tawm cov khoom noj kom tsawg, uas yuav ua rau lub cev muaj kuab lom, tshuaj ntsuab {} Raws li kev txheeb cais, cov pa oxygen tawm los ntawm kuv lub teb chaws cov pa dej tsis zoo, tab sis yog cov oliechod-orge organic teeb meem tawm hauv nroog dej cawv kuj tseem yog heev loj . Cov teeb meem tseem ceeb yuav tsum daws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv qab, thiab nws yog qhov ua tau zoo li cov { feem ntau siv los sawv cev rau nws {{14} Feem ntau hais txog cov pa dej, thiab cov khoom tsis zoo ntawm 3mg / {}}}}} Tsis zoo . thaum nws tshaj 10mg / l, nws qhia tau tias cov kua dej zoo heev yog twb tsis zoo heev thiab yaj oxygen nyob rau hauv nws yog ze rau xoom.
Muaj teeb meem cov organic yooj yim tuaj yeem tshem tawm los ntawm cov txheej txheem biochemical, xws li cov txheej txheem ntsaws ruaj khov (xws li cov txheej txheem Atheration (xws li MBR, thiab lwm yam.
2 Dab tsi yog qhov nyuaj-rau-biodegrade organic teeb meem? Cov qauv kev kho mob yog dab tsi?
Nyuaj-rau-biodegrade organic muaj teeb meem yog hais txog cov organic cov tshuaj tua kab, tab sis tuaj yeem ua rau cov kab mob organic, tab sis tuaj yeem ua rau cov kab mob organic Cov tebchaw tau sawv cev los ntawm cov duab uas tsis yooj yim sua los ntawm cov kab mob {}} Cov organic cov lus teb tsis tuaj yeem raug hu ua inert .
Yog li ntawd, cov dej khib nyiab uas muaj cov organic yuav tsum tau kho kom cais los ntawm kev kho cov kab mob tshwj xeeb xws li kev siv hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb kom muaj kev kho mob rau theem nrab rau kev kho mob theem nrab rau kev kho mob theem nrab rau kev kho mob theem nrab rau theem nrab kev kho mob.
3 Qhov chaw ua haujlwm ntawm cov organic nitrogen thiab ammonia nitrogen nyob rau hauv dej khib nyiab? Cov qauv kev kho mob yog dab tsi?
Organic nitrogen mas muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm protein, raws li ura,} {{{{{{1} {{{{{{{2} Dej khib nyiab los ntawm kev lag luam uas tsim cov organic nitrogen lossis siv tshuaj khib nyiab, ferrogal, iav tsim tawm, noj ntau dua {{} Thawj cov ntsiab lus ntawm ammonia nitrogen nyob rau hauv tshiab quav thiab tsiaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov dej khib nyiab, tab sis yog cov khoom siv kom sai, tab sis yog cov dej ntws nrawm rau ib lub sijhawm .
Biological methods can be used to treat organic nitrogen industrial wastewater. While microorganisms remove organic carbon, advanced oxidation converts nitrogen in wastewater into ammonia nitrogen through biological assimilation and biomineralization. Treatment methods for ammonia nitrogen wastewater include steam stripping, air stripping, ion Txauv, ua haujlwm rau cov pa roj carbon adsorption, Nitrication thiab Denitrification.
4 Qhov chaw phosphorus thiab cov organic phosphorus hauv dej khib nyiab? Cov qauv kev kho mob yog dab tsi?
Lub tsev phos tshuaj phosphorus tseem ceeb hauv cov khoom siv dej ntxuav, tib neeg cov tshuaj ntxuav, thiab cov phosphorus hauv dej paug, thiab cov phosphorus hauv dej paug, thiab cov phosphorater yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau ntau dhau phosphorus hauv dej lub cev . muaj dej qias neeg muaj qhov tsis zoo, nws yuav cuam tshuam nrog kev kho mob ntawm lub cev, nws yuav cuam tshuam rau kev kho mob thiab cov neeg nyob hauv ib puag ncig zoo li cas thiab cov neeg nyob hauv ib puag ncig.
Phosphorus tshem tawm feem ntau siv cov txheej txheem biochemical (AO, A2O, thiab lwm yam phosphorus tshem tawm (orge}) thiab organic}} oxidation pretreatment ua ntej phosphorus tuaj yeem tshem tawm ib txwm .
5 Cov peev txheej ntawm acidic thiab alkaline dej khib nyiab? Cov qauv kev kho mob yog dab tsi?
High-concentration organic wastewaterater muaj cov acidic thiab alkaline wastewater los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ua ke, thiab cov roj ua kom zoo nkauj, thiab cov roj av acidurater { formic acid thiab acetic acid, thiab qee tus muaj ob qho tib si {% rau ntau dua li 1% rau cov khoom siv dej ntau dua li 1% thiab cov tawv nqaij alkalis {{{{}} cov alkali concentration ntawm qee qhov chaw pov tseg, dej qab zib thiab lwm yam acidmicic thiab organic tshuaj .
Random tawm ntawm wastewater muaj cov kua qaub thiab alkaline rau cov kua qaub thiab alkaly} Yog li ntawd, thaum muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov kua qaub thiab cov almaltive {1} thiab Alkaline cov ntsiab lus ntawm Alkaline Wastewater ncav ntau dua 2%, muaj kuj siv cov khoom siv roj organ{ic} Nws tuaj yeem siv los ntawm lwm cov chaw tsim khoom organic, thiab tseem muaj dej caw {4 4}} thiab Alkaline Wastewaterater nrog rau lub siab qab hauv qab 2%, tau txiav txim siab rau kev kho mob siab vim tias muaj qhov tseem ceeb me me ntawm kev rov ua dua tshiab .
6 Muaj cov pa paug uas muaj kuab paug nyob rau hauv dej paug khib nyiab? Cov qauv kev kho mob yog dab tsi?
Lub ntsiab muaj cov roj hmab dej lwg nyob rau hauv kev lag luam organic, kev lag luam petroleum, kev lag luam petroleum, kev lag luam ua lag luam, kev lag luam ua khoom noj khoom haus, kev lag luam ua khoom noj khoom haus, kev lag luam ua khoom noj khoom haus, kev lag luam ua khoom noj khoom haus, kev lag luam ua khoom noj khoom haus, kev lag luam ua khoom noj khoom haus, kev lag luam ua khoom noj khoom haus, kev lag luam ua lag luam, kev lag luam khoom noj los ntawm cov nqaij ua haujlwm, Kev ua mis nyuj, ntxhua khaub ncaws thiab lwm yam kev ua lag luam muaj cov roj muaj ntau, thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov roj av, thiab muaj feem xyuam 1. Qhov tseeb ntawm cov dej phwj tuaj rau cov roj dej uas muaj kuab lom rau cov roj av muaj kuab thiab cov roj ntsha tau zoo rau cov roj ntsha roj teeb orgeic dej yog cov khoom siv roj hmab ntau dua orgeidater yog feem ntau roj av.
Cov hom kev ua paug roj hauv dej hauv dej tuaj yeem muab faib ua tsib lub cev cov ntaub ntawv raws li lawv cov ntaub ntawv nyob hauv .
(1) Cov roj dawb tuaj yeem nce nrawm rau ntawm cov kua los ua cov roj ua yeeb yaj kiab lossis ntau dua {% ntawm tag nrho cov roj hauv cov dej khib nyiab hauv cov dej khib nyiab {}
(2) Cov roj tsis xws luag
(3) Emulsified oil droplets, the particle size is less than 10μm, generally 0.1-2μm. This type of oil droplet has a high chemical stability and often becomes a stable emulsion due to the presence of surfactants in the water.
(4) Cov roj uas yaj tau hais tias cov roj tsis tshua muaj roj ntsha me me
(5) cov roj txuas nrog, cov roj roj roj roj hmab adsrets ntawm cov npoo ntawm cov khoom khov kho hauv dej hauv dej.
Cov roj ntau hauv cov roj dej thiab cov roj hmab tshem tawm cov roj ntsha thiab cov roj tshem tawm cov roj av, thiab cov roj dej tshem tawm cov roj dej sib txawv.}}
7 Cov cuab yeej siv ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic microorganisms hauv dej khib nyiab hauv dej? Cov qauv kev kho mob yog dab tsi?
Nws yog feem ntau ntseeg tias muaj tsib hom pathogenic microorganisms hauv cov kab mob, cov kab mob ricketts ntawm syphilis uas tau sawv cev ntawm syphilis raws li tus thib rau hom ntawm pathogenic Cov kab mob microorganism, thiab cov tshuaj lim dej ntau dua li cov kab mob lim dej, thiab cov kab mob tawv, thiab cov kab mob tawv, thiab cov pob zeb tawv Cov kab mob .
Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau cov dej phwj tuaj nrog kev sib cais ntawm cov pathogens thiab cov kab mob loj heev, thiab tom qab ntawd nqa cov kab mob theem nrab, thiab tom qab ntawd cov kab mob tsis muaj zog rau lwm cov tshuaj tua kab mob tsis yooj yim sua kom tua nrog cov tshuaj tua kab mob dav dav.
Kev kho mob thiab kev kho kom tsis muaj menyuam, kho kom sov, ultraviolet kho kom pom muaj cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob muaj kev txhawj xeeb, ozone oxidation, ultraviolet iradiation thiab lwm txoj kev ua tau zoo heev, tab sis tsis muaj qhov sib txuas ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab, uas tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, uas tsis tuaj yeem ntxiv cov chlorine tom qab kev kho.
8 Cov chaw nyob ntawm nitrates thiab nitrites nyob hauv dej khib nyiab? Cov qauv kev kho mob yog dab tsi?
Kev tsim khoom siv Micro-electrolychyrecegred los ntawm kev lag luam xws li cov chiv thiab nitrites {}}} Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj cov khoom siv thiab nitrite thaum xub thawj, tab sis nws muaj peev xwm Txhawm rau hloov lawv mus rau hauv nitrate lossis nitrite thaum kev kho mob ntawm aerobic yog nqa tawm ntawm cov khib nyiab no .
Nitrite yog cov khoom nruab nrab ntawm cov nitrogen puag ncig thiab muaj cov xwm txheej tsis zoo rau hauv cov pa dej huv si hauv av huv si ntawm cov theem kawg ntawm inorganic decomposition ntawm nitrogen-muaj qhia {}} Yog li ntawd, thaum lub cev muaj txiaj ntsig zoo heev thiab dej lub cev tau ua tiav tus kheej-purification.
Yog tias cov dej muaj ntau ntxiv thiab lwm yam nitrogen-muaj cov duab sib xyaw ua ke, nws yog purification {} tib lub sijhawm nitrogen thiab nitrite nitrogen nyob hauv lub cev dej yuav txiav txim siab thiab ua ke nrog kev tsom xam thiab kuaj cov organic nitrogen thiab tag nrho cov nitrogen los txheeb xyuas cov kab mob dej los ntawm cov kab ke ntawm nitrogen thiab tus kheej-purification.
Kev tshuaj xyuas cov nitrogen sib xyaw no tseem tuaj yeem siv los txiav txim siab ntawm kev kho cov dej phwj tuaj thiab cov nitrite, uas yog qhov ua rau Nitrite tuaj yeem raug txo rau tib neeg lub cev, Yog li haus dej haus nrog lub nitration siab kuj tseem muaj kev phom sij rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv {2} Cov miv nyig itrate cov kab mob siab yuav nce cov ntshav thiab ua rau lom {}
Yog li ntawd, cov qauv hauv tebchaws tau ua cov kev qhia nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv dej hauv lawv mg / l nyob rau hauv n .
Cov txheej txheem sib xyaw rau kev kho cov dej khib nyiab uas muaj cov nitrate me me lossis nitrite thiab lwm txoj hauv kev kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv .
9 Cov tshuaj fluoride hauv dej kom tau cov tshuaj fluorater yog dab tsi? Cov qauv kev kho mob yog dab tsi?
Yuav tsum tau tso tshuaj fluoride uas muaj cov tshuaj fluorine-muaj cov khoom siv tshuaj tua kab, cov khoom siv tshuaj tua dej tuaj yeem faib ua ob pawg: daus daus las thiab kev kos duab Txoj kev .} Cov ncauj lus tsis txaus ntseeg yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev kho cov tshuaj lom neeg fluoride nrog cov tshuaj lom neeg fluoride muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg ua kom muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv fluoride muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv fluidide ntau huv concentration Tseem tsis tuaj yeem ua tau raws li cov kev cai cuam tshuam tom qab kev kho nag lossis daus.
10 Cov khoom ntawm cov sulfide hauv dej khib nyiab yog dab tsi? Cov qauv kev kho mob yog dab tsi?
Muaj quav dej Wastewater muaj cov sulfide yuav tau tawm hauv cov roj ua kom huv, luam yeeb, luam yeeb, luam yeeb, luam ntawv thiab ntxi}}} Nws muaj ob txoj kev kho rau sulfide-muaj dej khib nyiab: hloov mus rau hauv cov ntsev ua ntsev rau flocculation thiab nag lossis daus thiab kev hloov dua tshiab rau hauv cov sulfide rau hauv hydrogen sulfide rau stripping.
11 Cov khoom siv ntawm cyanide hauv dej khib nyiab yog dab tsi? Cov qauv kev kho mob yog dab tsi?
Lub ntuj dej lub cev feem ntau tsis muaj cyanide {}}}}}}}}} Qhov chaw muaj kuab lom thiab luam tawm, hluav taws xob, hlau nto Kev kho mob, Coke ncu, ntsuas roj chev, cov khoom siv roj teeb thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob} cyanide muaj cov neeg khib nyiab . Cov tshuaj hypocegent thiab tom qab ntawd hydrolyze nws mus rau Cyanate nws mus rau Cyanate, uas yog tom qab ntawd oxidized rau hauv cov pa roj carbon dioxide thiab nitrogen nyob rau hauv Alkaline tej yam kev mob thiab hloov pauv mus rau hauv cov ntsev ammonium nyob rau hauv acidic tej yam kev mob.
12 Qhov chaw ua haujlwm ntawm Phenol hauv dej hauv dej tsis tau li cas? Cov qauv kev kho mob yog dab tsi?
Roj ua kom ua kom tsis txhob muaj tshuaj lom neeg, cob qhia cov tshuaj tawg, cov khoom siv tshuaj khib nyiab, thee kev lag luam, thee kev lag luam, thee kev lag luam kuj tso tawm ntau ntawm phenol-uas muaj wastewater. The treatment methods for high-phenol wastewater include extraction, activated carbon adsorption and incineration. The treatment methods for medium-concentration water include biological method, activated carbon adsorption method and chemical oxidation method. Low-concentration phenol-containing wastewater can also be treated by ozone oxidation or activated carbon adsorption {{}}
13 Qhov chaw ntawm cov nyiaj hauv dej khib nyiab yog dab tsi? Cov qauv kev kho mob yog dab tsi?
Nyiaj yog ib tug zoo li cov khoom xim dawb {{cov nyiaj, kev lag luam siv tshuaj ntsuab wastewater are electroplating and photography industries. There are four basic methods for removing silver from wastewater: precipitation, ion exchange, reduction substitution and electrolytic recovery. Adsorption, reverse osmosis and electrodialysis are also used. Because the economic value of recovering silver from wastewater is high, in order to achieve a high rov qab tus nqi, ntau txoj kev feem ntau siv hauv kev sib xyaw ua ke nrog cov txheej txheem dej nyab xeeb los ntawm kev piv txwv, electroplation lossis electrolytic txo .
14 Qhov chaw Nickel nyob rau hauv dej khib nyiab yog dab tsi? Cov qauv kev kho mob yog dab tsi?
Micro-electrolytic yog ib tug silvery-dawb hlau nrog cov neeg siv npib npe zoo, thiab cov orgel complexes.}}}}}}}}}}}} Muaj ntau cov khoom siv ntawm Nickel-muaj Wastewater, feem ntau electroplating kev lag luam. Txuas, cov khoom lag luam, thiab lwm yam khoom siv, cov iav, iav thiab lwm yam kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob, iav thiab lwm txoj kev rau kev kho Nickel-muaj dej khib nyiab suav nrog cov kev cai los sis nag lossis daus, ioncharide nag lossis somipitation
15 Qhov chaw ua yeeb yam ntawm txhuas nyob hauv dej khib nyiab yog dab tsi? Cov qauv kev kho mob yog dab tsi?
Cov hmoov txhuas ntshiab yog greyish dawb thiab yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau cov khoom siv roj av xws li cov roj teeb ua haujlwm tau zoo li cov roj txhuas muaj cov hmoov txhuas zoo tshaj plaws, thiab cov txhuas Kev tsim kho ntawm Wastewating tsim los ntawm cov kev lag luam electroping electropment ua kua txiv neej rau kev kho cov hmoov av uas muaj dej nag, thiab lwm yam.
16 Cov chaw ntawm chromium hauv dej khib nyiab yog dab tsi? Cov qauv kev kho mob yog dab tsi?
Cov chromium chromium yog ib qho kev siv hluav taws xob uas muaj kev lag luam khib nyiab loj dua, thiab cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke yog ib qho ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ua haujlwm siab tshaj plaws hauv kev sib ncig lub zog txias thiab tau ua tiav siv dav . qhov tsim cov inks, dogy} Cov nqaij nyuj sib xyaw ua ke, Cov nyiaj sib txawv ntawm chromium {{chromium muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev lag luam wexentent (cro}}} {{{{{ Txhawm rau mus rau Chromium thiab tom qab ntawd tshem tawm cov kev sib tw chromium los ntawm kev ua kom muaj dej paug hluav taws xob tsis pub muaj dej num los ntawm cov txheej txheem chromium-muaj cov dej khov kho Qib {{}}
17 Cov khoom siv ntawm mercury nyob rau hauv dej khib nyiab yog dab tsi? Cov qauv kev kho mob yog dab tsi?
Mercury, tseem hu ua cov nrawm nrawm, yog cov khoom siv ua kua dawb nrog cov khoom siv ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab tshuaj tawg, cov tshuaj tsuag, luam ntawv thiab cov quav, Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob, Chaw Tshuaj, Cov xim av, cov tshuaj lom neeg, muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke thiab lwm yam kev siv tshuaj thiab lwm yam tshuaj lom neeg mercury {5. Cov txheej txheem sib xws rau kev kho cov mercury, ua kom cov roj ntsha, ua kom cov roj ntsha ua kom muaj zog, ua haujlwm rau cov roj av {}
18 Cov chaw ntawm Ecothochlorine hauv dej khib nyiab? Cov qauv kev kho mob yog dab tsi?
Ormochlorine tebchaw xws li chlorinated olefins, feem ntau muaj cov tshuaj tua kab, cov roj av, cov roj hmab, tshuaj lom neeg, tshuaj lom neeg fibers thiab lwm yam kev lag luam . Cov khoom siv dej khib nyiab yog hydrogen chloride me me {2} Cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb ntawm anhydrous hydrogen chloride txoj kev thiab incineterine-flue roj rov qab los ntawm hydrochloric acid txujci.
19 Dab tsi yog qhov chaw ntawm Benzopyrenee hauv dej khib nyiab? Cov qauv kev kho mob yog dab tsi?
Benzopyrene, raug xa mus rau raws li bap, yog ib tug sawv cev muaj zog caromatic polycyclicon thiab cov khoom siv ua ntej los ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis tiav ntawm cov organic, thiab cov tom kawg tsuas yog los ntawm biological synthesis ntawm ntuj txoj kev cai.
Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv kev lag luam nrog tsis tiav cov organic, xws li cov roj ua kom zoo nkauj, thiab lwm yam kev siv hluav taws xob, thiab yooj yim} {. Kev kawm ua kom zoo ntawm ozone, ua kua tshuaj chlorine, thiab cov tshuaj chlorine dioxide, thiab ua kom tshem tawm cov pa roj hmab, thiab ua kom tiav tshem tawm cov bap los ntawm cov dej khib nyiab los ntawm cov dej khib nyiab los ntawm cov dej khib nyiab los ntawm cov dej khib nyiab los ntawm cov dej khib nyiab los ntawm cov dej khib nyiab {}}
20 Qhov chaw ua haujlwm ntawm Cadmium hauv dej khib nyiab yog dab tsi? Cov qauv kev kho mob yog dab tsi?
Cadmium yog cov hlau nplaum grey-dawb uas muaj feem ntau hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tuaj yeem siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm muab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm muab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj zog rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, pigments, yas ruaj ruaj ruaj ruaj, alloys thiab cov roj teeb. Cov khoom siv pov tseg, cov tshuaj tua kab, cov duab hluav taws xob, cov duab hluav taws xob, cov duab hluav taws xob, cov tshuaj tua kab mob rau cadmium-muaj dej khib nyiab suav hydroxide lossis sulfide nag lossis ioncharation, oxide-concide, mem cia li kev sib pauv, rov ua kom zoo dua qub .
21 Qhov chaw ua haujlwm ntawm arsenic hauv dej khib nyiab? Cov qauv kev kho mob yog dab tsi?
Arsenic muaj cov xim txho nws yog xim av hauv dej, tab sis ntau} in solicolved. inorgal oxygen, arsenite tuaj yeem oxidized rau hauv kev sib tw nrog qis dua toxicity. Arsenic acid and arsenate exist in industrial wastewater from industries such as metallurgy, glassware, ceramics, leather, chemicals, fertilizers, petroleum refining, alloys, sulfuric acid, fur, dyes and pesticides. Conventional treatment methods for arsenic include lime or sulfide precipitation, or Co-agipitation nrog hlau los yog aluminium hydroxide. Kev kho mob carbon lossis} Ib txwm muaj kev ua tiav ntawm kev ua tiav ntawm kev ua tiav ntawm xyoo tas los, kev tshawb fawb txog kev siv ntawm biochemical cov hau kev los kho arsenic-muaj txheej txheej tau ua tiav .
Cov kev sim tau pom tias txoj kev ua kom txaus ntshai tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm thaum lub sijhawm 1 mus rau qhov kev sib chwv los ntawm kev ua kom tsis txhob muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm qis rau kev ua haujlwm qis Yog qhov siab dua qhov uas rau cov kev ua kom siab, uas tseem qhia tau tias qhov kev txiav txim siab rau tshem tawm arsenic kuj txwv.