Hauv kev kho dej khib nyiab cog kev lag luam thiab kev saib xyuas, kev tshem tawm cov sludge yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab ua yuam kev -nrawm 环节 (txuas / kauj ruam). Kev tshem tawm cov sludge ntau dhau ua rau poob ntawm cov sludge zoo, nitrification tsis ua haujlwm, thiab cov dej ntws tawm ntau tshaj li cov qauv; Kev tshem tawm cov sludge tsis txaus ua rau sludge aging thiab disintegration, thiab cov supernatant muaj cov khoom zoo. Ntau tus neeg vam khom qhov kev xav thaum tshem tawm cov sludge, ua rau SRT hloov pauv thiab ua haujlwm tsis ruaj khov.
Txhawm rau daws cov teeb meem tshem tawm sludge, tus yuam sij yog xam kom raug Sludge Age (SRT), tsis yog kev paub dhau los. Kev nkag siab SRT tso cai rau kev tshem tawm cov sludge ntau, kom ntseeg tau tias kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov ntawm cov sludge system.
I. Lub ntsiab txhais ntawm SRT: Nkag siab Sludge Hnub nyoog hauv ib kab lus
Sludge Hnub Nyoog (SRT): Qhov piv ntawm tag nrho cov nyiaj tau los ntawm cov sludge ua haujlwm hauv lub tank aeration rau cov seem ntawm cov sludge tawm txhua hnub, ntsuas hauv hnub (d). Nws sawv cev rau lub sijhawm nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov sludge cog tshiab hauv lub tank aeration. Hauv cov ntsiab lus yooj yim: qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov hnub ib pawg ntawm cov sludge nyob twj ywm hauv lub tank los ntawm ib tiam mus tso tawm.
Cov qauv kev suav: (Simplified Version)
SRT=Total System Sludge Volume / Daily Excess Sludge Discharge
SRT=(MLSS × V) ÷ (Q_w × MLSS_w)
Kev piav qhia Parameter:
MLSS: Mixed cawv sludge concentration nyob rau hauv lub aeration tank, unit kg / m³, xav txog tag nrho cov nyiaj uas twb muaj lawm sludge nyob rau hauv lub system.
V: Siv tau qhov ntim ntawm lub aeration tank, chav tsev m³.
Q_w: Txhua hnub tshaj sludge tawm ntim, unit m³ / d.
MLSS_w: Sludge concentration (kg / m³), coj raws li cov sludge concentration nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub thib ob sedimentation tank, feem ntau 1.5-2 zaug MLSS ntawm lub aeration tank.
Nco ntsoov qhov txawv: SRT ≠ HRT (Lub Sijhawm Hydraulic Retention)
HRT yog lub sijhawm khaws cov dej khib nyiab (ntau teev), sawv cev tus nqi rov ua dua dej; SRT yog lub sij hawm tuav cov sludge (ob peb hnub mus rau ntau tshaj kaum hnub, lossis ntev dua), uas sawv cev rau lub voj voog kev loj hlob ntawm microbial. Qhov ob yog cov ntsiab lus sib txawv kiag li.
II. Xam Xaj Xam Xaj: Ceev nrooj ntawm SRT Txoj Kev Xam Xaj
Piv txwv 1 (Xaiv Sludge Hnub Nyoog): Ib tsob nroj aeration tank muaj MLSS ntawm 3 kg / m³, lub tank zoo ntawm 2500 m³, thiab ib hnub sludge tawm ntawm 50 m³, nrog sludge concentration ntawm 6 kg / m³.
Tag nrho qhov system sludge ntim=Aeration tank MLSS × Tank ntim=3 × 2500=7500 kg
Txhua hnub sludge tawm=Txhua hnub sludge tawm ntim × Sludge concentration=50 × 6=300 kg
Sludge Age (SRT)=Tag nrho cov sludge ntim ÷ Txhua hnub sludge tso tawm ntim=7500 ÷ 300=25 hnub
Piv txwv 2 (Xaiv Sludge Discharge Volume): Ib tsob nroj lub hom phiaj SRT yog 25 hnub, lub aeration tank muaj MLSS ntawm 3 kg / m³, ib tug zoo tank ntim ntawm 2500 m³, thiab sludge concentration ntawm 6 kg / m³.
Tag nrho cov sludge ntim=3 × 2500=7500kg
Txhua hnub sludge tawm=Tag nrho cov sludge ntim ÷ SRT=7500 ÷ 25=300kg
Txhua hnub sludge tawm ntim=Txhua hnub sludge tawm ntim ÷ Sludge concentration=300 ÷ 6=50m³
III. SRT Standard Control Range rau Txhua Tus Txheej Txheem
Cov txheej txheem sib txawv sib txawv ntawm SRT sib txawv, thiab raug cuam tshuam los ntawm dej kub: Siab -kub cov kab mob metabolize sai, yog li SRT tuaj yeem luv dua; Tsawg-kub nitrifying kab mob loj hlob qeeb, yog li SRT xav tau ntev dua.
Cov txheej txheem activated sludge: 5-15 hnub
Cov txheej txheem nrog nitrification muaj nuj nqi (nitrogen thiab phosphorus tshem tawm): 10-20 hnub
Extended aeration, oxidation ditch txheej txheem: 20-30 hnub
MBR membrane txheej txheem: 30-60 hnub (Membrane modules muaj peev xwm tuav tau zoo, uas tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv sludge hnub nyoog)
Raws li kev tswj hwm SRT rau cov chaw kho dej khib nyiab hauv nroog: 10-20 hnub.
IV. Tshaj SRT: Sludge Aging Yuav Tsum Muaj Sludge Tshem Tawm
Ib qho ntev ntev SRT qhia tias cov sludge tseem nyob hauv lub tank ntev dhau lawm, ua rau sludge aging. Qhov no yog ib qho mob tshwm sim ntau zaus ntawm -site.
Cov tsos mob tshwm sim: Tsaus - xim sludge, qis SVI (feem ntau<70), finely broken flocs; fine particles in the supernatant of the secondary sedimentation tank; thin, brownish scum on the surface; high SS in the effluent, with COD generally normal.
Cov Uas Tseem Ceeb: Tsis txaus sludge tawm, ua rau muaj SRT siab. Kev noj zaub mov tsis txaus microbial ua rau lub sijhawm ua pa endogenous, ua rau cov sludge flocs tawg thiab muaj hnub nyoog, txo cov kab mob zoo.
Kev Ntsuas Kev Kho: Maj mam nce sludge tawm los ntawm 10% -20% txhua zaus, soj ntsuam rau 3-5 hnub ua ntej kev hloov kho me me. Tsis txhob tso tawm tam sim ntawd. Thaum cov kev khiav hauj lwm nyob ruaj khov, txhim kho cov sludge tawm ntim thiab hloov me me txhua hnub.
V. Luv luv SRT: Tsis txaus Cov Hluas Sludge Yuav Tsum Txo Cov Sludge Tawm
Ib qho luv luv SRT qhia tau tias cov sludge tawm ntau dhau, nrog cov sludge raug tso tawm ua ntej nws tau loj tuaj, ua rau cov sludge tsis txaus hauv lub cev.
Cov tsos mob tshwm sim: Nyuaj hauv kev nce MLSS (Mixed Liquefaction Saturation), turbid pas dej ua ke; yooj yim tshaj COD cov qauv hauv effluent, tsis zoo nitrification, thiab ntau dhau ammonia nitrogen.
Cov laj thawj tseem ceeb: Tshaj tawm cov sludge ntau dhau, nrog cov sludge poob ntau tshaj qhov microbial proliferation tus nqi. Cov kab mob nitrifying muaj lub voj voog ntev, thiab cov hnub nyoog luv luv tsis tuaj yeem khaws cia, ua rau denitrification tsis ua haujlwm.
Kev npaj kho mob: Txo cov sludge tawm thiab txuas ntxiv SRT (Sludge Retention Time). Thaum SRT qis dua 5 hnub, cov kab mob nitrifying yog qhov nyuaj rau khaws cia, thiab ammonia nitrogen yuav nce ntxiv. Sludge tawm yuav tsum tau muab ncua rau 3-7 hnub kom cia cov sludge rov qab. Kev tsim kho cov kab mob nitrifying hauv zej zog nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub yuav siv sij hawm ntau tshaj 10 hnub, thiab txawm nyob rau lub caij ntuj no ntev dua.
VI. Kev sib raug zoo ntawm SRT thiab F / M Load
SRT thiab F/M (sludge load) yog inversely cuam tshuam thiab yuav tsum tau siv ua ke nrog rau ib leeg ntawm -site, tsis txiav txim nyob rau hauv kev rho tawm:
Tsawg F / M → Tsis txaus substrate, sludge ntau → Sib txuam SRT ntev dua, sludge yog nquag laus, thiab tsim nyog sludge tawm.
Siab F / M → txaus substrate, tsis txaus sludge → Sib txuam SRT yog luv, sludge tsis paub tab, thiab sludge tawm yuav tsum tau txo kom khaws sludge.
Kev Ua Haujlwm thiab Kev Txhim Kho Kev Txhim Kho: Ua ntej, kos F / M txhawm rau txiav txim siab seb puas tsim nyog cov sludge tawm, tom qab ntawd xam cov SRT los txiav txim siab cov sludge paug, ua tiav kev tswj xyuas meej.
VII. Ntawm -site Quick Visual Judgment Techniques
Tsaus sludge, qis SVI (feem ntau<70), supernatant contains fine particles: Long SRT (aging), increase sludge discharge.
Tsawg MLSS, dej turbid, siab ammonia nitrogen: luv SRT (cov tub ntxhais hluas sludge), txo cov sludge paug.
Ceev ceev tab sis turbid supernatant, sludge to: Feem ntau vim load fluctuations los yog sludge bulking, tsis cuam tshuam rau SRT.
Kev hloov pauv sludge tawm tab sis tsis tu ncua txo MLSS: Txo cov kev ua kom muaj zog lossis cov sludge lom.
VIII. Ob qho kev xav tsis zoo txog On -Sludge Discharge
Kev ntseeg yuam kev 1: Ntev- lub sij hawm tsis muaj sludge tawm, ntshai sludge poob thiab tsis txaus sludge concentration.
Muaj coob tus neeg ntshai ntawm sludge to thiab tsis txhob tso cov sludge. Ntev -Lub sij hawm xoom sludge tawm yuav ua rau SRT siab heev, sludge aging thiab disintegration, thiab txo cov kev kho mob. Sludge tso tawm yog los hloov cov sludge hnub nyoog thiab tsis muaj txiaj ntsig thiab yog qhov tsim nyog ua haujlwm los txhim kho cov zej zog microbial.
Misconception 2: Fluctuating sludge tawm ntim, arbitrarily kho.
Kev hloov pauv sludge tawm ntim yuav ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv loj hauv SRT, cuam tshuam cov zej zog microbial, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ua rau cov kab mob nitrifying, ua rau tsis ruaj tsis khov ammonia nitrogen. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshem tawm cov sludge: stability, txuas ntxiv, thiab zoo -tuning.
Cov sludge tshem tawm tsis yog hais txog kev xav; nws yog hais txog cov ntaub ntawv. Mastering SRT xam, kev ntsuas kev ua haujlwm, thiab kev hloov kho, tsis txhob muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau, thiab suav SRT kom raug yuav ua kom muaj kev tshem tawm cov sludge.