BBC documentary ib zaug qhia txog cov tsiaj tej yam yees siv uas "tau txais dej los ntawm cov suab puam". Muaj ib tug kab nyob hauv suab puam ntawm Namibia. Lawv lub nraub qaum yog tsim los ntawm hydrophilic pob thiab super-hydrophobic substrates, uas tso cai rau cov kab kom ntes cov dej noo ntawm huab cua.
Txhua tag kis sawv ntxov, huab cua nyob rau hauv Namibian suab puam muaj pos huab. Lub sijhawm no, cov dej noo nyob ib puag ncig cov kab yuav raug ntes los ntawm hydrophilic pob ntawm nws lub cev.
Tom qab ntawd, cov dej noo yuav maj mam condense rau hauv cov dej ntws ntawm lub plhaub tawv ntawm cov kab. Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus, cov tee dej ntws mus rau hauv nws lub qhov ncauj raws super-hydrophobic rov qab ntawm kab. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, nyob rau hauv cov suab puam tsis tshua muaj dej, cov kab tau txais cov dej haus zoo li no.
Tau ntev, pab neeg ntawm xibfwb Li Jian ntawm Northwest Normal University tau ua raws li kev tshawb fawb lub tswv yim ntawm "kev kawm los ntawm xwm". Kev sib cais roj-dej yog ib qho ntawm nws cov lus qhia tshawb fawb. Nws ib zaug xav txog: Yog tias cov qauv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov kab suab puam tau ua ke nrog cov dej hauv qab dej super-oleophobic membrane, cov roj ntsha puas tuaj yeem raug ntes thiab siv hauv kev sib cais roj-dej?
Nws lub tswv yim thaum kawg los ua qhov tseeb. Tsis ntev dhau los, kev tshoov siab los ntawm cov suab puam beetle "dej sau hauv huab", nws thiab nws pab neeg tau tsim cov kab suab puam zoo li roj-dej sib cais membrane, uas muaj "cov roj sau ua haujlwm hauv dej".
Lub membrane yog tsim los ntawm tsa hydrophobic ZIF-8 oleophilic hais thiab hauv qab txheej polyacrylonitrile (PAN) underwater superoleophobic khoom.
Thaum sib cais cov dej-hauv-roj emulsions, cov tsa hydrophobic / oleophilic hais (ZIF-8) tuaj yeem ua tiav "cov roj sau hauv dej" thiab demulsification, thaum cov txheej hauv qab hauv qab dej superoleophobic membrane (PAN) plays lub luag haujlwm tshuaj xyuas ntawm emulsion. Raws li kev sib koom ua ke ntawm ob, "kev lag luam tawm" cuam tshuam ntawm kev sib cais kev ua haujlwm thiab cov dej ntawm cov tsoos underwater superoleophobic daim nyias nyias yog tawg, thiab kev sib cais efficiency ntawm cov roj-dej emulsion yog txhim kho thaum lub sib cais flux yog txhim kho, thiab Kev sib cais ntawm ntau yam dej-hauv-roj emulsions thiab txawm tias dej-hauv-crude roj emulsions tau ua tiav.
Raws li lub hauv paus no, pab neeg tshawb fawb tau qhia txog kev txhim kho kev sib cais ntawm "kev ntes-kev sib sau-kev sib cais" ntawm cov roj-dej sib cais membrane.
Nws cia siab tias qhov kev ua tiav no yuav muaj qee qhov kev cia siab rau hauv kev kho mob sib sib zog nqus thiab kev siv peev txheej ntawm cov dej khib nyiab oily.
Piv txwv li, nws tuaj yeem siv los kho cov dej khib nyiab uas tsim los ntawm kev lag luam petrochemical, metallurgical kev lag luam, kev lag luam textile, kev lag luam khoom noj, cov dej phwj hauv nroog, cov roj nchuav, cov nkoj thauj mus los, thiab cov roj thiab roj extraction, thiab xav kom ua tiav kev sib cais thiab ua kom huv.
Nws tau nkag siab tias qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov dej huv uas tshwm sim los ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm cov roj crudes thiab cov roj av pov tseg yog qhov teeb meem thoob ntiaj teb uas ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm ib puag ncig ecological thiab txwv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tib neeg lub neej.
Kev kho mob sib sib zog nqus thiab kev siv cov dej khib nyiab oily yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev daws cov dej tsis txaus, tiv thaiv ib puag ncig ecological, pab txuag hluav taws xob thiab txo qis emissions, thiab ua tiav cov hom phiaj "dual carbon".
Membrane thev naus laus zis, raws li lub tswv yim rau kev sib cais thiab ntxuav cov dej khib nyiab, muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab thiab kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg, thiab suav tias yog ib qho ntawm cov thev naus laus zis zoo tshaj plaws rau kev kho cov dej khib nyiab. Los ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas qhov pore loj thiab kev tswj hwm qhov dej ntawm qhov dej, qhov kev siv tshuab no tuaj yeem ua tiav cov kev sib cais ntawm cov roj-dej sib tov.
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov teeb meem ntawm daim nyias nyias los ntawm surfactant adsorption lossis roj droplet clogging ntawm pores tseem yog ib qho teeb meem loj tshaj plaws hauv kev kho cov dej khib nyiab.
Kev sib kis ntawm cov roj av yuav ua rau txo qis ntawm cov roj-dej sib cais daim nyias nyias, txo qis kev sib cais, thiab nce kev siv hluav taws xob. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tsim cov roj-dej sib cais daim nyias nyias nrog kev sib cais ua haujlwm siab thiab kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov, yog li kev kho sib sib zog nqus thiab kev siv cov dej khib nyiab tuaj yeem ua tiav.
Hauv kev teb rau cov teeb meem fouling feem ntau ntsib los ntawm cov roj-dej sib cais daim nyias nyias, tshwm sim los ntawm kev ntxuav tus kheej ntawm cov nplai ntses, Li Jian pab pawg tau npaj cov khoom sib cais xws li cov ntaub ntawv sib cais thiab cov khoom sib cais adsorption txij li xyoo 2015, tsom rau lub tswv yim tsim ntawm superhydrophilicity / underwater superoleophobicity.
Ntawm lawv, cov ntaub ntawv sib cais pom lawv tsim tuaj yeem ua tiav kev sib cais ntawm cov roj-dej emulsions. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov teeb meem tsuas yog thaum cov khoom siv no siv los kho cov roj-dej emulsions, thaum kev sib cais ua kom zoo dua qub, cov flux yuav raug txo.
Tshwj xeeb, los ntawm kev tsim lub hydrophilic nto, dej tuaj yeem dhau los ntawm lub pore qauv ntawm daim nyias nyias thiab tsim ib txheej hydration ntawm qhov chaw, yog li tiv thaiv kev sib cuag ntawm cov roj tee thiab cov khoom sib cais.
Cov txheej txheej txheej membrane sib sau ua ke los ntawm ob-seem cov ntaub ntawv muaj ultra-thin membrane thickness thiab nanopores, thiab nws cov nanochannels muaj ob qho tib si siab permeability thiab siab selectivity.
Txawm li cas los xij, nrog rau qhov nce ntawm permeation flux, ib qho kev khiav dej num ntau dua yuav tshwm sim ntawm daim nyias nyias, uas yuav ua rau txo qis hauv qhov sib nrug ntawm ob sab txheej txheej txheej membrane, yog li txo cov permeation flux.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov txo qis hauv qhov sib nrug ntawm ob sab ntawm daim nyias nyias yuav ua rau cov hydration txheej ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg, kom cov kev ua haujlwm tiv thaiv fouling txo. Yog li ntawd, yuav ua li cas sib npaug ntawm cov permeation flux thiab antifouling muaj peev xwm yog ib qho teeb meem nyuaj hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov roj-dej sib cais membranes.
Txhawm rau daws qhov teeb meem no, pab pawg tshawb fawb tau siv cov txheej txheem hlau organic (MOF, UiO-66-NH2) nanoparticles thiab ob-dimensional MXene nanosheets los ntawm kev sib txuas tus kheej lub tswv yim los tsim kom muaj lub siab permeability functional membrane.
Qhov no siab permeability ua haujlwm membrane tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm tus kheej lub tswv yim. Hauv kev nthuav dav, txheej txheej intercalation tsim los ntawm hlau organic moj khaum nanoparticles tuaj yeem nthuav dav qhov sib txawv ntawm ob sab ntawm MXene nanosheets, yog li txhim kho cov permeation flux.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, hlau organic moj khaum nanoparticles tuaj yeem txhawb nqa MXene nanosheets thiab zam qhov extrusion ntawm daim nyias nyias txheej los ntawm qhov siab ib txwm ntws tawm ntawm daim nyias nyias.
Ntxiv mus, hlau organic moj khaum nanoparticles kuj muaj cov dej zoo heev thiab cov dej tuav cov khoom, uas tuaj yeem ua rau kev sib cais ntawm daim nyias nyias thiab cov hydration txheej ntawm cov txheej txheej intercalation ruaj khov, kom cov roj-dej sib cais membrane muaj cov dej hauv qab superoleophobicity thiab antifouling zog.
Tsis tas li ntawd, hydrogen bonds tsim ntawm polyethylene glycol (PEG) thiab MXene thiab hlau organic moj khaum pab ntxiv txhim khu kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov qauv intercalation thiab ntxiv txhim kho lub hydrophilicity ntawm lub functional membrane.
Feem ntau, ua tsaug rau qhov tshwj xeeb intercalation qauv ntawm ob-dimensional MXene membrane cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov hydrophilicity thiab dej tuav ntawm cov hlau organic moj khaum hais, cov roj-dej sib cais membrane qhia cov nram qab no zoo:
Ua ntej, qhov chaw thiab intercalation ruaj khov hydration txheej muab nws zoo heev los tiv thaiv fouling muaj peev xwm; thib ob, qhov ruaj khov interlayer spacing muab nws qhov kev sib txuas thiab ruaj khov siab-flux sib cais muaj peev xwm. Thib peb, nws kuj muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo heev.
Nrog rau cov peev txheej no, nws tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog daws qhov teeb meem ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov permeation flux thiab anti-fouling muaj peev xwm ntawm ob-seem txheej txheej txheej membranes, tab sis kuj muab cov tswv yim tshiab rau kev txhim kho cov roj-dej sib cais membrane cov ntaub ntawv, thiab mus rau ib qho kev daws teeb meem ntawm daim nyias nyias muaj kuab paug los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tam sim no super-hydrophilic / underwater super-oleophobic membrane cov ntaub ntawv.
Thaum kawg, cov ntaub ntawv cuam tshuam tau luam tawm hauv Phau Ntawv Xov Xwm ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Chemistry A nrog lub npe ntawm "Inverse desert beetle-like ZIF-8}/PAN composite nanofibrous membrane rau kev sib cais ntawm cov roj-hauv-dej emulsions", nrog Li Haoyu raws li thawj tus sau thiab Li Jian ua tus sau sib raug.
Daim ntawv no tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv Phau ntawv Journal ntawm Membrane Science nrog lub npe ntawm "High permeability PEG / MXene @ MOF membrane nrog ruaj khov interlayer spacing thiab npaum fouling tsis kam rau kev nruam oily wastewater purification", nrog Xiang Bin yog thawj tus sau thiab Li Jian raws li tus coj tus sau.
