I. Kev Taw Qhia
Tom qab tshawb nrhiav ntev heev, kuv yeej tsis paub yuav sau dab tsi. Saib rov qab ntawm kuv cov ntawv yav dhau los, kuv pom tau tias kuv tsis tau npog phosphorus, yog li hnub no lub ntsiab lus. Phosphorus yog ib qho kuab paug nyob rau hauv cov dej khib nyiab, feem ntau muab faib ua ob pawg: "organic phosphorus thiab inorganic phosphorus." Cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv kev lag luam tiv thaiv ib puag ncig yog paub zoo txog qhov ntsuas no. Phosphorus zoo li yooj yim, tab sis nws tseem tuaj yeem ua kom yuam kev hauv qee cov dej khib nyiab.
II. Cov qauv thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm phosphorus
Phosphorus muaj nyob rau hauv cov dej khib nyiab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov organic thiab inorganic phosphorus. Inorganic phosphorus ntxiv muab faib ua orthophosphate thiab metaphosphate. Qhov kawg tshem tawm ntawm phosphorus yuav tsum tau hloov mus rau orthophosphate.
Orthophosphate (inorganic phosphorus): xws li PO₄³⁻, HPO₄²⁻. Daim ntawv tshaj plaws, nws muaj qhov zoo solubility thiab tuaj yeem siv ncaj qha los ntawm cov kab mob. Nws tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm ncaj qha los ntawm txoj kev physicochemical.
Metaphosphate (inorganic phosphorus): xws li pyrophosphate, tripolyphosphate (los ntawm detergents), uas maj mam hydrolyzes rau hauv orthophosphate hauv dej.
Organic phosphorus: xws li tshuaj tua kab thiab phosphocreatine. Feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov kuab paug organic thiab yuav tsum xub muab hydrolyzed rau hauv orthophosphate ua ntej lawv tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm zoo.
III. Phosphorus Tshem Tawm Tswv Yim
Txoj kev tshem tawm rau phosphorus feem ntau yog thawj zaug hloov nws mus rau hauv orthophosphate, tom qab ntawd txiav txim siab txog kev tshem tawm lom lossis tshuaj lom neeg. Kev tshem tawm cov phosphorus lom muaj qhov ua tau zoo, feem ntau txwv rau phosphorus hauv cov dej khib nyiab hauv tsev, thiab thaum cov concentration siab dhau lawm, nws yuav tsum tau ntxiv nrog cov tshuaj phosphorus tshem tawm. Kev tshem tawm cov tshuaj phosphorus yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws, tab sis nws tsis tsim nyog siv rau hauv cov txheej txheem activated sludge, vim tias cov tshuaj phosphorus tshem tawm tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob.
Lub hauv paus ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov organic phosphorus rau inorganic phosphorus (orthophosphate) yog cov txheej txheem mineralization, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev rhuav tshem cov organic ua haujlwm, nrog phosphorus raug oxidized rau PO₄³⁻. Cov txheej txheem no tsis muaj ib qho kev sib npaug ruaj khov; Nyob ntawm cov kev mob tshwm sim, nws feem ntau poob rau hauv peb txoj hauv kev hauv qab no:
① Biodegradation (feem ntau): Catalyzed los ntawm phosphatase (xws li alkaline phosphatase), C-O-P lossis C-P bonds ntawm cov organic phosphorus tawg. Noj phosphate monoesters ua piv txwv:
R-O-PO₃²⁻ + H₂O → R-OH + HPO₄²⁻ (or PO₄³⁻)
Cov yam ntxwv: qhov kub thiab txias thiab siab, ntsuab thiab kev lag luam. Cov dej khib nyiab hauv nroog feem ntau tso siab rau txoj kev no, tab sis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog nyob ntawm microbial kev ua si thiab kub.
② Tshuaj oxidation txoj kev (kev kho mob sib sib zog nqus): Ntxiv cov oxidant muaj zog (xws li Fenton's reagent·OH) kom oxidize organophosphates tag. Noj organophosphate tshuaj tua kab (xws li malathion) ua piv txwv:
(C₁₀H₁₉O₆PS₂) + 21·OH → 10CO₂ + 14H₂O + SO₄²⁻ + H₂PO₄⁻
Yam ntxwv: Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ceev ceev thiab cov ntxhia pob zeb zoo. Tsim nyog rau cov dej khib nyiab uas muaj biodegradability tsis zoo, tab sis cov nqi khiav lag luam kuj tseem siab.
③ Siab-Tub kub Incineration (Sludge/Solid Waste): Cua sov nyob rau hauv oxygen- nplua nuj tej yam kev mob ncaj qha hloov cov organic phosphorus mus rau hauv ruaj khov inorganic phosphate residue, feem ntau tsau nyob rau hauv cov tshauv li metaphosphate los yog pyrophosphate. Haum rau siab -concentration phosphorus- muaj cov pov tseg txaus ntshai.
Hauv kev kho dej khib nyiab tiag tiag, feem ntau ntawm "organic phosphorus rau inorganic phosphorus" hloov pauv yog nyob ntawm cov enzyme lom neeg -catalyzed hydrolysis. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ib txwm muaj H₂O, thiab cov khoom kawg yog yuav luag ib txwm orthophosphate (PO₄³⁻ lossis HPO₄²⁻), uas yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej rau kev tshem tawm cov tshuaj phosphorus tom qab (ntxiv cov txhuas / hlau ntsev) kom nag thiab tshem tawm phosphorus.
IV. Biological Phosphorus Tshem Tawm
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus: Siv cov yam ntxwv ntawm polyphosphate- txuam cov kab mob (PAOs) tso phosphorus hauv thaj chaw anaerobic thiab nqus phosphorus ntau dhau hauv thaj chaw aerobic, phosphorus thaum kawg raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev tso phosphorus - nplua nuj sludge
Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb: A²/O (anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic) thiab nws cov variants (xws li oxidation ditches, SBR). Cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem tshem tawm nitrogen thiab phosphorus ib txhij, ua tiav tag nrho phosphorus tshem tawm tus nqi kwv yees li 60%.
Core: Tus nqi- zoo thiab muaj peev xwm kho cov organophosphates (hloov lawv mus rau orthophosphate ua ntej nqus), tab sis tsis muaj kev ruaj ntseg thaum cov dej ntws tawm muaj zog heev (xws li,<0.5 mg/L).
V. Tshuaj tua kab mob Phosphorus
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus: Ntxiv txhuas ntsev (xws li, txhuas sulfate) los yog hlau ntsev (xws li, ferric chloride) reacts nrog phosphate ions los ua insoluble precipitates (xws li, AlPO₄, FePO₄).
Qhov zoo tshaj pH: Aluminium ntsev kwv yees li 6-7, hlau ntsev kwv yees li 5-5.5; ceev faj tswj yog tsim nyog.
Lub tswv yim: Feem ntau ntxiv raws li kev kho mob tob tom qab lub tank kho lom neeg, lossis ntxiv nrog rau nws ntawm lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb kom ntseeg tau tias kev ua raws li dej ruaj khov.
Rau siab -concentration los yog recalcitrant industrial organophosphate wastewater, oxidation siab heev (xws li, Fenton txheej txheem) yog yuav tsum tau pretreatment ntawm upstream kawg; Yog tias tsim nyog, metaphosphate yuav tsum tau hloov mus rau orthophosphate los ntawm kev oxidation siab heev rau kev tshem tawm ntxiv.