I. Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR)
Cov txheej txheem Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR), tseem hu ua cov txheej txheem sib txuas ua haujlwm sludge, muaj ib lossis ntau lub tso tsheb hlau luam SBR. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, cov dej khib nyiab nkag mus rau hauv cov tso tsheb hlau luam hauv cov khoom siv, ua raws tsib theem kev ywj pheej: muaj zog, tshuaj tiv thaiv, sedimentation, effluent, thiab idle. Lub zog thiab cov dej ntws tawm yog tswj los ntawm qib dej, thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab sedimentation yog tswj los ntawm lub sijhawm. Lub sijhawm ntawm ib lub voj voog ua haujlwm txawv nyob ntawm qhov kev thauj khoom thiab cov dej ntws tawm, feem ntau yog li ntawm 4 txog 12 teev, nrog rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau 40%. Qhov zoo ntawm lub tank ntim yog qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov muaj zog ntim thiab qhov xav tau sludge ntim hauv lub voj voog.
Piv nrog rau txoj kev ntws mus tas li, SBR txoj kev muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sai dua, kev kho kom zoo dua qub, thiab muaj zog tiv thaiv kev poob siab. Vim lub siab substrate concentration thiab loj concentration gradient, alternating anoxic thiab aerobic xeev inhibit qhov kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob aerobic ntau dhau, txhawb kev lom nitrogen thiab phosphorus tshem tawm. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub hnub nyoog luv dua sludge tiv thaiv cov kab mob filamentous los ua tus tseem ceeb, yog li txo cov sludge bulking. Piv nrog rau txoj kev ntws mus tas li, cov txheej txheem SBR muaj txoj hauv kev luv dua thiab cov qauv yooj yim dua. Thaum cov dej ntim me me, tsuas yog xav tau ib lub reactor sib quas ntus, tshem tawm qhov kev xav tau ntawm cov sedimentation thiab vaj huam sib luag sib npaug thiab sludge recirculation, uas ua rau cov nqi qis dua.
II. Adsorption-Regeneration (Contact Stabilization) Txoj Kev
Txoj kev no siv tag nrho cov kev tshem tawm thawj zaug ntawm activated sludge. Tsis pub dhau lub sijhawm luv luv (10-40 min), tshem tawm thiab colloidal organic teeb meem hauv cov dej khib nyiab raug tshem tawm los ntawm adsorption. Kua-Kev sib cais ntawm cov khoom sib cais tom qab ntawd ntxuav cov dej khib nyiab, tshem tawm kwv yees li 85% -90% ntawm BOD5. Ntawm cov saturated activated sludge, ib feem uas yuav tsum tau recirculation yog nkag mus rau hauv lub regeneration tank rau ntxiv oxidation thiab decomposition los kho nws cov dej num; cov sludge tshuav yog tawm mus rau hauv sludge kev kho system yam tsis muaj oxidation thiab decomposition ntxiv. Cov txheej txheem no yog ua nyob rau hauv ob lub tank cais (adsorption tank thiab regeneration tank) los yog nyob rau hauv ob seem ntawm tib lub tank. Nws muaj lub peev xwm muaj zog los tiv thaiv kev poob siab thiab tuaj yeem tshem tawm qhov xav tau rau lub tank thawj cov sedimentation. Nws qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb yog kev txuag nyiaj tseem ceeb hauv kev nqis peev hauv vaj tse. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev kho cov dej khib nyiab uas muaj qib siab ntawm cov khoom raug tshem tawm thiab colloidal, xws li cov dej khib nyiab tanning thiab coking dej khib nyiab, thiab muaj cov txheej txheem yooj yim. Txawm li cas los xij, vim lub sij hawm luv luv adsorption, nws txoj kev kho mob tsis zoo li cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj.
III. Oxidation Ditch
Cov oxidation ditch yog ib hom tshwj xeeb ntawm kev nthuav dav aeration. Nws txoj kev npaj zoo ib yam li lub racetrack, nrog ob lub aeration rotating txhuam (diss) ntsia rau hauv kwj dej. Nto aerators, dav hlau aerators, los yog riser- hom aeration li kuj siv. Thaum cov khoom siv aeration ua haujlwm, nws propels cov kwj dej kom ntws sai, ua tiav cov pa oxygen thiab agitation.
Piv nrog rau cov txheej txheem aeration zoo tib yam, oxidation ditches muaj qhov zoo xws li kev nqis peev qis dua, kev saib xyuas yooj yim dua thiab kev tswj hwm, kev kho mob ruaj khov, zoo dua cov dej ntws zoo, tsis muaj sludge ntau lawm, zoo dua nitrogen thiab phosphorus tshem tawm, thiab muaj zog adaptability rau load shocks.
IV. Nruam Cyclic Activated Sludge Process (ICEAS)
Lub ICEAS reactor muaj qhov ua ntej - thaj tsam teb (nyob 10% ntawm lub tank ntim) nyob rau pem hauv ntej. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tank muaj qhov ua ntej - cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cheeb tsam thiab thaj chaw tshuaj tiv thaiv tseem ceeb, ua kom muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis tu ncua thiab cuam tshuam cov dej ntws tawm. Qhov ua ntej - cheeb tsam teb yog feem ntau nyob rau hauv lub xeev anaerobic thiab anoxic, qhov twg cov organic teeb meem yog adsorbed los ntawm activated sludge. Thaj chaw no kuj muaj kev xaiv lom neeg, inhibiting kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob filamentous thiab tiv thaiv sludge bulking. Lub adsorbed organic teeb meem yog oxidized thiab decomposed los ntawm activated sludge nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab tshuaj tiv thaiv cheeb tsam.
Nruam influent daws qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm tus muaj hwj chim thiab tsis sib haum xeeb. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem no muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm sedimentation thiab purification cuam tshuam, nws yooj yim rau sludge bulking, muaj qis sludge load, lub sij hawm ntev cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, yuav tsum muaj cov khoom ntim loj dua, thiab muaj peev txheej ntau dua.
V. Biological Nitrogen thiab Phosphorus Tshem Tawm Txheej Txheem (A/A/O)
Cov dej khib nyiab ua ntej nkag mus rau hauv lub tank anaerobic thiab sib tov nrog cov sludge rov qab. Raws li kev ua ntawm facultative anaerobic fermentation cov kab mob, yooj yim biodegradable loj -molecule organic teeb meem nyob rau hauv cov dej khib nyiab yog hloov mus rau hauv polyphosphate- cov kab mob accumulating (PABs). PABs yog absorbed los ntawm PABs thiab khaws cia rau hauv cov kab mob, nrog rau lub zog xav tau los ntawm decomposition ntawm PAB chains. Tom qab ntawd, cov dej khib nyiab nkag mus rau hauv thaj chaw anoxic, qhov twg cov kab mob denitrifying siv cov organic matrix hauv cov dej khib nyiab kom denitrify NO3- coj los ntawm cov cawv rov qab. Thaum cov dej khib nyiab nkag mus rau hauv lub tank aerobic, qhov concentration ntawm cov organic teeb meem yog tsawg. PABs feem ntau tau txais lub zog los ntawm kev decomposing PABs hauv lawv lub cev rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob. Tib lub sijhawm, lawv nqus cov phosphorus soluble los ntawm ib puag ncig ib puag ncig thiab khaws cia li PAB chains, uas yog tom qab ntawd tawm ntawm lub cev raws li cov sludge ntau dhau. Cov organic teeb meem tsawg concentration nyob rau hauv aerobic cheeb tsam ntawm lub system yog haum rau kev loj hlob ntawm autotrophic nitrifying kab mob nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam no.
Cov organic ua ke ntawm peb qhov chaw ib puag ncig sib txawv -anaerobic, anoxic, thiab aerobic-thiab ntau hom microbial zej zog tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov organic, nitrogen, thiab phosphorus ib txhij. Cov txheej txheem yog yooj yim, nrog lub sijhawm luv hydraulic tuav. SVI feem ntau tsawg dua 100, tiv thaiv sludge bulking. Cov sludge muaj cov ntsiab lus phosphorus siab, feem ntau siab dua 2.5%. Hauv anaerobic-anoxic tank, tsuas yog maj mam nplawm yog xav tau los sib tov cov sludge yam tsis muaj oxygen ntxiv. Lub tank sedimentation yuav tsum zam kom tsis txhob muaj anaerobic -anoxic tej yam kev mob los tiv thaiv polyphosphate- txuam cov kab mob los ntawm kev tso phosphorus, uas yuav txo cov effluent zoo, thiab denitrification los ntawm tsim N2, uas yuav cuam tshuam nrog sedimentation. Cov nyhuv tshem tawm nitrogen cuam tshuam los ntawm cov dej cawv sib xyaw ua ke, thaum cov phosphorus tshem tawm cov nyhuv cuam tshuam los ntawm cov pa oxygen yaj (DO) thiab nitrate oxygen nqa hauv cov sludge rov qab. Yog li ntawd, nws tsis tuaj yeem txhim kho cov nitrogen thiab phosphorus tshem tawm efficiency.
