Taw qhia
Cov neeg nyob hauv kev lag luam xoom- tso tawm thiab cov dej khib nyiab rov qab kev lag luam paub tias rov qab osmosis concentrate yog qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws ntawm tag nrho cov kab ke. Tom qab cov concentration ntawm rov qab osmosis membrane, calcium thiab magnesium hardness, silica, tag nrho salinity, thiab alkalinity yog tag nrho cov multiplied, uas ua rau complex dej muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab ib tug muaj zog nyiam scale. Tsis txaus pretreatment yuav yooj yim ua rau scaling thiab fouling ntawm lub tom ntej no daim nyias nyias system, txo evaporator efficiency, thiab txawv txav ntawm lub crystallization system. Cov txheej txheem dual -alkali, raws li cov thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis rau kev sib sib zog nqus hardness tshem tawm ntawm thim rov qab osmosis mloog zoo, tuaj yeem ua tiav kev tswj hwm ntawm hardness thiab silica. Ua ke nrog txhim kho kev sib cais los ntawm silicon carbide ceramic membranes, nws tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov ruaj khov ntawm cov dej ntws tawm thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm lub cev.
I. Basic Knowledge of Hardness and Characteristics of Reverse Osmosis Concentrate
Tag nrho hardness yog hais txog tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm calcium thiab magnesium ions nyob rau hauv dej, uas yog ib tug tseem ceeb qhia rau kev ntsuam xyuas qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm scaling thiab ua hauj lwm stability ntawm lub membrane system.
Raws li nws muaj pes tsawg leeg, hardness tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg loj: Ib qho yog carbonate hardness, tseem hu ua hardness ib ntus, uas feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm calcium bicarbonate thiab magnesium bicarbonate. Nws tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm los ntawm cua sov thiab boiling kom precipitate thiab tshem tawm cov hardness.
Lwm qhov yog tsis yog -carbonate hardness, tseem hu ua hardness mus tas li, uas muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm sulfates thiab chlorides. Nws tsis tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm los ntawm cua sov thiab yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm kom zoo los ntawm kev siv tshuaj los nag lossis daus, ion txauv, lossis cov txheej txheem membrane.
Nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm rov qab osmosis concentrate, cov yam ntxwv yog pom tseeb: Rov qab osmosis systems muaj ib tug ntxiab thiab enriching nyhuv ntawm ntsev, hardness, thiab silicates. Cov ion concentration ntawm cov concentrates feem ntau yog concentrated 3 mus rau 8 zaug, thiab TDS feem ntau yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 10,000 thiab 60,000 mg / L, mus txog 100,000 mg / L nyob rau hauv kev ua haujlwm siab. Tag nrho cov hardness yog tsis tu ncua khaws cia ntawm 500 mus rau 3,000 mg / L, nrog silica thiab alkalinity kuj yog siab, thiab Langrier saturation Performance index thiab sulfate scaling index tseem ceeb tshaj cov qauv. Qhov teeb meem loj tshaj plaws nrog rau hom dej zoo no yog tias nws yooj yim tsim cov nplais tsis zoo xws li calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, calcium sulfate, thiab silicates, uas ua raws li daim nyias nyias, cov yeeb nkab hauv phab ntsa, thiab cov evaporator heat exchange tube phab ntsa. Qhov no ua rau cov membrane flux poob qis, qhov nce siab ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv, qhov txo qis hauv kev sib pauv cua sov, thiab kev ua kom tsis zoo ntawm cov ntsev ntsev zoo, uas yog qhov mob tseem ceeb txwv qhov ntev - lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm xoom- tso tawm tshuab.
II. Taw qhia rau Dual-Alkali Precipitation Technology
Nyob rau hauv layman cov ntsiab lus, dual -alkali txoj kev yog ib tug tshuaj los nag txheej txheem uas calcium hydroxide thiab sodium carbonate ntxiv nyob rau hauv cov kauj ruam. Nws yog tam sim no feem ntau siv tau thiab kev lag luam pretreatment technology rau thim rov qab osmosis mloog zoo nrog siab hardness, siab silica, thiab siab alkalinity.
1. Txheej Txheem Txheej Txheem
(1) Ntxiv calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) mas pab kho alkalinity, tshem tawm magnesium thiab silica, thiab txo cov bicarbonate alkalinity ntawm cov dej. Magnesium tshem tawm thiab alkalinity txo cov tshuaj sib npaug:
Silicon tshem tawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab zauv (nyob rau hauv siab pH):
Los ntawm kev ntxiv cov txiv qaub los tsa cov dej pH kom siab dua 11.0, magnesium ions raug hloov mus rau hauv magnesium hydroxide precipitate. Ib txhij, yaj silica nyob rau hauv dej yog hloov mus rau hauv silicate ions nyob rau hauv muaj zog alkaline tej yam kev mob, uas ces ua ke nrog calcium thiab magnesium ions nyob rau hauv dej los tsim insoluble calcium silicate thiab magnesium silicate precipitates, ua tau zoo silicon tshem tawm. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, bicarbonate ions yog neutralized, txo cov alkalinity hauv paus thiab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev nyuaj tom ntej thiab silica scaling.
(2) Ntxiv sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃), sodium carbonate feem ntau yog siv los tshem cov calcium ions ntawm cov dej thiab tshem tawm nyuaj-rau- kho tsis yog- carbonate hardness. Calcium hardness tshem tawm cov tshuaj sib npaug:
Los ntawm kev siv kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm carbonate ions thiab calcium ions los tsim calcium carbonate crystal precipitates, residual calcium hardness yog ntxiv, thiab tag nrho cov hardness yog ruaj khov nyob rau hauv ib qho kev pom zoo.
2. Txuj ci zoo thiab kev ua tsis zoo
Cov txheej txheem dual-alkali muaj qhov zoo tseem ceeb: cov khoom siv tau yooj yim, cov nqi khiav lag luam tsawg, thiab muaj peev xwm ua tau loj -scale kev kho mob tas mus li. Nws tuaj yeem ua tiav ib txhij ua kom tawv tawv, txo qis alkali, thiab desiliconization, thiab muaj zog tiv taus siab - ntsev thiab siab -alkali dej zoo cuam tshuam, ua rau nws tsim nyog rau cov xwm txheej hnyav xws li rov qab osmosis concentrate.
Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj dual-alkali txoj kev kuj tseem muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg: calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, thiab silicate flocs tsim nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj qhov loj me me, uas ua rau cov nqi qis qis thiab cov khoom tsis tiav- cov kua sib cais hauv cov pa roj tso tsheb hlau luam; Cov dej turbidity thiab tshem tawm cov khib nyiab yog qhov siab, thiab cov khoom siv lead ua zoo tuaj yeem nkag mus tau yooj yim hauv lub lim dej, tseem ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo loj rau cov dej ntws qis thiab cov evaporator; Ntxiv mus, hardening thiab desiliconization muaj kev sib tw inhibition, ua rau nws nyuaj rau cov txheej txheem sedimentation ib txhij ua kom zoo dua ob qho kev ntsuas.
III. Taw qhia rau Dual-Alkali Method + Silicon Carbide Ceramic Membrane Coupling Txheej Txheem
Txhawm rau daws qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov txheej txheem dual -alkali txoj kev, dual-alkali txoj kev + silicon carbide ceramic ultrafiltration membrane coupling txheej txheem tau tshwm sim, muab kev tiv thaiv dual rau kev saib xyuas ua ntej. Txheej txheem txheej txheem tag nrho:
Tag nrho cov txheej txheem muaj lub laj thawj meej: Lub hauv ntej kawg tso siab rau ob txoj hauv kev -alkali kom ua tiav cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, hloov cov calcium thiab magnesium ions thiab silicides rau hauv cov khoom precipitates; lub nraub qaum kawg tso siab rau ntawm silicon carbide ceramic membrane rau siab -kev ceev ceev, hloov cov tsoos siab -cov dej ntws tawm ceev thiab ntau- cov txheej txheem kev lim dej.
Lub silicon carbide ceramic membrane muaj nanoscale pores, uas tuaj yeem khaws cov calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, silicate micro-flocs, colloids, thiab tshem tawm cov teeb meem, ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau nruj heev ntawm siab - cov ntaub ntawv siab thiab cov khoom siv evaporation crystallization.
Qhov zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem no yog raws li nram no:
1. Kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov thiab txhim khu kev qha: Cov silicon carbide ceramic membrane tiv taus kev ua haujlwm hnyav, tiv thaiv - fouling, thiab tsis yooj yim txhaws. Nws yuav tsum muaj kev tu ncua tsawg, thiab tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj rau kev ua haujlwm ntev - lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, ua kom muaj kev ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua thiab ruaj khov thiab txo qis kev cuam tshuam.
2. Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo Tshaj Plaws: Cov txheej txheem dual -alkali muaj cov nqi reagent tsawg, cov silicon carbide ceramic membrane muaj lub neej ntev thiab tsis tas yuav tsum tau hloov ntau zaus, kev siv dej rov qab yog tsawg, thiab ntev - cov nqi kho mob yog tswj tau.
3. Wide Adaptability: Adaptable rau ntau yam lag luam thiab cov concentration ntawm reverse osmosis concentrate, ua tau raws li ob qho tib si concentrate reuse thiab xoom- tso tawm pretreatment yuav tsum tau.
4. Yooj yim thiab yooj yim-rau-Ua raws: txheej txheem yooj yim, hneev taw me me, tuaj yeem ua ke rau hauv ib chav tsev, ua haujlwm siab, tswj tau yooj yim, thiab tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ruaj khov yam tsis muaj pab pawg tshwj xeeb.
5. Green thiab Environmentally Friendly: Tsawg sludge ntau lawm thiab kev siv dav, tsis muaj kev ua qias tuaj nruab nrab, ua kom pom tseeb kev txhim kho thiab rov siv dua, pab cov lag luam txuag dej thiab txo cov pa phem, thiab ua tiav cov peev txheej rov ua dua tshiab.
Cov txheej txheem alkaline + silicon carbide ceramic ultrafiltration membrane coupling txheej txheem khaws cov kev lag luam kev lag luam thiab kev poob siab qhov zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem dual-alkali, thaum leveraging silicon carbide ceramic membrane los daws qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj. Nws tsis tsuas yog txo cov txheej txheem ntws, txuag chaw, thiab txo cov kev tswj xyuas phau ntawv, tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, nws cuam tshuam tag nrho cov nplai - tsim cov khoom ntawm qhov chaw, ruaj khov tswj cov hardness thiab silicon cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov effluent, txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm scaling thiab fouling nyob rau hauv downstream membrane system thiab evaporator, ncua cov khoom siv thiab kev siv sijhawm ntev. Nws tau dhau los ua cov txheej txheem paub tab thiab nyiam rau xoom- tso tawm pretreatment ntawm rov qab osmosis concentrate.