1. Denitrification Phosphorus Tshem Tawm Mechanism
Cov kab mob siab -acid decompose loj cov organic molecules rau hauv qis-molecular- hnyav fatty acids nyob rau hauv anaerobic tej yam kev mob. DPB (Distilled Bismuth Biota) decomposes polyphosphates nyob rau hauv nws cov hlwb nyob rau hauv anaerobic tej yam kev mob los tsim ATP, absorbing fatty acids ntawm active thauj thiab synthesizing poly ( -hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), thaum tib lub sij hawm tso tawm PO43-. Tom qab sib sau ntau ntawm PHB, DPB nkag mus rau hauv lub xeev anaerobic, siv NO3- ua tus txais hluav taws xob rau PHB oxidation. Nws siv lub degradation ntawm PHB los tsim lub zog thiab muab txo lub zog (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), thiab siv NADH + H + ua tus cab kuj ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thauj mus los tshem tawm cov protons, yog li tsim cov proton-tsav quab yuam. ATPases, polymerizing tshaj PO43- rau hauv polyphosphates Lub ATP tsim los ntawm DPB nyob rau hauv anaerobic tej yam kev mob los ntawm lub electron thauj saw tshaj lub ATP uas ua nyob rau hauv anaerobic tej yam kev mob los ntawm decomposition ntawm polyphosphates nyob rau hauv lub cev yog li ntawd, cov phosphorus absorbed nyob rau hauv anaerobic tej yam kev mob yog ntau tshaj li ntawm phosphorus nyob rau hauv lub cev muaj nuj nqi phosphorus uptake los ntawm cov dej khib nyiab.
2. Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau denitrification thiab phosphorus tshem tawm
2.1 Cov pa roj carbon-rau-Nitrogen Ratio
Raws li ib txwm muaj phosphorus tshem tawm txoj kev xav, muaj cov pa roj carbon monoxide hauv thaj chaw anoxic lossis nitrates hauv thaj chaw anaerobic ua rau muaj kev sib tw ntawm cov kab mob denitrifying thiab DPB rau electron txais nitrate nitrogen los yog rau cov pa roj carbon monoxide, yog li txo qhov kev xaiv zoo ntawm DPB thiab cuam tshuam rau phosphorus tshem tawm efficiency. Qhov no yuav tsum muaj qhov tsim nyog cov pa roj carbon - rau - nitrogen piv nyob rau hauv lub zog. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tshawb fawb los ntawm Ahn J. et al. qhia tau hais tias nyob rau hauv anaerobic/aerobic (A/O) tej yam kev mob, lub sij hawm ntev - acclimation ntawm carbon qhov chaw thiab ib tug me me ntawm nitrates nkag mus rau hauv anaerobic cheeb tsam txhawb DPB enrichment, thiab DPB muaj peev xwm tuav nws anoxic phosphorus uptake peev nyob rau hauv A/O tej yam kev mob. Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm microbiological, muaj ob qhov kev piav qhia: ib qho yog tias DPB ncaj qha siv cov pa roj carbon monoxide hauv cheeb tsam anaerobic los ntawm lub voj voog tricarboxylic acid (TCA); Lwm qhov yog tias DPB oxidizes cov pa roj carbon monoxide thaum lub sijhawm anaerobic los ntawm TCA lub voj voog kom tau txais kev txo lub zog thiab lub zog kom khaws cov polyhydroxyalkanoic acids, thiab muaj sia nyob thaum lub sij hawm aerobic. Tsis muaj lwm cov ntawv tshaj tawm tau tshaj tawm txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev ntawm DPB hauv qhov no.
2.2 Nitrate Dosing Methods
Muaj ob txoj hauv kev ntxiv nitrate hauv thaj chaw anoxic: instantaneous ntxiv thiab txuas ntxiv ntxiv. Nruam ntxiv yog me ntsis zoo dua thiab tseem zam cov tsub zuj zuj ntawm nitrite. Hais txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm lub sijhawm txuas ntxiv ntawm phosphorus uptake rate, Zou Hua et al. qhia tau hais tias phosphorus uptake tus nqi siab dua thaum lub sij hawm ntxiv ntxiv yog 2 teev tshaj li thaum nws yog 3.5 teev. Txawm li cas los xij, tam sim no tsis muaj lus ceeb toom txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm tus nqi ntxiv thiab phosphorus uptake rate. Xav paub ntau ntxiv cov ntaub ntawv muaj nyob rau ntawm Tuam Tshoj Wastewater Treatment Engineering Network.
2.3 TSI
DPB loj hlob qeeb hauv A / A cov xwm txheej dua li hauv A / O cov xwm txheej. luv luv SRT yuav ua rau DPB hauv lub reactor raug tshem tawm, thaum lub sij hawm ntev dhau ntawm SRT yuav ua rau cov sludge rau hnub nyoog thiab cov ntsiab lus phosphorus txo. Merzouki M. tau tshaj tawm tias qhov kev tshem tawm phosphorus efficiency ntawm SBR denitrification phosphorus tshem tawm qhov system yog 1.8 npaug siab dua thaum SRT yog 15 hnub dua li thaum nws yog 7.5 hnub. Rau granular sludge txheej txheem siv rau phosphorus thiab nitrogen tshem tawm, cov sludge qauv yog complex vim nws cov nplua nuj thiab ntau integrated lom zej zog. Yuav ua li cas sib npaug DPB, polyphosphate- khaws cov kab mob, thiab cov kab mob nitrifying los ntawm sludge hnub nyoog tseem tsis paub meej.
2.4 Nitrite
Tam sim no, muaj ob lub tswv yim hais txog seb nitrite inhibits phosphorus uptake, thiab cov kev xav no yog raws li kev tshawb fawb sib txawv. Siv cov sludge uas tsis tau ua tiav denitrification thiab phosphorus tshem tawm acclimation raws li cov kev tshawb fawb, cov txiaj ntsig tau pom zoo tias cov nitrite ntau tshaj qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws inhibit phosphorus uptake. Kev sim los ntawm Wang Ya-yi et al. pom tias phosphorus uptake yog inhibited thaum cov nitrite concentration ntau tshaj 15 mg/L, thaum thwmsim los ntawm Meinhold J. li al. qhia tias qhov tseem ceeb ntawm nitrite concentration yog 5-8 mg / L. Txawm li cas los xij, siv cov sludge uas tau dhau los ua denitrification thiab phosphorus tshem tawm acclimation raws li kev tshawb fawb cov ntsiab lus tau txais txiaj ntsig sib txawv. Hu JY qhov kev sim tau pom tias ntxiv rau qhov pom dav dav polyphosphate- cov kab mob sib txuas (PABs) thiab DPB, ib pawg thib peb ntawm PPBs kuj muaj. Cov PPBs no tuaj yeem siv nitrite ua ib qho khoom siv hluav taws xob rau phosphorus uptake. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kev sim tau pom tias thaum thawj zaug nitrite concentration tsawg dua 115 mg / L, tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj ntawm phosphorus uptake. Cov nitrite concentration nyob rau hauv cov dej khib nyiab hauv tsev kho mob yog pom tseeb nyob deb ntawm qhov tseem ceeb concentration, yog li nws yuav tsis cuam tshuam rau lom phosphorus tshem tawm. Ntau lwm yam cuam tshuam rau denitrification phosphorus tshem tawm, xws li qhov kub thiab txias (DPB tshwj xeeb rau qhov kub thiab txias, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kub qis) thiab cations (Mg2+ thiab K +). Tam sim no, muaj kev tshawb fawb me me ntawm cov yam no, thiab kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm ntau yam ua rau muaj kev nyuaj ntawm kev tshawb fawb.
3. Txoj hauv kev tshiab kom ua tiav qhov kev tshem tawm phosphorus denitrification
Ib txwm raug denitrification phosphorus tshem tawm cov txheej txheem suav nrog: ① Anaerobic/Anoxic thiab Nitrification (A2N) txheej txheem. Cov txheej txheem no yog ob qho -sludge denitrification phosphorus tshem tawm cov txheej txheem uas cov kab mob nitrifying thiab DPB tau cog rau hauv cov kab sib txawv, sib cais cov kab mob nitrifying los ntawm DPB. Cov txheej txheem A2N yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau cov xwm txheej uas tsis tshua muaj carbon thiab nitrogen. ② Cov txheej txheem Dephanox. Thaum cov pa roj carbon zoo thiab cov ntsiab lus nitrogen siab, lub tank aeration yuav tsum tau ntxiv tom qab lub tank anoxic hauv A2N txheej txheem, yog li tsim cov txheej txheem DEPHANOX.
③BCFS txheej txheem. Cov txheej txheem no yog kev hloov kho UCT. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev tsim cov txheej txheem UCT yog ua raws li kev tsim kho engineering ntawm ib puag ncig uas xav tau los ntawm polyphosphate- cov kab mob sib xyaw, thaum kev txhim kho BCFS yog los tsim kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau DPB los ntawm txoj kev xav. Tsis ntev los no, tau muaj kev ua tiav hauv kev tshawb fawb txog kev siv denitrification phosphorus tshem tawm tshuab. Cov chav uas xav tau kev kho dej khib nyiab tuaj yeem sab laj cov tuam txhab nrog cov kev kho dej khib nyiab zoo sib xws ntawm Wastewater Treasure project service platform.
3.1 AOA-SBR method
Cov txheej txheem anaerobic / anoxic / aerobic (A2O) yog ib hom kev tshem tawm nitrogen thiab phosphorus. Nws tsuas yog ua haujlwm los ntawm cov metabolism hauv polyphosphate- khaws cov kab mob, cov kab mob nitrifying, thiab cov kab mob denitrifying. Yog li ntawd, kev ncig ntawm cov kua uas muaj nitrates thiab nitrites yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem no. Tsuneda S. et al. tau npaj cov txheej txheem anaerobic/aerobic/anoxic (AOA) hauv SBR (Tus Kheej-Biochemical Reactor), uas siv tag nrho cov yam ntxwv ntawm DPB (diphosphate polyphosphate) ib txhij tshem tawm nitrogen thiab phosphorus nyob rau hauv anoxic tej yam kev mob thiab tsis muaj cov pa roj carbon. Qhov no tso cai rau denitrification tshwm sim hauv ntu anoxic yam tsis muaj cov pa roj carbon monoxide, tshem tawm qhov xav tau ntawm kev ncig ntawm aerobic thiab anoxic tso tsheb hlau luam, yog li ua tiav ib txhij tshem tawm nitrogen thiab phosphorus hauv ib qho SBR. Cov kev sim no kuj tau pom tias cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm nitrogen thiab phosphorus tshem tawm thaum kho cov dej khib nyiab nrog cov pa roj carbon- rau-nitrogen piv qis dua 10, nrog qhov nruab nrab nitrogen thiab phosphorus tshem tawm tus nqi ntawm 83% thiab 92%, feem. Cov txheej txheem no tsis tsuas yog txhawb nqa DPB tab sis kuj ua rau DPB ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv phosphorus thiab nitrogen tshem tawm. Cov txiaj ntsig kev sim qhia tau hais tias DPB suav txog 44% ntawm tag nrho cov polyphosphate- khaws cov kab mob hauv AOA-SBR txheej txheem, uas yog siab dua li cov qauv A/O-SBR (13%) thiab A2O txheej txheem (21%).
AOA-SBR txheej txheem muaj ob yam tseem ceeb: ① Ib qho tsim nyog ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide tau ntxiv rau thaum pib ntawm aerobic theem kom inhibit aerobic phosphorus uptake. Hauv qhov kev sim no, qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov pa roj carbon ntau ntxiv thaum lub sijhawm aerobic yog 40 mg / L.
② Hauv cov txheej txheem no, nitrite tuaj yeem ua raws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rau phosphorus uptake.
3.2 Granular Sludge txheej txheem
Granular sludge rau nitrogen thiab phosphorus tshem tawm yog tam sim no tseem nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb theem. Piv nrog rau cov txheej txheem sludge, aerobic granular sludge muaj kev daws teeb meem zoo dua, ntau dua biomass concentration, thiab qis sludge noo noo cov ntsiab lus. Nrog rau kev siv cov sludge granular, cov teeb meem uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov pa sludge (xws li sludge bulking, loj hneev taw ntawm kev kho mob, thiab theem nrab phosphorus tso tawm los ntawm clarifiers) tuaj yeem kov yeej. Kev sim los ntawm Dulekgurgen E. et al. pom tias granular sludge muaj ib tug ruaj khov biomass, nrog COD, phosphorus, thiab nitrogen tshem tawm tus nqi ntawm 95%, 99.6%, thiab 71%, feem. Cov txiaj ntsig kev tshawb fawb hauv tsev tau zoo ib yam nrog cov kev tshawb pom no, thiab aerobic granular sludge muaj peev xwm tshem tawm phosphorus thiab denitrification. Vim muaj cov qauv tshwj xeeb ntawm granular sludge thiab muaj cov pa oxygen diffusion gradient, nws muab ib puag ncig rau kev sib koom ua ke ntawm polyphosphate-cov kab mob sib sau, cov kab mob nitrifying, thiab DPB. Ntau cov DPB thiab cov kab mob nitrifying nyob rau hauv granular sludge; kev sim los ntawm Yang Guojing et al. qhia tau tias DPB suav txog 73.1% ntawm tag nrho cov polyphosphate-cov kab mob sib sau ua ke hauv granular sludge. Kev cog qoob loo granular sludge yog qhov nyuaj dua li cog cov sludge zoo tib yam, thiab cov cuam tshuam cuam tshuam yog qhov nyuaj.
Ntxiv rau qhov muaj feem cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo tib yam sludge denitrification thiab phosphorus tshem tawm, granular sludge muaj nws tus kheej cov yam ntxwv cuam tshuam: ① Kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm DO concentration thiab particle loj muaj feem cuam tshuam rau denitrification thiab phosphorus tshem tawm efficiency. Yog hais tias qhov loj me me dhau lawm, cov pa oxygen nkag mus rau qhov muaj zog, cuam tshuam rau kev tsim ntawm thaj chaw anoxic, ua rau tsis muaj peev xwm ua tiav denitrification thiab phosphorus tshem tawm.
② Kev tuav cov nitrogen uas tsim nyog- rau-phosphorus piv yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau cov sludge granulation thiab phosphorus tshem tawm muaj peev xwm. Thaum cov nitrogen-rau-phosphorus piv nce ntawm 2.36 mus rau 4.0, phosphorus tshem tawm tus nqi txo los ntawm 85.0% mus rau 54.1%. ③ Kev sim los ntawm Lin Y-M et al. pom kev sib raug zoo ntawm qhov loj me thiab cov phosphorus -rau -carbon mass ratio. Lub siab phosphorus-rau-carbon huab hwm coj piv tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom me me nrog cov qauv compact dua, yog li txo SVI thiab txhawb kev sib sau ntawm polyphosphate- cov kab mob sib sau.
3.3 Internal Circulation Airlift Sequencing Batch Biofilm Txheej txheem
Cov txheej txheem sab hauv airlift sequencing batch biofilm (SBBR) yog tsim los rau kev sib xyaw phosphorus thiab nitrogen tshem tawm. Kev tshawb fawb los ntawm Zhang ZY et al. qhia tau hais tias lub hauv paus ncig airlift SBBR ua tiav qhov kev tshem tawm cov nitrogen thiab phosphorus ruaj khov. The removal rates of COD, N, and P under optimal packing density and organic load were 95.3%±3.3%, 94.6%±4.1%, and 73.1%±8.3%, respectively. Lub reactor muab faib ua ob thaj chaw los ntawm kev faib tawm - thaj chaw aerobic thiab thaj chaw reflux. Nitrifying kab mob thiab aerobic polyphosphate- cov kab mob sib sau feem ntau pom muaj nyob hauv thaj chaw aerobic, thaum DPB pom nyob hauv thaj chaw reflux. Thaum lub sij hawm anaerobic, DPB nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam reflux thiab polyphosphate- txuam cov kab mob nyob rau hauv aerobic cheeb tsam nqus cov organic substrate; Thaum lub sij hawm aerobic / anoxic, nitrifying kab mob nyob rau hauv aerobic cheeb tsam tsim NO3- thiab NO2- muab electron txais rau DPB phosphorus uptake, yog li tshem tawm nitrogen thiab phosphorus. Kev tshem tawm cov sludge yog ib qho tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau kev tshem tawm phosphorus, uas tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev kho qhov ntom ntawm fiber ntau. Pa SBBRs tsis zoo nitrogen thiab phosphorus tshem tawm efficiency, feem ntau yog vim muaj kev sib tw rau oxygen thiab as-ham ntawm nitrifying kab mob thiab heterotrophic kab mob nyob rau hauv lub biofilm. Piv nrog rau cov pa SBBRs, lub sab hauv kev ncig airlift SBBR zam qhov kev sib tw no; piv rau cov txheej txheem activated sludge, lub reactor no txuag lub zog thiab peev.
4. Outlook
Cov txiaj ntsig ua ntej tau ua tiav hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm denitrification phosphorus tshem tawm thev naus laus zis ob qho tib si hauv tsev thiab thoob ntiaj teb, thiab cov thev naus laus zis tau nce qib los ntawm kev tshawb fawb yooj yim mus rau engineering daim ntawv thov. Tam sim no, peb txoj kev nkag siab ntawm microbial cov qauv hauv zej zog thiab kev ua haujlwm hauv denitrification phosphorus tshem tawm cov tshuab tseem txwv. Cov qauv hauv zej zog microbial sib txawv ntawm cov kab ke sib txawv, thiab cov zej zog microbial nyob rau hauv tib lub cev kuj nyuaj heev. Cov txheej txheem molecular biology tuaj yeem siv los taug qab microbial zej zog kev hloov pauv hauv zej zog thiab txheeb xyuas cov pab pawg ua haujlwm, nthuav tawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm microbial cov qauv hauv zej zog thiab kev ua haujlwm, yog li ua kom muaj kev tswj hwm kev kho mob lom neeg zoo dua. Molecular biology cov tswv yim siv rau hauv kev tshem tawm cov phosphorus lom muaj xws li polymerase saw cov tshuaj tiv thaiv (PCR), txwv tsis pub tawg ntev polymorphism (RFLP), thiab oligonucleotide sojntsuam cov tswv yim. Cov kev tshawb fawb feem ntau xav txog polyphosphate- cov kab mob sib sau ua ke (PABs) los ntawm Rhodocyclus thiab Dechlorimonas pawg ntawm -Proteobacteria. Satoshi T. et al. siv RFLP los kawm txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm polyphosphate- cov kab mob sib sau (DPBs), qhia tias DPBs yog Thaurera mechrnichensis thiab Azoarcus tolulyticus los ntawm pawg Rhodocyclus. Peb yuav tsum ua tib zoo koom ua ke cov microbiology thiab engineering ntawm denitrification phosphorus tshem tawm tshuab. Los ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav microbial thiab ecological kev tshawb fawb, peb tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas thiab txiav txim siab txog qhov ntau thiab cov qauv hauv zej zog ntawm DPBs hauv lub cev, nkag siab txog kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo cuam tshuam rau cov yam ntxwv, kev faib tawm ntawm cov pej xeem, thiab kev faib tawm ntawm PPBs, nitrifying kab mob, thiab DPBs, yog li ua tiav cov khoom siv dag zog ntawm denitrification phosphorus kev tshem tawm cov txheej txheem tshiab thiab kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem kho kom zoo. tshuab.
