Tam sim no, "nitrogen" yog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas tsis tuaj yeem zam hauv kev lag luam dej phwj tuaj. Ntau tus neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov dej phwj tuaj kho cov nroj tsuag tau them nyiaj siab tshaj plaws rau nitrogen, siab tshaj COD thiab phosphorus, vim tias nws qhov kev tshem tawm nyuaj yog qhov siab tshaj plaws. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, lawv saib xyuas cov ntsuas nitrogen txhua hnub: ammonia nitrogen, tag nrho nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, thiab nitrite nitrogen.
Tab sis yog tias dheev nug: Muaj pes tsawg hom nitrogen nyob hauv cov dej phwj tuaj? Lawv txoj kev sib raug zoo yog dab tsi?
Ntau tus neeg tuaj yeem raug coj rov qab rau ib pliag. Cov neeg feem coob tsuas muaj kev nkag siab zoo ntawm "ammonia nitrogen, tag nrho nitrogen", thiab tsis meej txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm lwm hom nitrogen. Sau cov ntsuas nitrogen uas peb tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv kev kho dej phwj tuaj, suav nrog ammonia nitrogen, tag nrho nitrogen, organic nitrogen, inorganic nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, thiab Kjeldahl nitrogen,
Nrog ntau qhov ntsuas nitrogen, kev sib raug zoo ntawm leej twg cuam tshuam nrog leej twg, leej twg cuam tshuam nrog leej twg, thiab leej twg suav nrog leej twg nyuaj. Qhov tseeb, nitrogen tsis yog ib yam khoom yooj yim hauv cov dej khib nyiab, tab sis lub tsev neeg hloov pauv tas li. Yog tias kev kho cov dej phwj tuaj pom raws li kev taug kev, ces cov nitrogen hauv cov dej phwj tuaj kuj tau ntsib "lub neej" ntawm nws tus kheej. Niaj hnub no hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav txheeb xyuas cov kev sib raug zoo uas cuam tshuam nrog.
Cov nitrogen hauv dej phwj tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg
Los ntawm kev faib tawm dav dav, nitrogen hauv dej khib nyiab feem ntau muab faib ua ob pawg:
organic nitrogen
tsis muaj nitrogen
Kev nkag siab txog ob hom nitrogen no yog thawj kauj ruam hauv kev nkag siab txog cov ntaub ntawv nitrogen hauv cov dej khib nyiab.
Cia peb tham txog cov organic nitrogen ua ntej. Yooj yim muab, organic nitrogen yog nitrogen zais hauv cov organic teeb meem
piv txwv
protein ntau
amino acid
urea
organic amine
Peptide compounds
Nitro compounds
Cov khoom no muaj ntau heev hauv cov dej phwj hauv tsev, cov dej khib nyiab, thiab cov dej khib nyiab hauv dej.
Piv txwv li, ib daim ntawm nqaij, ib lub tais ntawm cov mov seem, zaub ntxuav dej, thiab tib neeg excrement tag nrho muaj ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm cov organic nitrogen.
Thiab lwm hom yog: inorganic nitrogen
Muaj peb yam tseem ceeb ntawm inorganic nitrogen hauv dej khib nyiab:
ammonia nitrogen
Nitrogen chiv
Nitrate nitrogen
Peb hom nitrogen no yog cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev kho cov dej phwj tuaj. Ntau zaus, qhov ntsuas peb ntsuas tau nyob nruab nrab ntawm peb hom nitrogen.
Organic nitrogen: lub "primitive form" ntawm nitrogen
Thaum pib nkag mus rau hauv cov dej phwj tuaj kho, feem ntau ntawm cov nitrogen yog cov organic nitrogen.
Vim tias cov dej phwj hauv tsev nws tus kheej tau ntim nrog ntau yam organic tebchaw.
Cov organic nitrogen tebchaw no yuav tsis raug tshem tawm ncaj qha, lawv yuav ua ntej ua cov txheej txheem: ammonification
Yooj yim hais, cov kab mob microorganisms decompose organic teeb meem.
Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm no, cov khoom xws li cov protein thiab cov amino acids tau maj mam degraded, thaum kawg tso cov khoom paub zoo: ammonia nitrogen. Yog li ntawd, hauv kev kho dej phwj tuaj, nws yog ib qho uas pom qhov xwm txheej uas ammonia nitrogen tsis txo qis tab sis hloov zuj zus. Ntau tus neeg ua haujlwm tshiab tshiab yuav ntshai heev thaum lawv pom cov ntaub ntawv no, xav tias lub kaw lus muaj teeb meem. Qhov tseeb, nws tsis tsim nyog, qee zaum nws tsuas yog vim tias cov organic nitrogen hauv lub cev raug decomposed.
Hauv lwm lo lus, cov organic nitrogen hloov mus rau ammonia nitrogen. ,
Ammonia nitrogen (NH ∝ - N): qhov taw qhia paub tshaj plaws rau cov chaw kho dej phwj tuaj
Yog hais tias nitrogen nyob rau hauv dej phwj muaj "protagonist", nws yuav tsum yog ammonia nitrogen. Vim tias yuav luag txhua qhov chaw kho dej phwj yuav tsom rau qhov ntsuas no. Muaj ob qho laj thawj vim li cas ammonia nitrogen tseem ceeb.
Ib qho laj thawj yog tias nws muaj feem cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig. Tom qab nkag mus rau hauv dej, ammonia nitrogen siv ntau cov pa oxygen yaj thiab tuaj yeem ua rau cov ntses.
Lwm qhov laj thawj yog tias ammonia nitrogen yog qhov pib ntawm denitrification cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Hauv kev kho kab mob lom, ammonia nitrogen yog siv los ntawm ib hom kab mob tshwj xeeb hu ua nitrifying bacteria
Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej aerobic, cov kab mob nitrifying yuav maj mam oxidize ammonia nitrogen. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem no tsis ua tiav hauv ib kauj ruam. Tab sis nws yog ob - cov txheej txheem.
Nitrite nitrogen (NO ₂⁻ - N): "qhov chaw nruab nrab" hauv kev denitrification
Thawj cov khoom ntawm ammonia nitrogen oxidation yog nitrite nitrogen, uas yog qhov tseeb tsis ruaj khov hauv ntau cov dej khib nyiab. Vim tias ib zaug tsim, nws feem ntau txuas ntxiv oxidize sai.
Tab sis qee zaum, nitrite nitrogen tuaj yeem nce ntxiv.
piv txwv
Cov txheej txheem nitrification raug cuam tshuam
Cov pa oxygen tsis txaus
kub hloov
Tsis ruaj tsis khov sludge hnub nyoog
Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, nitrite nitrogen tuaj yeem khaws cia hauv lub cev.
Nitrite nitrogen muaj cov yam ntxwv: nws muaj tshuaj lom ntau dua li ammonia nitrogen.
Yog tias qhov concentration siab dhau lawm, nws yuav tsis tsuas cuam tshuam rau cov kab mob, tab sis kuj muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov dej ntws zoo.
Yog li ntau tus neeg ua haujlwm xav tias ntshai thaum lawv pom qhov nce ntawm nitrite nitrogen.
Nitrate nitrogen (NO ∝⁻ - N): cov kauj ruam kawg ntawm denitrification
Hauv theem ob ntawm nitrification cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, nitrite nitrogen yuav txuas ntxiv mus rau oxidized.
Qhov kawg tsim: nitrate nitrogen
Cov txheej txheem no tseem xav tau cov pa oxygen thiab kev koom tes ntawm lwm hom kab mob.
Thaum lub kaw lus khiav ruaj khov, feem ntau ntawm ammonia nitrogen yuav kawg tig mus rau nitrate nitrogen.
Tab sis qhov teeb meem tseem tsis tau tiav. Yog tias nws nres ntawm no, nitrogen tseem yuav nyob hauv dej.
Yog li ntawd, cov chaw kho dej phwj tseem xav tau ib kauj ruam ntxiv: denitrification.
Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej hypoxic, denitrifying cov kab mob maj mam txo nitrate nitrogen.
Thaum kawg tsim cov roj: nitrogen
Nitrogen yuav raug tso tawm ntawm dej thiab rov qab mus rau saum huab cua.
Lub sijhawm no, nitrogen yog tshem tawm tiag tiag.
Tag nrho cov nitrogen (TN) yog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov tsev neeg nitrogen
Hauv kev saib xyuas online ua ntej kev kho dej phwj tuaj, tag nrho cov kev saib xyuas nitrogen tam sim no yog ib yam khoom ruaj khov uas tsis tuaj yeem raug xob laim, qhia txog nws qhov tseem ceeb. Ntau tus neeg yuav hnov me ntsis paub daws teeb thaum lawv xub ntsib qhov ntsuas no. Nws yog qhov ua tau yooj yim to taub. Tag nrho cov nitrogen yog cov lej ntawm txhua hom nitrogen:
organic nitrogen
ammonia nitrogen
Nitrogen chiv
Nitrate nitrogen
Lawv ua ke tsim tag nrho cov ntsiab lus nitrogen hauv dej. Qee zaum ammonia nitrogen nyob rau hauv ib qho system twb tsawg heev, tab sis tag nrho cov nitrogen tseem siab.
Qhov laj thawj feem ntau yog tias nitrate nitrogen tsis tau raug tshem tawm ntxiv. Qhov no kuj yog vim li cas vim li cas ntau cov chaw kho dej phwj yuav tsum tau nruab denitrification systems.
Los ntawm Organic Nitrogen rau Nitrogen: Ib Txoj Kev Ua tiav
Yog hais tias tus txheej txheem ntawm nitrogen hloov nyob rau hauv cov kav dej yog npaj raws li ib txoj kev, nws yuav roughly raws li nram no:
Txoj kev no yog qhov peb feem ntau xa mus rau cov txheej txheem biological denitrification.
Zoo li ib txoj hauv kev yooj yim, qab nws yog ib txoj haujlwm nyuaj ua tiav los ntawm suav tsis txheeb cov kab mob ua haujlwm ua ke.
Txhua theem xav tau ib puag ncig tsim nyog.
yaj oxygen
kub
carbon qhov chaw
Sludge age
Cov xwm txheej no yuav cuam tshuam rau qhov no 'kev taug kev nitrogen'.
Hauv kev xaus
Hauv kev kho dej phwj tuaj, "nitrogen" tsis yog qhov qhia tau yooj yim. Nws zoo li cov saw hlau hloov tas li.
Los ntawm nitrogen nyob rau hauv cov organic teeb meem, mus rau ammonia nitrogen, ces mus rau nitrate nitrogen, thiab thaum kawg mus rau nitrogen gas rov qab mus rau saum huab cua.
Tag nrho cov txheej txheem yog qhov tseeb ntawm microbial dominated voj voog.
Thaum peb nkag siab tiag tiag cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv ntawm nitrogen, nws yooj yim los nkag siab ntau yam tshwm sim hauv cov kav dej phwj tuaj.
piv txwv
Yog vim li cas ammonia nitrogen dheev nce
Yog vim li cas nitrite accumulates
Vim li cas tag nrho nitrogen ib txwm nyuaj kom ua tau raws li tus qauv
Cov lus teb rau ntau qhov teeb meem ua haujlwm tau muab zais hauv cov 'nitrogen hloov'.