Hauv cov txheej txheem dej membrane (xws li ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF), thiab thim rov qab osmosis (RO), cov pa roj carbon activated feem ntau tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb desalination lossis sterilization tivthaiv, tab sis nws plays lub luag haujlwm tsis tuaj yeem hloov tau raws li qhov tseem ceeb "pre-filter" thiab "tiv thaiv." Nws cov ntawv thov yog raws li nram no:
1. Kev tshem tawm tag nrho cov tshuaj chlorine seem
Rov qab osmosis thiab nanofiltration polyamide daim nyias nyias yog rhiab heev rau oxidants. Txawm hais tias muaj cov tshuaj chlorine residual tsawg li 0.1 ppm (mg / L) hauv cov dej pub, kev sib cuag ntev tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm cov membrane tawg, feem ntau ua rau txo qis hauv cov desalination tus nqi ntawm daim nyias nyias hauv cov xuab moos mus rau hnub. Cov lim dej ua kom cov pa roj carbon activated tuaj yeem txo cov tshuaj chlorine seem mus rau qib kev nyab xeeb hauv qab no<0.01 ppm through efficient surface reduction reactions, completely eliminating its oxidative threat to the membrane.
Raws li txoj cai, 1 gram ntawm siab - zoo activated carbon tuaj yeem tshem tawm kwv yees li 1 gram ntawm cov tshuaj chlorine. Hauv kev tsim kho vaj tsev, lub sijhawm sib cuag lub txaj txaus (EBCT) yuav tsum tau tsim raws li cov tshuaj chlorine seem thiab cov dej ntws ntawm cov dej pub.
2. Ua tau zoo adsorption ntawm Organic Matter, txo Membrane Fouling
Cov pa roj carbon activated muaj thaj tsam loj, feem ntau ntawm 700-1500 m² / g. Qhov no tso cai rau nws kom zoo adsorb tej yam ntuj tso organic teeb meem (NOM) nyob rau hauv dej, txo tus nqi UV254 (tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov organic teeb meem uas muaj conjugated ob daim ntawv cog lus thiab benzene rings) ntawm cov dej pub los ntawm 60% -90% thiab tshem tawm tag nrho cov organic carbon (TOC) los ntawm 20% -50%. Qhov no ncaj qha txo cov colloidal thiab organic loads uas ua rau cov membrane fouling.
Txhim kho Fouling Index: Los ntawm kev tshem tawm cov organic teeb meem zoo, activated carbon pretreatment txo cov nqi tom ntej SDI (Soil Density Index), muab cov dej uas tsim nyog rau rov qab osmosis membranes (SDI15 <5, zoo tagnrho tus nqi <3).
3. Cov nyhuv ntawm Biologically Activated Carbon (BAC)
Under suitable temperature (>15 degree) thiab cov khoom noj khoom haus, cov lim dej lim dej lom neeg tuaj yeem ua tiav ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) tshem tawm cov nqi siab tshaj 80% thiab biodegradable yaj organic carbon (BDOC) tshem tawm cov nqi nce mus txog 50% -70%, ho siab dua li 20% -40% ua tiav los ntawm lub cev yooj yim adsorption.
Kev ceev faj thiab cov ntsiab lus ua haujlwm:
1. Kev xaiv thiab cov kev txwv ntawm cov pa roj carbon activated:
Txiv maj phaub Plhaub Activated Carbon: Muaj cov khoom zoo heev -tsim micropores (qhov pore loj<2nm), with iodine adsorption values typically >1000 mg/g. Nws nthuav tawm sai sai adsorption ceev thiab muaj peev xwm siab rau cov chlorine residual thiab me me -molecule organic teeb meem.
Coal-Based Activated Carbon: Muaj ob qho tib si micropores thiab mesopores (pore loj 2-50nm). Methylene xiav adsorption qhov tseem ceeb tuaj yeem ncav cuag 150-250mg / g, muab cov txiaj ntsig tshem tawm zoo dua rau cov organic molecules loj (xws li humic acid) thiab xim hauv dej.
Thaum yuav khoom, ntxiv rau tus nqi iodine thiab methylene xiav tus nqi, kuj yuav tsum tau them nyiaj rau lub zog ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 95% (kom txo tau qhov tawg thiab pulverization thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm) thiab cov ntsiab lus noo noo tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 8%.
2. Tiv thaiv Activated Carbon Powder Leakage:
Tshiab Activated Carbon Flushing: Tshiab loaded activated carbon yuav tsum undergo ob qho tib si rau pem hauv ntej thiab backwashing. Flushing lub sij hawm feem ntau yuav tsum tau 1-2 teev los yog ntev dua kom txog rau thaum cov dej turbidity yog<1.0 NTU.
Kev ruaj ntseg lim: 5μm precision kev ruaj ntseg lim yuav tsum tau muab ntsia tom qab, kom ntseeg tau tias lub siab sib txawv nce tus nqi. Yog hais tias lub lim dej hloov dub sai heev, nws qhia tau hais tias cov pa roj carbon activated hnyav heev.
3. Microbial Loj hlob thiab Tswj:
Cov lim dej uas tsis muaj kev tswj xyuas cov pa roj carbon monoxide tuaj yeem muaj cov kab mob effluent suav 1-2 qhov kev txiav txim siab (10 mus rau 100 npaug) siab dua qhov muaj zog.
Kev Siv Tshuaj Txhuam Hniav: Nws raug nquahu kom yaug nrog dej kub ntawm ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 80℃rau tsawg kawg 30 feeb txhua 1-3 lub hlis, lossis siv cov kab mob uas tsis yog oxidizing (xws li DBNPA) rau kev txhaj tshuaj poob siab.
Kev Tsim Kho Kom Zoo: Txhawm rau zam kom tsis txhob ntev - lub sijhawm khaws cov kab mob microbial, tus qauv tsim yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias cov pa roj carbon lim dej ua haujlwm tau zoo dua lossis sib npaug li 10% ncua sij hawm rov qab los yog ua haujlwm tom ntej txhua hnub.
4. Adsorption Saturation thiab Hloov Cycle
Qhov Ntsuas Ntsuas Qhov Ntsuas: Cov tshuaj chlorine nyob hauv cov pa roj carbon activated yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tsis tu ncua lossis tsawg kawg txhua hnub kom ntseeg tau tias nws tseem nyob ntawm 0 mg / L. Yog tias pom muaj cov tshuaj chlorine, yuav tsum tau tshawb xyuas tam sim lossis hloov pauv.
Hloov Cycle Estimation: Lub voj voog hloov (T) tuaj yeem kwv yees ua ntej siv cov qauv hauv qab no: T (teev)=[Activated Carbon Loading Amount (kg) × Unit Adsorption Capacity (mg Cl₂/g carbon)] / [Influent Flow Rate (m³/h] Chlor) × Console
Qhov twg, chav tsev adsorption muaj peev xwm raug coj los ua 10-15 mg Cl₂ / g carbon (conservative design value).
Piv txwv li: Ib lub lim dej uas muaj 500 kg ntawm cov pa roj carbon activated, kho cov tshuaj muaj zog nrog cov tshuaj chlorine seem ntawm 1.5 mg / L thiab tus nqi ntws ntawm 50 m³ / h, muaj cov tshuaj chlorine tuav lub sijhawm kwv yees li ntawm (500 × 1000 × 10) / (50 × 1.5) 6 ≈ 6 hnub. Qhov no tsuas yog lub sijhawm khaws cov tshuaj chlorine xwb; xav txog cov organic teeb meem adsorption, lub voj voog hloov tiag tiag feem ntau yog teem rau ntawm 6 mus rau 24 lub hlis, thiab yuav tsum ua raws li cov ntaub ntawv soj ntsuam tiag tiag.
5. Hydraulic tswj thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo
Empty Bed Contact Time (EBCT) yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim qauv. Rau kev tshem tawm cov tshuaj chlorine thiab cov organic, EBCT feem ntau yog tsim los ua 10-15 feeb.
Backwash Flow Rate: 12-15 m³ / (m²·h) (ie, 12-15 m / h), kav 10-15 feeb.
Kev siv lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws: Yog tias siv cov cua sib xyaw ua ke- dej rov qab siv, qhov siv huab cua yog kwv yees li 50-60 m³ / (m²·h).
Backwashing feem ntau ua txhua 24-48 teev, lossis thaum qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov nkag siab nce los ntawm 0.5-1.0 bar.