Vim tias cov dej muaj kuab paug hauv ntau cov nroj tsuag dej hauv xyoo tas los no, ntau cov nroj tsuag dej tau ua tiav kev kho mob sib sib zog nqus thiab ntxiv cov poov tshuaj permanganate lossis permanganate cov neeg ua haujlwm ua ntej oxidize cov dej nyoos los kho cov organic teeb meem hauv cov dej nyoos. Txij li thaum lub mechanism ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm poov tshuaj permanganate thiab poov tshuaj permanganate nyob rau hauv kev kho mob dej feem ntau koom nrog nws muaj zog oxidizing khoom, nws muaj peev xwm tshem tawm ntau yam kuab paug nyob rau hauv dej. Cia kuv piav qhia meej txog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua ntawm poov tshuaj permanganate thiab poov tshuaj permanganate hauv kev kho dej:
1. Kev tshuaj xyuas lub luag haujlwm ntawm potassium permanganate
Oxidation: Potassium permanganate yog cov oxidant muaj zog uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov organic thiab inorganic teeb meem hauv dej. Cov pa phem no suav nrog tab sis tsis txwv rau hlau, manganese, hydrogen sulfide, thiab lwm yam. Los ntawm oxidation, poov tshuaj permanganate tuaj yeem oxidize cov insoluble divalent hlau ions mus rau trivalent hlau ions, tsim insoluble hlau hydroxide precipitates, uas yuav lim thiab tshem tawm. Ib yam li ntawd, nws tseem tuaj yeem oxidize cov divalent manganese ions hauv dej rau hauv tetravalent manganese ions, tsim insoluble manganese dioxide precipitates, ntxiv purifying dej zoo.
2. Kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam thiab tshuaj tua kab mob: Potassium permanganate muaj qhov dav dav ntawm cov kab mob bactericidal thiab tuaj yeem tua cov kab mob, kab mob thiab lwm yam kab mob hauv dej. Qhov no yog vim hais tias poov tshuaj permanganate tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cov qauv ntawm cov kab mob microbial cell, ua rau poob ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm tes thiab kev tuag ntawm cov kab mob. Yog li ntawd, hauv kev kho dej, poov tshuaj permanganate feem ntau yog siv los ua cov tshuaj tua kab mob kom ntseeg tau cov dej zoo.
3. Decolorization thiab deodorization: Potassium permanganate tuaj yeem oxidize thiab decolorize qee yam xim xim hauv dej los txhim kho xim thiab pob tshab ntawm cov dej zoo. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom tsim tawm kom tshem tawm cov ntxhiab tsw phem hauv dej thiab txhim kho qhov hnov qab ntawm cov dej zoo.
Hauv cov ntsiab lus, poov tshuaj permanganate plays ntau lub luag haujlwm hauv kev kho dej, txhim kho kev nyab xeeb thiab purity ntawm dej zoo los ntawm ntau lub tshuab xws li oxidation, sterilization, decolorization, deodorization thiab coagulation. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias qhov nyiaj ntawm poov tshuaj permanganate siv yuav tsum tau tswj nruj me ntsis kom tsis txhob siv ntau dhau ua rau muaj teeb meem dej tsis zoo lossis muaj peev xwm txaus ntshai rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv.
2. Kev tshuaj xyuas lub luag haujlwm ntawm permanganate
Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua ntawm permanganate hauv kev kho dej feem ntau yog nyob ntawm nws cov khoom muaj zog oxidizing. Cov hauv qab no yog cov lus piav qhia ntxaws:
1. Oxidation: Permanganate yog ib qho muaj zog oxidant uas tuaj yeem oxidize organic thiab inorganic teeb meem hauv dej. Nws oxidizes cov pa phem los ntawm kev muab cov pa oxygen atoms, yog li hloov lawv mus rau hauv cov khoom tsis muaj teeb meem lossis tshem tau yooj yim. Piv txwv li, permanganate tuaj yeem oxidize hlau ions xws li hlau thiab manganese hauv dej los tsim cov dej tsis sib haum, uas tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev pom lossis nag lossis daus.
2. Disinfection: Permanganate kuj muaj qee yam tshuaj tua kab mob. Nws tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cov qauv ntawm tes ntawm cov kab mob hauv dej, ua rau cov kab mob tuag taus, yog li tua cov kab mob, kab mob thiab lwm yam kab mob hauv dej. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob no tseem ceeb heev rau kev ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov dej haus.
3. Deodorization: Permanganate kuj tseem siv tau los tshem tawm cov ntxhiab thiab ua kom tsis muaj xim hauv dej. Vim nws cov khoom muaj zog oxidizing, permanganate tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov organic teeb meem hauv dej thiab oxidize nws mus rau hauv cov xim tsis muaj xim thiab tsis muaj ntxhiab, yog li txhim kho cov dej zoo thiab saj.
Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias txawm hais tias permanganate muaj ntau txoj haujlwm hauv kev kho dej, kev siv ntau dhau tuaj yeem cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Yog li ntawd, thaum siv cov poov tshuaj permanganate rau kev kho dej, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tswj hwm nws cov koob tshuaj thiab cov xwm txheej ntawm kev siv kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab kev nyiam huv ntawm dej. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau saib xyuas cov ntsuas dej tsis tu ncua thiab kho cov tshuaj thiab kev kho mob ntawm poov tshuaj permanganate raws sijhawm.
Hauv cov ntsiab lus, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm ob qho tib si hauv kev kho dej zoo sib xws. Qhov txawv tsuas yog tias poov tshuaj permanganate thiab sodium permanganate yog ob qho tib si tshuaj lom neeg raws li "Catalogue of Hazardous Chemicals" (2015 tsab). Tus neeg sawv cev yuav tsum ua raws li cov cai tswj kev nyab xeeb uas cuam tshuam thaum lub sijhawm khaws cia, kev thauj mus los thiab siv los tiv thaiv kev sib tsoo. Txij li thaum cov concentration ntawm permanganate tsis ua raws li cov xwm txheej ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj kev phom sij, nws tsis tas yuav tsum tau sau npe thiab khaws cia thiab thauj mus rau kev nyab xeeb. Yog li ntawd, kev siv cov poov tshuaj permanganate maj mam hloov pauv hauv kev kho dej hauv khw.