Kev Taw Qhia Thaum muab cov dej pov tseg, me me -tej coagulation thiab sedimentation thwmsim yog tsim nyog. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm floc ntab thaum cov kev sim no yog ib qho teeb meem tab sis tsim nyog los txheeb xyuas qhov tob. Qhov no feem ntau qhia tau hais tias ib lossis ntau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem sim xav tau kev hloov kho.
Lub ntsiab yog vim li cas rau floc floating es tsis txhob sinking yog hais tias lub floc ceev yog tsawg tshaj li dej los yog hais tias nws yog txhawb los ntawm sab nraud rog xws li huab cua npuas. Peb tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas thiab daws qhov teeb meem no los ntawm cov hauv qab no:
I. Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov laj thawj tseem ceeb thiab kev daws teeb meem
1. PAC (Polyaluminium Chloride) Cov Teeb Meem Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv
Ua rau:
- Kev Siv Tsis Txaus: Cov txhuas hydroxide colloid tsim los ntawm hydrolysis tsis txaus los ua kom tag nrho cov nqi ntawm colloidal hais nyob rau hauv dej, tsis ua rau loj thiab ntom flocs.
- Kev noj ntau dhau: PAC ntau dhau yuav ua rau cov nqi ntawm cov khoom colloidal thim rov qab (los ntawm qhov tsis zoo mus rau qhov zoo), ua rau kom rov ua kom cov colloid thiab nyuaj rau kev sib sau. Ib txhij, ntau dhau ntawm txhuas ntsev hydrolysis yuav haus alkalinity, uas yuav ua rau cov dej acidic, thiab cov generated aluminium hydroxide colloid yuav dhau heev lawm.
Kev daws:
- Ua cov kev sim beaker los txiav txim siab qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Feem ntau, pib nrog 50 mg / L thiab maj mam nce (piv txwv li, 50, 100, 150, 200 mg / L), soj ntsuam floc tsim thiab sedimentation.
- Xyuas seb cov tshuaj PAC puas tas sij hawm (piv txwv li, vim lub sij hawm npaj ntau dhau los lossis dej nag lossis dej nag). Freshly npaj tov yog pom zoo.
2. PAM (Polyacrylamide) Dosing Issues
Ua rau:
- Rau cov dej khib nyiab dav dav, cationic PAM yuav tsum tau siv vim tias cov khoom siv colloidal feem ntau tsis zoo.
- Yog tias anionic PAM siv yuam kev, nws yuav ua rau cov khoom tsis zoo, ua rau kev sib txuas nyuaj.
- Yog tias tsis yog PAM siv tsis raug, kev them nyiaj tsis sib haum yuav ua rau cov txiaj ntsig tsis zoo.
- Kev noj tshuaj tsis raug: PAC yuav tsum tau ntxiv ua ntej rau kev sib xyaw sai thiab tsis muaj zog. Tom qab ib ntus ntawm kwv yees li 1-2 feeb, PAM yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau kev sib xyaw qeeb thiab kev pab cuam coagulation. Rov qab qhov kev txiav txim los yog luv luv ib ntus yuav txo tau qhov ua tau zoo.
- Kev siv ntau dhau: PAM yog siab -molecular- hnyav polymer. Kev siv ntau dhau tuaj yeem tsim qhov "wrap-up", ua rau cov flocs xoob, nrog cov dej siab thiab qhov ntom ntom, yog li ua rau lawv ntab. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau yuav ua rau floc floating.
- Kev xaiv PAM tsis raug:
- PAM concentration siab dhau los yog tsis txaus dissolution: Qhov no ua rau tsis sib xws hauv cov dej khib nyiab, thaj chaw ntau dhau, thiab tsim cov "clumps" uas ntab.
Kev daws:
- Ua raws li qhov kev txiav txim ntawm "PAC ua ntej, tom qab ntawd PAM," thiab tswj lub sijhawm kom zoo.
- Ua cov kev ntsuam xyuas nrog qhov txo qis PAM ntau npaum li cas. Qhov ntau npaum ntawm PAM feem ntau yog me me, tej zaum 1-5 mg / L lossis qis dua. Sim pib nrog 0.5 mg / L thiab maj mam nce.
- Paub meej tias cationic PAM raug siv. Tham nrog tus neeg muag khoom lossis xa mus rau cov lus qhia khoom.
- Cov tshuaj PAM yuav tsum tau nplawm kom huv si thiab yaj (feem ntau yuav tsum tau 40-60 feeb). Qhov pom zoo concentration yog 0.1% -0.3% (qhov ib txhiab mus rau peb feem ntawm ib txhiab).
3. Cov yam ntxwv zoo ntawm cov dej khib nyiab
Ua rau:
- High levels of oil or organic matter in the water: These substances have low density and, when encapsulated by flocs, reduce the overall density.
- Cov ntsev ntau dhau los yog cov ntsiab lus surfactant: Qhov no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau hydrolysis thiab tsub nqi neutralization los ntawm cov reagent.
- Ntau cov organic load hauv dej: Qhov no ua rau "nplaum" flocs uas encapsulate cua npuas.
Kev daws:
- Yog tias ua tau, nkag siab txog qhov chaw thiab cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov dej khib nyiab.
- Sim kho tus nqi pH. Qhov zoo tshaj pH ntau rau PAC feem ntau yog 6.5-7.5. Tsawg lossis siab dhau pH yuav cuam tshuam rau morphology ntawm nws cov khoom siv hydrolysis. Kho cov pH nrog NaOH los yog dilute acid thiab sim dua.
- Xav txog seb qhov kev kho mob ua ntej (xws li kev sib cais roj) yog qhov tsim nyog.
4. Kev sim ua haujlwm thiab Hydraulic tej yam kev mob
Ua rau:
- PAC dosing theem: Yuav tsum tau sib tov sai thiab muaj zog (piv txwv li, 250-300 rpm, 30-60 vib nas this) kom ntseeg tau tias tam sim no thiab zoo dispersion ntawm cov reagent.
- PAM Ntxiv theem: qeeb, maj mam sib tov yog yuav tsum tau (piv txwv li, 40-60 rpm, 10-20 feeb) los txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm floc yam tsis ua rau lawv tawg.
- Kev sib xyaw ua haujlwm tsis zoo thiab lub sijhawm:
- Huab Cua Qhia Thaum Ntxov: Kev sib xyaw ua ke tsis zoo lossis qhov kev tso tawm tsis zoo tuaj yeem ua kom pom huab cua ntau rau hauv dej, tsim cov microbubbles uas ua raws li cov flocs thiab ua rau lawv ntab.
- Lub sij hawm tsis txaus: Cov flocs tsis tau ua kom tag nrho thiab sib haum.
- Cov Dej Kub Kub: Thaum cov dej kub qis dua 10 degree, qhov hydrolysis thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv qis qis, ua rau me me, xoob flocs.
Kev daws:
- nruj me ntsis tswj ob - theem sib xyaw txheej txheem thiab kev siv zog.
- Xyuas qhov agitator qhov tob kom tsis txhob tsim cov eddies ntawm cov kua nto uas qhia cov huab cua.
- Cia lub sij hawm daws teeb meem txaus (xws li 30 feeb) thiab ua tib zoo saib cov kev hloov pauv thoob plaws hauv cov txheej txheem.
II. Summary of Quick Troubleshooting Steps
1.Txo qhov ntau npaum li cas: txo qhov nyiaj ntawm PAM ntxiv; qhov no yog qhov feem ntau yuav thiab yooj yim hloov pauv hloov.
2.Check Sequence: Paub meej tias cov koob txhaj tshuaj raws li PAC → (nqus nplawm rau 1-2 feeb) → PAM → (slow stirring).
3.Validate cov reagents:
- Npaj cov dej khib nyiab simulated siv cov dej huv thiab cov av nplaum txheem (piv txwv li, kaolin) los ntsuas qhov ua tau zoo ntawm PAC / PAM thiab txiav txim siab txog cov teeb meem reagent inactivation.
- Paub meej hom PAM.
4.Optimize tus txheej txheem:
- Ua ib qho kev xeem lub raj mis, kuaj cov PAC sib txawv ntau npaum li cas (nrog rau ib qho me me ntawm PAM) thiab sib txawv PAM ntau npaum li cas (nrog rau qhov pom zoo PAC ntau npaum li cas) hauv ntau lub beakers.
- Xyuas thiab kho qhov ceev thiab lub sij hawm ntawm ceev thiab qeeb stirring.
5.Saib cov ntsiab lus:
- Puas yog floc ntab tshwm sim thaum nplawm lossis tom qab teeb tsa? Floating thaum nplawm yog feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog huab cua npuas, thaum ntab tom qab teeb tsa feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog flocs ua lub teeb dhau.
- Saib xyuas floc morphology: Puas yog huab cua loj thiab fluffy -zoo li (tejzaum nws yog vim PAM ntau dhau) lossis me me thiab turbid (tsis txaus PAC lossis tsis txaus sib xyaw)?