Kev kho cov kab mob lom yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho cov dej khib nyiab, thiab kev ua npuas ncauj txawv txav yog ib qho teeb meem tshwm sim thaum ua haujlwm. Ua npuas ncauj ntau dhau tsis tsuas yog txo cov kev ua haujlwm aeration, ua rau sludge poob, thiab deteriorates effluent zoo, tab sis kuj overflows rau hauv lub tank, corroding cov cuab yeej thiab emitting odors uas cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig ib puag ncig. Kev tsim ua npuas ncauj yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov sib txuas ntawm peb yam: "nto active tshuaj nyob rau hauv dej + txaus cua qhov chaw + ruaj khov npuas qauv." Qhov ua rau ntawm foaming txawv heev nyob rau hauv ntau theem, yuav tsum tau tsom ntsuas.
I. Cov theem tseem ceeb ntawm Kev Tsim Nyog Ua Npuas Ncauj thiab cov hauv paus ntsiab lus hauv kev kho mob lom
(I) Pretreatment Theem (Influent Lift Pump Station, Primary Sedimentation Tank Outlet)
Qhov no yog theem uas ua npuas ncauj thawj zaug tshwm nyob rau hauv lub system. Nws feem ntau tsis yog-biochemical ua npuas ncauj, uas yog xim dawb, xoob, tawg yooj yim, thiab tsis muaj qhov pom tseeb.
Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb yog qhov muaj cov exogenous surfactants nyob rau hauv lub influent: Ua ntej, muaj ntau ntau ntawm hluavtaws surfactants xws li detergents, da dej gels, thiab ntxhua khaub ncaws kua hauv tsev dej phwj. Cov tshuaj no muaj ib qho kawg hydrophilic thiab ib qho kawg hydrophobic, txo qhov nro ntawm dej. Qhov thib ob, muaj tsiaj thiab zaub roj los ntawm catering khib nyiab thiab emulsifiers thiab dispersants los ntawm industrial wastewater. Thib peb, muaj cov surfactants ntuj xws li roj stains, tsheb tso tso tsheb hlau luam, thiab cov khoom humic uas tau sau rau ntawm qhov chaw los ntawm cov dej nag los nag. Thaum cov khoom no nkag mus rau hauv lub cev nrog lub zog, nyob rau hauv kev ntxhov siab ntawm lub twj tso kua mis impeller thiab cov turbulent flow ntawm lub inlet ntawm lub hauv paus sedimentation tank, huab cua yog kos rau hauv dej, tsim ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov npuas ruaj khov, uas sib sau ua npuas ncauj. Yog tias cov dej khib nyiab tau tso tawm hauv qhov kev nce siab, cov npuas dej yuav nce nrawm dua nyob rau lub sijhawm luv luv, txawm tias npog tag nrho cov npoo ntawm lub hauv paus sedimentation tank.
(II) Aeration Tank (Aerobic Section, feem ntau concentrated thiab tawv ncauj ua npuas ncauj cheeb tsam)
Lub aeration tank yog lub hauv paus ntawm biochemical cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab kuj yog qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws rau cov teeb meem ua npuas ncauj. Nws muaj ob qho tib si uas tsis yog -biochemical ua npuas ncauj thiab roj ntsha ua npuas ncauj, nrog rau cov roj ntsha ua npuas ncauj yog qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws los tswj.
1. Tsis yog -biochemical ua npuas ncauj
Cov ua tau zoo ib yam li cov nyob rau hauv pretreatment theem, tab sis qhov nruam thiab ntau aeration muab los ntawm lub aeration system ua rau ua npuas ncauj loj thiab ntev ntev. Dhau li ntawm cov surfactants nqa los ntawm cov neeg muaj peev xwm, ob qho kev txhawb nqa tshwj xeeb yog: thawj zaug, kev siv zog ntau dhau ua rau cov npuas me me thiab ntau cov npuas uas nyuaj rau sawv thiab tawg; Thib ob, tam sim ntawd nce nyob rau hauv cov concentration ntawm cov organic teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub influent ua rau cov khoom nruab nrab ntawm microbial metabolism (xws li fatty acids thiab polysaccharides) kom cov dej ntog dej, exacerbating npuas tsim. Hom ua npuas dej no feem ntau dissipates ntawm nws tus kheej tom qab cov dej zoo stabilizes.
2. Biological ua npuas ncauj (xws li 70% ntawm cov teeb meem ua npuas ncauj hauv cov khoom siv roj ntsha)
Qhov no yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob tshwj xeeb filamentous. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov xim av xim av -liab, khov, creamy sib xws uas nyuaj rau tawg thiab tuaj yeem sib sau mus rau qhov tuab ntawm kaum ntawm centimeters, txawm tias dhau lub tank. Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb yog kev tswj hwm ntawm cov kab mob filamentous (tsuas yog Nocardia, Microfilamenta, thiab Sulfothermia) hauv kev sib tw. Lawv mycelia nthuav tawm ntawm floc nto, intertwine los tsim ib lub pob txha pob txha ruaj khov, thiab ruaj khov kho cov npuas hauv qhov chaw.
Cov kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb uas ua rau muaj cov kab mob filamentous loj heev suav nrog: 1) Lub hnub nyoog sludge ntev heev: Cov kab mob Filamentous xws li Nocardia muaj lub sijhawm tiam ntawm 5-7 hnub, ntev dua li cov kab mob zoo tib yam - tsim cov kab mob. Thaum cov sludge muaj hnub nyoog tshaj 10 hnub, cov kab mob filamentous sib sau ua ke ntau ntau. 2) Cov organic load tsis txaus: Cov kab mob Filamentous muaj thaj chaw loj thiab tuaj yeem tau txais cov zaub mov yooj yim dua hauv qab qis - cov khoom noj khoom haus . 3}) Qhov kub thiab txias: 15-25℃yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau cov kab mob reproduction tsis muaj microfila; Yog li ntawd, lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg yog lub caij nyoog siab tshaj plaws rau kev ua npuas ncauj lom zem. 4) Tsis txaus nitrogen thiab phosphorus cov as-ham: Thaum cov pa roj carbon-rau-nitrogen piv lossis carbon-rau-phosphorus piv yog siab dhau, qhov kev loj hlob ntawm floc- muaj cov kab mob qis dua rau cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob uas tsis muaj zog. phosphorus thiab yuav ua kom zoo dua qhov no kom loj hlob . 5) Cov pa oxygen tsawg: Cov kab mob filamentous xws li cov kab mob microfilamentous tuaj yeem muaj sia nyob hauv qhov chaw qis qis, thaum cov kab mob floc-forming xav tau cov pa oxygen ntau dua . 6) Cov pH ntau dhau: Cov kua qaub los yog cov kab mob alkaline muaj zog tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob.
(III) Secondary Settling Tank
Cov npuas dej hauv lub tank thib ob feem ntau yog "thib ob ua npuas dej," uas yog los ntawm peb qhov chaw tseem ceeb: Ua ntej, ua npuas dej tsim hauv lub tank aeration ntws mus rau hauv lub tank thib ob nrog cov cawv sib xyaw thiab sib sau ua ke ntawm qhov chaw. Qhov thib ob, denitrification ua npuas ncauj, ib hom ua npuas ncauj nyob rau hauv lub thib ob settling tank, yog yus muaj los ntawm nws cov xim grey thiab nplua sludge hais, feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov los yog thaum lub sij hawm denitrification txheej txheem. Thaum cov sludge nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub tank thib ob nyob twj ywm ntev dhau lawm thiab yaj cov pa oxygen tsis txaus, cov kab mob denitrifying txo nitrates rau nitrogen gas. Cov pa roj nitrogen me me ua rau cov sludge flocs, ua rau lawv ntab thiab ua npuas dej. Thib peb, sludge putrefaction ua npuas ncauj tshwm sim thaum cov sludge tsis tawm ntawm lub tank thib ob nyob rau lub sijhawm, ua rau anaerobic putrefaction ntawm cov sludge hauv qab, ua rau cov pa roj xws li hydrogen sulfide thiab methane, uas nqa cov sludge mus rau saum npoo, tsim cov npuas dub nrog cov ntxhiab tsw.
(IV) Sludge Return and Excess Sludge System
Cov npuas dej nyob rau theem no feem ntau yog "kho ua npuas ncauj," tshwm sim los ntawm: 1) Rov qab sludge nqa ua npuas ncauj tsim nyob rau hauv lub aeration tank rov qab mus rau lub tank kev kho mob, tsim kom muaj lub voj voog vicious; 2) Kev tso tawm tsis txaus ntawm cov sludge ntau dhau, ua rau lub sijhawm ntev sludge nyob rau hauv lub cev, ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob filamentous; 3) Ua npuas ncauj tsim nyob rau hauv lub sludge thickening tank thiab digestion tank ntws rov qab mus rau lub biological kho tank nrog lub supernatant, qhia ntau npaum li cas ntawm surfactants thiab filamentous spores.
II. Precise Countermeasures rau ntau hom ua npuas ncauj
(I) Kev tiv thaiv tsis yog-Biochemical Foam
Lub hauv paus yog "kev tswj hwm + kev tshem tawm lub cev," txo qis kev siv tshuaj defoamers.
1. Kev Tswj Xyuas Qhov Chaw: Txhim kho kev saib xyuas ntawm cov dej khib nyiab hauv kev lag luam, xav kom cov tuam txhab tso tawm ua ntej - kho cov dej khib nyiab uas muaj surfactants thiab roj; tsim cov dej nag los cuam tshuam cov tso tsheb hlau luam los tiv thaiv thawj cov dej nag los ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv kev kho kab mob lom; ntxiv cov roj separators thiab flotation tso tsheb hlau luam nyob rau hauv pretreatment theem kom tshem tawm feem ntau ntawm cov roj thiab tshem tawm surfactants.
2. Lub cev Defoaming: Nruab siab - lub dav hlau dej siab hauv cov npuas dej - tsim qhov chaw kom tawg ua npuas dej siv lub zog cuam tshuam ntawm cov dej ntws; nruab baffles ntawm cov npoo ntawm lub tank kom tsis txhob ua npuas dej ntau dhau; tsim nyog txo cov aeration siv kom txo tau cov npuas generated, thaum nce lub stirring siv los txhawb npuas merging thiab bursting.
3. Kev Pab Cuam Tshuam: Yog tias tus nqi ntawm cov npuas dej yog qhov loj heev, ib qho me me ntawm organosilicon defoamer tuaj yeem ntxiv. Kev saib xyuas yuav tsum tau saib xyuas kom tswj tau qhov ntau npaum li cas kom tsis txhob muaj qhov sib ntxiv uas cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm microbial, thiab defoamers yuav tsum tsis txhob cia siab rau lub sijhawm ntev.
(II) Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Ua Npuas Ncauj Ua Npuas Ncauj (Lub hauv paus yog los tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob filamentous)
Biological foam tsis tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev siv lub cev lossis tshuaj lom neeg nkaus xwb; Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau pib los ntawm kev kho cov kev khiav hauj lwm tsis muaj peev xwm ua kom puas tsuaj nyob ib puag ncig ntawm cov kab mob filamentous.
1. Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo Tshaj Plaws (Qhov Kev Ntsuas Tseem Ceeb Tshaj Plaws) - Shorten Sludge Age: Tswj lub hnub nyoog sludge mus rau 5-8 hnub los ntawm kev ua kom cov paug tawm ntawm cov sludge ntau dhau kom tshem tawm ntev - cov kab mob filamentous xws li Nocardia;
- Ua kom Organic Loading: Tsim nyog txo tus nqi xa rov qab thiab nce qhov concentration ntawm cov organic teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub zog rau cov tshuaj lom neeg lub tank, cia floc- tsim cov kab mob kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev sib tw khoom noj khoom haus;
- Kho Oxygen Dissolved: Ua kom cov pa yaj hauv lub qhov hluav taws xob aeration mus rau 2-3 mg / L txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob hypoxic filamentous (xws li Microfilaments);
- Supplement Nitrogen thiab Phosphorus Nutrients: Yog hais tias lub influent nitrogen thiab phosphorus tsis txaus, ntxiv urea thiab potassium dihydrogen phosphate ntawm carbon-nitrogen-phosphorus ratio ntawm 100:5:1 kom tau raws li kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob floc{6}
2. Kev Ntsuas Lub Cev Muaj Zog - Overflow Skimming: Nruab ib lub npuas dej ntws ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub tank aeration kom skim deg lom neeg ua npuas ncauj tawm ntawm qhov system rau kev kho mob cais, tiv thaiv rov qab.
- Carrier Ntxiv: Ntxiv cov cab kuj xws li cov pa roj carbon activated, zeolite, thiab polyurethane ua npuas ncauj rau lub tank kho lom neeg kom nce floc ntom thiab muab cov chaw txuas rau cov kab mob hauv cov flocs, inhibiting ncua kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob filamentous.
3. Kev ntsuas tshuaj thaum muaj xwm ceev
Yog tias ua npuas dej lom neeg hnyav heev, qhov qis qis ntawm oxidant tuaj yeem ntxiv rau lub sijhawm luv luv, xws li sodium hypochlorite (5-10 mg / L) lossis hydrogen peroxide (10-20 mg / L). Oxidants xaiv rhuav tshem cov filamentous hyphae txuas los ntawm flocs, thaum muaj kev cuam tshuam tsawg rau cov kab mob hauv cov flocs. nruj me ntsis tswj qhov ntau npaum thiab zaus ntawm kev ntxiv kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam rau kev kho mob lom.
4. Kev Cai Lij Choj
Ntxiv cov tshuaj flocculant muaj txiaj ntsig zoo los txhim kho kev sib tw muaj peev xwm ntawm flocculants; los yog inoculate ib tug me me ntawm digested sludge los qhia protozoa thiab metazoa uas muaj peev xwm prey ntawm cov kab mob filamentous, inhibiting ntau proliferation ntawm filamentous kab mob los ntawm cov zaub mov saw.
(III) Tuav Ua Npuas Ncauj nyob rau hauv Secondary Settling Tank
Siv cov kev ntsuas sib txawv raws li cov laj thawj sib txawv: Rau cov npuas dej qhia los ntawm lub tank aeration, tsom rau kev daws cov teeb meem ua npuas dej hauv lub tank aeration, thiab teeb tsa cov twj tso dej rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub tank thib ob kom tshem tawm cov npuas dej; rau denitrification ua npuas ncauj, ua kom cov paug tawm ntawm cov sludge ntau, ua kom lub sij hawm khaws cov sludge nyob rau hauv lub tank thib ob, thiab ua kom cov dej cawv sib xyaw kom rov qab nitrates rau thaj tsam anoxic rau denitrification; rau sludge putrefaction ua npuas ncauj, tso tawm sludge tam sim ntawd kom tsis txhob sludge tsub zuj zuj nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub thib ob settling tank, thiab npliag thiab dredge lub thib ob settling tank yog tsim nyog.
(IV) Teb rau Kev Ua Npuas Ncauj
Hnyav txwv txoj kev ua npuas ncauj. Sau ua npuas ncauj thiab supernatant generated los ntawm cov sludge rov qab system thiab thickener nyias, kho lawv nrog defoaming agents thiab sedimentation ua ntej lawv rov qab mus rau cov kev kho mob lom. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ua kom zoo dua cov sludge tso tawm ntau dhau los txhawm rau txhawm rau ruaj khov sludge hnub nyoog thiab tiv thaiv kom ntev - lub sij hawm sludge tsub zuj zuj hauv qhov system.
III. Ntev -Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Tiv Thaiv thiab Tswj Lub Sij Hawm
Tsim kom muaj kev ceeb toom ua ntej ua npuas ncauj, tsis tu ncua saib xyuas cov cim xws li lub hnub nyoog sludge, yaj cov pa oxygen, nitrogen thiab phosphorus concentrations, thiab cov kab mob filamentous abundance nyob rau hauv lub biological kho tank los kwv yees ua npuas ncauj txaus ntshai ua ntej. Rau lub caij nyoog siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua npuas dej hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg, kho cov haujlwm ua haujlwm ua ntej, ua kom lub hnub nyoog sludge thiab nce cov pa oxygen. Txhim khu kev saib xyuas dej zoo kom pom cov dej khib nyiab tam sim ntawd thiab ntsuas kev kub ntxhov. Tsis tu ncua dredge lub tso tsheb hlau luam thiab cov kav dej kom txo tau cov tsub zuj zuj ntawm surfactants thiab filamentous spores nyob rau hauv qab sludge.