Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Cov Txheej Txheem Feem Ntau Siv Hauv Nroog Cov Chaw Kho Dej Kho Dej

Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho cov dej khib nyiab hauv nroog yog tshem tawm cov pa phem xws li COD, BOD₅, TN, thiab TP los ntawm cov dej khib nyiab kom ua tau raws li cov qauv kev tso tawm (kev ua raws li cov qauv A ntawm "Kev Tso Cai Rau Cov Khoom Siv Hauv Nroog" GB 18918-2002). Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb tam sim no yog nyob rau hauv kev kho mob lom, ua ke nrog kev kho mob ua ntej thiab kev kho mob siab heev, ua tiav cov txheej txheem ntawm "pretreatment - core treatment - advanced treatment - sludge disposal." Cov hauv qab no muab cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog rau rau cov txheej txheem siv dav tshaj plaws, suav nrog lawv cov ntsiab lus, cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo, thiab cov xwm txheej siv tau, thaum tseem xav txog cov ntsiab lus thiab kev tsim vaj tsev ua tau.

1. Txheej txheem txheej txheem

Siv cov activated sludge ua lub hauv paus, nyob rau hauv aerobic tej yam kev mob, microorganisms adsorb thiab degrade organic pollutants nyob rau hauv cov dej khib nyiab, ua tiav cov dej khib nyiab los ntawm sludge - dej sib cais. Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb: Bar screen → Grit chamber → Lub hauv paus sedimentation tank → Aeration tank → Secondary sedimentation tank → Disinfection thiab paug; residual sludge yog concentrated, dewatered, thiab ces muab pov tseg.

2. Cov Ntsiab Cai Tsim Cov Qauv
* Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT): 8-12h, nrog HRT Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 6h hauv lub tank aeration;
* Sludge Retention Time (SRT): 3-5d (tsuas yog siv tau rau kev tshem tawm cov khoom organic, tsis muaj nitrogen thiab phosphorus tshem tawm haujlwm);
* Organic Loading (F/M): 0.2-0.4kgBOD₅/(kgMLSS·d);
* DO Cuam Tshuam hauv Aeration Tank: 2-3mg / L, siv yuam aeration lossis mechanical aeration.

3. Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo
* Qhov zoo: cov cuab yeej paub tab, kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov, kev ua haujlwm siab hauv kev kho cov teeb meem organic (BOD₅ tshem tawm tus nqi 85% -90%), thiab tus nqi peev tsawg;
* Qhov tsis zoo: Tsis muaj nitrogen thiab phosphorus tshem tawm ua haujlwm, ua rau nws nyuaj kom ua tau raws li cov qauv A tam sim no; loj sludge ntau lawm, nquag mus filamentous bulking; loj hneev taw thiab kuj siv zog heev.

4. Cov xwm txheej siv tau
* Tsim nyog rau thaum ntxov- tsim cov chaw kho dej khib nyiab nrog cov qauv tso tawm qis, lossis ua chav ua ntej rau cov dej khib nyiab; tam sim no, nws tsis tshua siv ib leeg hauv cov haujlwm tshiab, tab sis feem ntau yog cov qauv yooj yim rau kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem.

1. Txheej txheem txheej txheem
Cov txheej txheem A²O (Anaerobic-Anoxic-Aerobic)) ua tiav ib txhij tshem tawm nitrogen thiab phosphorus los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm peb thaj chaw: phosphorus- khaws cov kab mob tso tawm phosphorus hauv thaj chaw anaerobic, denitrifying cov kab mob thiab tshem tawm cov kab mob nitroxic hauv cov kab mob nitrogen. phosphorus- txuam nrog cov kab mob nqus phosphorus hauv thaj chaw aerobic. Cov kev hloov kho tshiab (nrog rau qhov sib ntxiv ntawm lub tank ua ntej-anoxic tank) daws cov teeb meem kev sib tw carbon ntawm denitrification thiab phosphorus tshem tawm, txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig nitrogen thiab phosphorus tshem tawm. Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb: Pretreatment → Anaerobic tank → Pre- anoxic tank → Anoxic tank → Aerobic tank → Secondary sedimentation tank → Advanced treatment → Discharge.

2. Cov Ntsiab Cai Tsim Cov Qauv

Tag Nrho HRT: 10-12h, anaerobic: anoxic: aerobic HRT piv=1: 3: 5;
Sludge Retention Time (SRT): 10-12 hnub ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, 15 hnub ntawm qhov kub thiab txias (kom sib npaug nitrification thiab phosphorus tshem tawm cov cai);
Recirculation Ratio: Mixed cawv recirculation ratio 200% -300% (hloov zaus adjustable), sludge recirculation ratio 50% -80%;
DO Control: Anaerobic zone Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug ntawm 0.2mg / L, anoxic zone Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.5mg / L, aerobic zone 2-3mg / L.

3. Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo

Qhov zoo: Kev tshem tawm nitrogen thiab phosphorus zoo heev (TN tshem tawm tus nqi 70% -80%, TP tshem tawm tus nqi 80% -90%), ua raws li cov qauv A; mature technology, nruab nrab nqi khiav hauj lwm, haum rau cov dej khib nyiab hauv nroog nrog cov dej loj hloov pauv;
Disadvantages: Parameter inconsistencies muaj nyob ntawm nitrogen thiab phosphorus tshem tawm (SRT, recirculation ratio yuav tsum tsis sib haum); qis- cov dej khib nyiab yuav tsum muaj cov pa roj carbon monoxide ntxiv; me ntsis loj hneev taw.

4. Cov xwm txheej siv tau

Tam sim no txoj kev nyiam rau kev tsim kho tshiab, nthuav dav, thiab txhim kho cov chaw kho dej khib nyiab hauv nroog, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsim rau cov dej khib nyiab hauv nroog uas xav tau kev tswj hwm ib txhij ntawm nitrogen thiab phosphorus emissions. Nws kuj tuaj yeem hloov kho rau cov dej khib nyiab uas muaj me me ntawm cov dej khib nyiab hauv kev lag luam (kev hloov pauv ntawm biodegradability coefficient yuav tsum tau ua).

1. Txheej txheem txheej txheem

Cov txheej txheem no muab cov txheej txheem sib cais membrane nrog kev kho mob lom neeg, hloov cov txheej txheem thib ob nrog cov txheej txheem membrane kom ua tiav cov sludge zoo - dej sib cais. Core flow: Pretreatment → Biological tank (A²O, SBR, thiab lwm yam. configurations yuav siv tau) → Membrane tank → Disinfection thiab paug. Cov txheej txheem membrane tuaj yeem khaws cov kab mob, tswj kom muaj MLSS siab nyob rau hauv lub tank lom thiab txhim kho nitrification thiab tshem tawm cov organic teeb meem.

2. Cov Ntsiab Cai Tsim Cov Qauv

MLSS Concentration: 6000-8000 mg/L (tseem ceeb dua li cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj);
Sludge Retention Time (SRT): 20-30 hnub (txhim kho nitrification, haum rau qhov kub thiab txias, tsis tshua muaj C/N pov tseg);
Membrane Flux: 10-20 L / (m²·h), yuav tsum tau ntxuav lub cev / tshuaj;
Kev siv hluav taws xob: 0.6-1.0 kWh / m³ (xws li aeration thiab membrane suction zog noj).

3. Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo

Qhov zoo: Cov dej ntws zoo heev (TN Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 8 mg / L, TP Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.3 mg / L), ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau hloov kho kom ze rau -Class IV dej zoo; hneev taw tsuas yog 1/3-1/2 ntawm cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj; tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm sludge poob, kev ua haujlwm siab ruaj khov;
Disadvantages: High membrane module nqi (sau rau 30% -40% ntawm tag nrho cov peev); complex txij nkawm (nrog rau clogging), cov nqi khiav hauj lwm siab; siv zog ntau dua li cov txheej txheem lom neeg.

4. Cov xwm txheej siv tau

Tsim nyog rau cov cheeb tsam hauv nroog uas muaj cov peev txheej hauv av tsawg, txhim kho cov haujlwm nrog cov qauv nruj nruj, lossis cov xwm txheej dej tshwj xeeb xws li qhov kub thiab txias thiab qis C / N piv; kuj tseem siv tau rau kev kho dej khib nyiab decentralized (xws li, cov zej zog nyob, cov chaw ua si).

1. Txheej txheem txheej txheem

Siv lub nplhaib- zoo li tus ditch reactor, cov dej khib nyiab ncig hauv qhov kwj dej los ntawm kev sib hloov cov txhuam los yog cov discs rau aeration, tsim cov aerobic thiab anoxic zones kom ua tiav cov organic teeb meem degradation thiab denitrification. Cov kev teeb tsa muaj xws li Carrousel oxidation ditches, Orbal oxidation ditches, thiab kev sib xyaw oxidation ditches (nrog rau cov tso tsheb hlau luam thib ob).

2. Cov Ntsiab Cai Tsim Cov Qauv

Tag Nrho HRT: 15-25h (ntev hydraulic tuav lub sijhawm, muaj zog tiv thaiv kev poob siab);
Sludge Retention Time (SRT): 10-20d (tsim nyog rau kev tshem tawm nitrogen);
Organic Loading (F/M): 0.05-0.15kgBOD₅/(kgMLSS·d);
Dissolved Oxygen: maj mam faib nyob rau hauv lub ditch (2-3mg / L nyob rau hauv aerobic cheeb tsam, 0.5-1mg / L nyob rau hauv anoxic cheeb tsam).

3. Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo

Qhov zoo: muaj zog heev tiv thaiv kev poob siab, haum rau cov dej khib nyiab nrog kev hloov pauv loj hauv cov dej zoo thiab ntau; kev khiav hauj lwm yooj yim thiab kev tswj xyuas, cov nqi kho mob tsawg; zoo nitrogen tshem tawm (TN tshem tawm tus nqi 70% -75%);
Disadvantages: Tsis muaj zog phosphorus tshem tawm cov nyhuv (yuav tsum tau auxiliary tshuaj phosphorus tshem tawm); loj hneev taw, siab zog noj; tsis txaus ua haujlwm yooj.

4. Cov xwm txheej siv tau
Tsim nyog rau cov chaw kho dej khib nyiab hauv me me thiab nruab nrab- cov nroog loj (ntim 50,000-500,000 m³ / d), cov dej khib nyiab nyuaj nrog kev hloov pauv loj hauv cov dej tsis zoo (xws li cov dej khib nyiab me me), lossis cov haujlwm uas muaj kev txwv kev lag luam thiab kev tswj xyuas.

1. Txheej txheem txheej txheem

Siv lub reactor sib quas ntus, tsib theem ua tiav nyob rau hauv tib lub tank: influent, aeration (aerobic), sedimentation, effluent paug, thiab idle lub sij hawm. Organic teeb meem degradation, nitrogen thiab phosphorus tshem tawm yog ua tiav los ntawm kev faib sijhawm. Hloov kho cov txheej txheem (CAST, CASS cov txheej txheem) ntxiv ib cheeb tsam xaiv thiab ua ntej -tshem tawm tsam txhawm rau txhim kho sludge daws kev ua tau zoo thiab kev tshem tawm phosphorus efficiency.

2. Cov Txheej Txheem Tseem Ceeb:
Ib lub voj voog ua haujlwm: 4-6 teev (suav nrog 2-3 teev ntawm aeration thiab 1-1.5 teev ntawm sedimentation);
Sludge Retention Time (SRT): 10-15 hnub;
MLSS Concentration: 3000-5000 mg/L;
Cov dej sib piv: 1/3-1/2 (txhua qhov dej yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 1/2 ntawm lub tank ntim).

3. Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo

Qhov zoo: me me hneev taw (tsis xav tau ib lub tank sib cais thib ob); kev ua haujlwm hloov tau yooj yim, nrog kev hloov pauv hloov pauv raws li dej zoo; haum rau me me mus rau nruab nrab cov dej ntim, ua kom muaj nitrogen thiab phosphorus ib txhij tshem tawm.
Qhov tsis zoo: Cov kev xav tau siab rau kev tswj tsis siv neeg (yuav tsum muaj kev tswj xyuas meej ntawm txhua theem lub sijhawm); tsis txaus effluent zoo stability, yooj yim cuam tshuam los ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm tsis; cov cuab yeej siv ceev ceev (ntau pib- nres ntawm qhov qub thiab cov twj tso kua mis).

4. Cov xwm txheej siv tau
Tsim nyog rau me me thiab nruab nrab- qhov loj hauv nroog cov chaw kho dej khib nyiab (dej ntim tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 100,000 m³ / d), cov haujlwm kho dej tsis zoo (xws li cov zej zog thiab cov chaw ua haujlwm), lossis cov xwm txheej uas muaj cov dej zoo hloov pauv uas yuav tsum tau hloov pauv hloov pauv ntawm cov haujlwm ua haujlwm.

1. Txheej txheem txheej txheem
Kev koom ua ke tag nrho cov theem kev kho mob lom (COD degradation, tshem tawm nitrogen, tshem tawm phosphorus, sludge stabilization) rau hauv ib lub tank lom. Los ntawm zoned tsim thiab siab -efficiency aeration system, ib txhij tshem tawm nitrogen thiab phosphorus thiab sludge txo tau tiav. Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb yog BioDopp aeration system (loj- thaj tsam zoo ua npuas ncauj aeration), uas muaj cov pa oxygen hloov pauv tau yooj yim thiab yooj yim los tswj.

2. Cov Ntsiab Cai Tsim Cov Qauv
Kev siv hluav taws xob: 0.075 kWh / m³ (tseem ceeb tsawg dua li cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj, ua kom pom lub zog loj heev- txuag qhov zoo);
MLSS Concentration: 8 g / L (siab sludge concentration, txhim khu kev kho mob);
Oxygen Transfer Efficiency: 5 kgO₂/kWh, Oxygen Demand 0.2-0.3 mg/L;
Tag Nrho HRT: 8-12 h, haum rau niaj hnub kev kho dej khib nyiab hauv nroog.

3. Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo
Qhov zoo: Lub zog muaj zog- txuag cov nyhuv (kev siv hluav taws xob tsuas yog 1/5-1/8 ntawm cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj); kev koom ua ke siab, me me hneev taw; tsawg sludge ntau lawm, tshem tawm qhov xav tau rau complex sludge pov tseg; yooj yim txij nkawm ntawm aeration system (tuaj yeem ntxuav hauv online, tsis muaj sijhawm poob); Disadvantages: High technical threshold, cov khoom siv tseem ceeb cia siab rau kev xa khoom tuaj; haum rau tej yam dej zoo, adaptability rau high- ntsev thiab recalcitrant wastewater xav tau kev txheeb xyuas ntxiv.

4. Cov xwm txheej siv tau
Tsim nyog rau cov chaw tsim kho tshiab hauv nroog cov dej khib nyiab (nrhiav kev txuag hluav taws xob thiab kev txo qis) thiab cov chaw ua haujlwm hauv chaw ua si dej khib nyiab. Nws tau ua tiav hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, Czech koom pheej, thiab Shanghai thiab Hebei xeev hauv kuv lub tebchaws.

Kev xaiv cov txheej txheem rau cov chaw kho dej khib nyiab hauv nroog yuav tsum xav txog tsib yam tseem ceeb: cov yam ntxwv zoo ntawm cov dej, cov qauv tso tawm, qhov ntim dej, cov peev txheej av, thiab cov nqi khiav lag luam. Lub ntsiab logic yog raws li nram no:

• Cov qauv dej zoo thiab kev tso tawm: Rau kev tshem tawm cov nitrogen thiab phosphorus ib txhij kom ua tau raws li cov qauv A, hloov cov txheej txheem A²O thiab MBR yog nyiam; txhawm rau txhim kho kom nyob ze rau Chav Kawm IV dej zoo, cov txheej txheem MBR nyiam dua; rau cov dej zoo nrog qhov hloov pauv loj, oxidation ditch thiab hloov SBR cov txheej txheem yog nyiam.
• Water Volume: Large wastewater treatment plants (>500,000 m³ / d) ua ntej hloov kho A²O thiab oxidation ditch txheej txheem; me thiab nruab nrab-cov chaw kho dej khib nyiab loj (10,000-500,000 m³/d) tuaj yeem xaiv A²O, hloov kho SBR, lossis BioDopp cov txheej txheem; decentralized tej yaam num (<10,000 m³/d) prioritize SBR and MBR processes.
• Av thiab Nqi: Hauv nroog loj hauv cheeb tsam uas thaj av tsis tshua muaj, MBR, SBR, thiab BioDopp cov txheej txheem nyiam dua; rau cov peev nyiaj tsawg, hloov A²O thiab cov txheej txheem oxidation ditch yog nyiam; rau lub sij hawm ntev - txuag hluav taws xob, BioDopp cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem txiav txim siab.
• Kev Ua Haujlwm thiab Kev Tswj Xyuas: Rau cov nroj tsuag uas muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm tsawg thiab kev tswj hwm, oxidation ditch thiab hloov cov txheej txheem A²O (yooj yim rau kev khiav lag luam) yog nyiam; rau cov uas muaj qib siab ntawm automation, hloov MBR thiab SBR txheej txheem yog tsim nyog.

Hauv cov ntsiab lus, cov txheej txheem A²O hloov kho, nrog nws cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev tshem tawm cov nitrogen thiab phosphorus ruaj khov, tus nqi nruab nrab, thiab kev hloov pauv dav, tseem yog qhov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau kev kho dej khib nyiab hauv nroog; MBR txheej txheem yog tsim rau kev kho dua tshiab thiab compact layout xav tau; thiab cov txheej txheem tshiab xws li BioDopp muab cov lus qhia tshiab rau kev txuag hluav taws xob thiab txo qis emissions, thiab lawv daim ntawv thov scenarios yuav maj mam nthuav dav yav tom ntej.